A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
T-affrication
This chapter in the Iberian edition: Chapter 4a.6
462 cognate pairs
Sources
Outcomes
/t/⟨t⟩ → /tʃ, t/211 pairs
source
/t/
→ /tʃ/⟨t⟩ · 192
outcome
/tʃ/ 
/tʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ti/ | ti | /tʃi/ | ti | you (after preposition, sg.) |
| /ˈti.a/ | tía | /ˈtʃi.ɐ/ | tia | aunt |
| /ˈti.o/ | tío | /ˈtʃi.u/ | tio | uncle |
| /ˈaɾ.te/ | arte | /ˈaʁ.tʃi/ | arte | art |
| /ˈes.te/ | este | /ˈeʃ.tʃi/ | este | this (m.) |
| /ˈti.po/ | tipo | /ˈtʃi.pu/ | tipo | type |
| /ˈmaɾ.te/ | marte | /ˈmaʁ.tʃi/ | marte | Mars |
| /ˈpaɾ.te/ | parte | /ˈpaʁ.tʃi/ | parte | part |
| /xen.ˈtil/ | gentil | /ʒẽ.ˈtʃiw/ | gentil | gentle, noble |
| /men.ˈtiɾ/ | mentir | /mẽ.ˈtʃiʁ/ | mentir | to lie |
| /mo.ˈti.βa/ | motiva | /mu.ˈtʃi.vɐ/ | motiva | motive (f.) |
| /ˈni.ti.ða/ | nítida | /ˈni.tʃi.dɐ/ | nítida | clear, sharp (f.) |
| /paɾ.ˈtiɾ/ | partir | /paʁ.ˈtʃiʁ/ | partir | to depart |
| /sen.ˈtiɾ/ | sentir | /sẽ.ˈtʃiʁ/ | sentir | to feel |
| /ˈti.pi.ka/ | típica | /ˈtʃi.pi.kɐ/ | típica | typical |
| /ˈtɾis.te/ | triste | /ˈtʃɾiʃ.tʃi/ | triste | sad |
| /bes.ˈtiɾ/ | vestir | /veʃ.ˈtʃiʁ/ | vestir | to dress, clothe |
| /an.ˈti.ɣwa/ | antigua | /ɐ̃.ˈtʃi.gɐ/ | antiga | ancient (f.) |
| /kon.ˈti.ɣo/ | contigo | /ko.ˈtʃi.gu/ | contigo | with you |
| /ˈkɾi.ti.ka/ | crítica | /ˈkɾi.tʃi.kɐ/ | crítica | critical, critique |
| /men.ˈti.ða/ | mentida | /mẽ.ˈtʃi.dɐ/ | mentida | lied |
| /paɾ.ˈti.ða/ | partida | /paʁ.ˈtʃi.dɐ/ | partida | divided |
| /ˈrus.ti.ka/ | rústica | /ˈʁuʃ.tʃi.kɐ/ | rústica | rustic |
| /sen.ˈti.ða/ | sentida | /sẽ.ˈtʃi.dɐ/ | sentida | felt (f.) |
| /bes.ˈti.ða/ | vestida | /veʃ.ˈtʃi.dɐ/ | vestida | dressed |
| /kɾe.a.ˈti.βa/ | creativa | /kɾi.a.ˈtʃi.vɐ/ | criativa | creative (f.) |
| /me.ˈðjan.te/ | mediante | /me.ˈdjan.tʃi/ | mediante | by means of |
| /po.ˈli.ti.ka/ | política | /pu.ˈli.tʃi.kɐ/ | política | politics |
| /po.ˈli.ti.ko/ | político | /pu.ˈli.tʃi.ku/ | político | political |
| /po.si.ˈti.βa/ | positiva | /pu.zi.ˈtʃi.vɐ/ | positiva | positive (f.) |
| /ˈan.te/ | ante | /ˈɐ̃.tʃi/ | ante | before |
| /ˈti.ɲa/ | tiña | /ˈtʃĩ.ɲɐ/ | tinha | ringworm |
| /ˈdan.te/ | dante | /ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | dante | giving |
| /ˈxen.te/ | gente | /ˈʒẽ.tʃi/ | gente | people, folk |
| /ˈmen.te/ | mente | /ˈmẽ.tʃi/ | mente | mind |
| /ˈmon.te/ | monte | /ˈmõ.tʃi/ | monte | mountain |
| /ˈsje.te/ | siete | /ˈsɛ.tʃi/ | sete | seven |
| /ˈtin.ta/ | tinta | /ˈtʃĩ.tɐ/ | tinta | dyed |
| /a.ˈman.te/ | amante | /ɐ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | amante | lover |
| /a.ˈɾan.te/ | arante | /a.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | arante | plowing |
| /ˈdjen.te/ | diente | /ˈdẽ.tʃi/ | dente | tooth |
| /ˈfɾen.te/ | frente | /ˈfɾõ.tʃi/ | fronte | forehead, front |
| /ˈfwen.te/ | fuente | /ˈfõ.tʃi/ | fonte | fountain, spring |
| /ˈfweɾ.te/ | fuerte | /ˈfɔʁ.tʃi/ | forte | strong |
| /ˈwes.te/ | hueste | /ˈɔʃ.tʃi/ | hoste | army, host |
| /la.ˈti.na/ | latina | /la.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/ | latina | Latin |
| /ˈli.mi.te/ | límite | /ˈlĩ.mi.tʃi/ | limite | limit |
| /lo.ˈan.te/ | loante | /low.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/ | louvante | praising |
| /ˈmweɾ.te/ | muerte | /ˈmɔʁ.tʃi/ | morte | death |
| /o.ˈɾan.te/ | orante | /u.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | orante | praying |
| /ˈpwen.te/ | puente | /ˈpõ.tʃi/ | ponte | bridge |
| /ˈsweɾ.te/ | suerte | /ˈsɔʁ.tʃi/ | sorte | lot, fate, luck |
| /ˈti.mi.ða/ | tímida | /ˈtʃĩ.mi.dɐ/ | tímida | timid (f.) |
| /ˈbejn.te/ | veinte | /ˈvĩ.tʃi/ | vinte | twenty |
| /aɾ.ˈman.te/ | armante | /aʁ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | armante | arming |
| /ka.ˈlan.te/ | calante | /ka.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/ | calante | silencing |
| /ka.ˈsan.te/ | casante | /ka.ˈzɐ̃.tʃi/ | casante | marrying |
| /ka.ˈβan.te/ | cavante | /ka.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/ | cavante | digging |
| /se.ˈsan.te/ | cesante | /se.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/ | cessante | ceasing |
| /kɾe.ˈan.te/ | creante | /kɾi.ˈɐ̃.tʃi/ | criante | creating |
| /ku.ˈɾan.te/ | curante | /ku.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | curante | caring |
| /da.ˈɲan.te/ | dañante | /dɐ.ˈnɐ̃.tʃi/ | danante | damaging |
| /do.ˈman.te/ | domante | /du.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | domante | taming |
| /do.ˈɾan.te/ | dorante | /du.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | dorante | gilding |
| /du.ˈɾan.te/ | durante | /du.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | durante | during, lasting |
| /xi.ˈɣan.te/ | gigante | /ʒi.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | gigante | giant |
| /xi.ˈɾan.te/ | girante | /ʒi.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | girante | turning |
| /in.ˈfan.te/ | infante | /ĩ.ˈfɐ̃.tʃi/ | infante | infant, prince |
| /xu.ˈɾan.te/ | jurante | /ʒu.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | jurante | swearing |
| /la.ˈβan.te/ | lavante | /la.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/ | lavante | washing |
| /len.ˈte.xa/ | lenteja | /lẽ.ˈtʃi.ʎɐ/ | lentilha | lentil |
| /le.ˈβan.te/ | levante | /le.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/ | levante | east, the Levant |
| /li.ˈman.te/ | limante | /li.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | limante | filing |
| /lo.ˈkan.te/ | locante | /lu.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/ | locante | placing |
| /mo.ˈɾan.te/ | morante | /mu.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | morante | delaying |
| /mu.ˈðan.te/ | mudante | /mu.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | mudante | changing |
| /ne.ˈɣan.te/ | negante | /ne.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | negante | denying |
| /no.ˈtan.te/ | notante | /nu.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | notante | noting |
| /oɾ.ˈnan.te/ | ornante | /uʁ.ˈnɐ̃.tʃi/ | ornante | adorning |
| /pa.ˈɣan.te/ | pagante | /pa.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | pagante | paying |
| /pa.ˈɾan.te/ | parante | /pa.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | parante | preparing, stopping |
| /pa.ˈsan.te/ | pasante | /pa.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/ | passante | passing |
| /pe.ˈkan.te/ | pecante | /pe.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/ | pecante | sinning |
| /po.ˈsan.te/ | posante | /pow.ˈzɐ̃.tʃi/ | pousante | pausing |
| /re.ˈxen.te/ | regente | /ʁe.ˈʒẽ.tʃi/ | regente | regent, ruler |
| /re.ˈman.te/ | remante | /ʁe.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | remante | rowing |
| /ro.ˈðan.te/ | rodante | /ʁu.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | rodante | rotating, rolling |
| /ro.ˈɣan.te/ | rogante | /ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | rogante | asking, petitioner |
| /sa.ˈlan.te/ | salante | /sa.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/ | salante | salting |
| /se.ˈkan.te/ | secante | /se.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/ | secante | cutting, secant |
| /su.ˈðan.te/ | sudante | /su.ˈɐ̃.tʃi/ | suante | sweating |
| /to.ˈnan.te/ | tonante | /tu.ˈnɐ̃.tʃi/ | tonante | thundering |
| /ba.ˈɣan.te/ | vagante | /va.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | vagante | wandering, vagrant |
| /be.ˈðan.te/ | vedante | /ve.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | vedante | forbidding |
| /be.ˈlan.te/ | velante | /ve.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/ | velante | veiling |
| /be.ˈβjen.te/ | bebiente | /be.ˈvẽ.tʃi/ | bevente | drinking |
| /kal.ˈkan.te/ | calcante | /kaw.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/ | calcante | treading |
| /kan.ˈtan.te/ | cantante | /kɐ̃.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | cantante | singer |
| /seɾ.ˈkan.te/ | cercante | /seʁ.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/ | cercante | encircling |
| /de.ˈβjen.te/ | debiente | /de.ˈvẽ.tʃi/ | devente | owing |
| /de.ˈsjen.te/ | deciente | /de.ˈsẽ.tʃi/ | decente | decent (rare; modern uses decente) |
| /do.ˈljen.te/ | doliente | /du.ˈẽ.tʃi/ | doente | suffering ≠ sick |
| /e.le.ˈɣan.te/ | elegante | /e.le.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | elegante | elegant |
| /en.ˈtɾan.te/ | entrante | /ẽtʃ.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | entrante | entering, incoming |
| /fiɾ.ˈman.te/ | firmante | /fiʁ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | firmante | signing |
| /foɾ.ˈman.te/ | formante | /fuʁ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | formante | forming |
| /on.ˈɾan.te/ | honrante | /õ.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | honrante | honoring |
| /la.ˈðɾan.te/ | ladrante | /la.ˈdɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | ladrante | barking |
| /le.ˈtʃan.te/ | lechante | /lej.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | leitante | suckling |
| /ja.ˈman.te/ | llamante | /ʃɐ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/ | chamante | calling |
| /jo.ˈɾan.te/ | llorante | /ʃu.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | chorante | weeping |
| /lu.ˈsjen.te/ | luciente | /lu.ˈsẽ.tʃi/ | lucente | shining, bright |
| /man.ˈdan.te/ | mandante | /mɐ̃.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | mandante | commanding |
| /maɾ.ˈkan.te/ | marcante | /maʁ.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/ | marcante | marking |
| /mon.ˈdan.te/ | mondante | /mõ.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | mondante | cleaning, peeling |
| /mo.ˈβjen.te/ | moviente | /mu.ˈvẽ.tʃi/ | movente | moving |
| /na.ˈran.te/ | narrante | /na.ˈʁɐ̃.tʃi/ | narrante | telling |
| /pa.la.ˈti.na/ | palatina | /pa.la.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/ | palatina | palatine |
| /pa.ˈɾjen.te/ | pariente | /pa.ˈɾẽ.tʃi/ | parente | parent, relative |
| /pen.ˈsan.te/ | pensante | /pẽ.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/ | pensante | thinking |
| /pes.ˈkan.te/ | pescante | /peʃ.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/ | pescante | fishing |
| /poɾ.ˈtan.te/ | portante | /puʁ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | portante | carrier |
| /pɾe.ˈsen.te/ | presente | /pɾe.ˈzẽ.tʃi/ | presente | present, gift |
| /pɾi.ˈβan.te/ | privante | /pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/ | privante | depriving |
| /pɾo.ˈβan.te/ | probante | /pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/ | provante | proving |
| /pɾu.ˈðen.te/ | prudente | /pɾu.ˈdẽ.tʃi/ | prudente | prudent |
| /res.ˈtan.te/ | restante | /ʁeʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | restante | remaining |
| /sal.ˈtan.te/ | saltante | /saw.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | saltante | jumping |
| /sal.ˈβan.te/ | salvante | /saw.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/ | salvante | saving |
| /ta.ˈsjen.te/ | taciente | /ta.ˈsẽ.tʃi/ | tacente | silent |
| /taɾ.ˈðan.te/ | tardante | /taʁ.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | tardante | delaying |
| /te.ˈmjen.te/ | temiente | /te.ˈmẽ.tʃi/ | temente | fearing |
| /ten.ˈtan.te/ | tentante | /tẽ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | tentante | testing, tempting |
| /tes.ˈtan.te/ | testante | /teʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | testante | testifying |
| /tuɾ.ˈβan.te/ | turbante | /tuʁ.ˈbɐ̃.tʃi/ | turbante | disturbing |
| /ba.ˈljen.te/ | valiente | /va.ˈlẽ.tʃi/ | valente | valiant |
| /baɾ.ˈjan.te/ | variante | /vaʁ.ˈjɐ̃.tʃi/ | variante | variant |
| /bi.ˈβjen.te/ | viviente | /vi.ˈvẽ.tʃi/ | vivente | living, alive |
| /ja.ˈsjen.te/ | yaciente | /ʒa.ˈzẽ.tʃi/ | jazente | lying |
| /a.laɾ.ˈɣan.te/ | alargante | /a.laʁ.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | alargante | lengthening ≠ widening |
| /aɾ.xen.ˈti.na/ | argentina | /aʁ.ʒẽ.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/ | argentina | silvery, Argentine |
| /ka.mi.ˈnan.te/ | caminante | /kɐ.mi.ˈɲɐ̃.tʃi/ | caminhante | walker |
| /kas.ˈtɾan.te/ | castrante | /kaʃtʃ.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | castrante | castrating |
| /kom.ˈpɾan.te/ | comprante | /kõ.ˈpɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | comprante | buying, buyer |
| /ko.ɾo.ˈnan.te/ | coronante | /ku.ɾu.ˈnɐ̃.tʃi/ | coronante | crowning |
| /de.mo.ˈɾan.te/ | demorante | /de.mu.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | demorante | delaying |
| /do.ˈmes.ti.ka/ | doméstica | /du.ˈmɛʃ.tʃi.kɐ/ | doméstica | domestic |
| /do.mi.ˈnan.te/ | dominante | /du.mi.ˈnɐ̃.tʃi/ | dominante | dominant |
| /feɾ.ˈβjen.te/ | ferviente | /feʁ.ˈvẽ.tʃi/ | fervente | fervent, ardent |
| /gwaɾ.ˈðan.te/ | guardante | /gwaɾ.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | guardante | guarding |
| /li.βe.ˈɾan.te/ | liberante | /li.be.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | liberante | freeing |
| /ma.ðu.ˈɾan.te/ | madurante | /ma.du.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | madurante | ripening |
| /mos.ˈtɾan.te/ | mostrante | /muʃtʃ.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/ | mostrante | showing |
| /pla.ˈsjen.te/ | placiente | /pɾa.ˈzẽ.tʃi/ | prazente | pleasing |
| /rom.ˈpjen.te/ | rompiente | /ʁõ.ˈpẽ.tʃi/ | rompente | breaking |
| /sa.lu.ˈðan.te/ | saludante | /sa.u.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | saudante | greeting |
| /seɾ.ˈpjen.te/ | serpiente | /seʁ.ˈpẽ.tʃi/ | serpente | snake |
| /ten.ˈdjen.te/ | tendiente | /tẽ.ˈdẽ.tʃi/ | tendente | extending |
| /ben.ˈsjen.te/ | venciente | /vẽ.ˈsẽ.tʃi/ | vencente | winning, winner |
| /ben.ˈdjen.te/ | vendiente | /vẽ.ˈdẽ.tʃi/ | vendente | selling (rare; usually vendedor) |
| /bi.xi.ˈlan.te/ | vigilante | /vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/ | vigilante | vigilant, watchful |
| /im.poɾ.ˈtan.te/ | importante | /ĩ.poʁ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | importante | important |
| /seɾ.pen.ˈti.na/ | serpentina | /seʁ.pẽ.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/ | serpentina | serpentine |
| /bes.peɾ.ˈti.na/ | vespertina | /veʃ.peʁ.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/ | vespertina | evening, vespertine (f.) |
| /kos.ˈtan.te/ | costante | /kuʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | costante | constant (archaic/patrimonial) |
| /di.ˈtʃan.te/ | dichante | /dʒi.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | ditante | dictating (archaic) |
| /du.ˈsjen.te/ | duciente | /du.ˈsẽ.tʃi/ | ducente | leading (archaic) |
| /muf.ˈti/ | muftí | /muf.ˈtʃi/ | mufti | muftí |
| /a.ˈsej.te/ | aceite | /a.ˈzej.tʃi/ | azeite | oil |
| /al.fa.ˈja.te/ | alfayate | /aw.fa.ˈja.tʃi/ | alfaiate | tailor (archaic) |
| /ˈma.te/ | mate | /ˈma.tʃi/ | mate | mate (gourd; drink) |
| /ˈti.ka/ | tikka | /ˈtʃi.kɐ/ | tikka | tikka, Indian grilled meat |
| /ˈbak.ti/ | bhakti | /ˈbak.tʃi/ | bhakti | bhakti, Hindu devotion |
| /ˈʃak.ti/ | shakti | /ˈʃak.tʃi/ | shakti | Shakti, divine feminine energy |
| /ʃtik/ | shtick | /ʃtʃik/ | shtick | shtick, comic gimmick |
| /to.ˈma.te/ | tomate | /tu.ˈma.tʃi/ | tomate | tomato |
| /tʃa.ˈpa.ti/ | chapati | /ʃa.ˈpa.tʃi/ | chapati | chapati, flatbread |
| /ˈpaɾ.ba.ti/ | parvati | /ˈpaʁ.va.tʃi/ | parvati | Parvati, Hindu goddess |
| /soɾ.ˈbe.te/ | sorbete | /soʁ.ˈve.tʃi/ | sorvete | sorbete |
| /a.ɣwa.ˈka.te/ | aguacate | /a.ba.ˈka.tʃi/ | abacate | avocado |
| /pɾa.ˈkɾi.ti/ | prakriti | /pɾa.ˈkɾi.tʃi/ | prakriti | prakriti, nature |
| /tʃo.ko.ˈla.te/ | chocolate | /ʃo.ko.ˈla.tʃi/ | chocolate | chocolate |
| /lejt.mo.ˈtif/ | leitmotiv | /lejt.mo.ˈtʃiv/ | leitmotiv | leitmotiv |
| /sa.ɾas.ˈba.ti/ | saraswati | /sa.ɾaʒ.ˈva.tʃi/ | saraswati | Saraswati, Hindu goddess |
| /ˈro.ti/ | roti | /ˈʁɔ.tʃi/ | roti | roti, flatbread |
| /ˈdo.ti/ | dhoti | /ˈdɔ.tʃi/ | dhoti | dhoti, Indian garment |
| /ko.ˈjo.te/ | coyote | /ko.ˈjɔ.tʃi/ | coiote | coyote |
| /ko.ˈjo.te/ | coyote | /kuj.ˈɔ.tʃi/ | coyote | coyote |
| /pe.ˈjo.te/ | peyote | /pe.ˈjɔ.tʃi/ | peiote | peyote |
| /pe.ˈjo.te/ | peyote | /pɛj.ˈɔ.tʃi/ | peyote | peyote |
| /ˈʃan.ti/ | shanti | /ˈʃɐ̃.tʃi/ | shanti | shanti, peace |
| /es.ˈβas.ti.ka/ | esvástica | /ˈswaʃ.tʃi.kɐ/ | suástica | esvástica |
→ /t/⟨t⟩ · 19
outcome/t/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈte.xa/ | teja | /ˈte.ʎɐ/ | telha | roof tile |
| /me.ˈteɾ/ | meter | /me.ˈteʁ/ | meter | to put |
| /ˈteɾ.sjo/ | tercio | /ˈteʁ.su/ | terço | third |
| /beɾ.ˈteɾ/ | verter | /veʁ.ˈteʁ/ | verter | to pour, shed |
| /ja.ma.ˈti.βo/ | llamativo | /ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈti.vu/ | chamativo | eye-catching, attention-grabbing |
| /ˈte.la/ | tela | /ˈtej.ɐ/ | teia | cloth |
| /ˈte.la/ | tela | /ˈtɛ.lɐ/ | tela | cloth |
| /ˈte.tʃo/ | techo | /ˈtej.tu/ | teito | roof |
| /ˈtes.ta/ | testa | /ˈtɛʃ.tɐ/ | testa | head ≠ forehead |
| /ˈteks.to/ | texto | /ˈtɛjʃ.tu/ | texto | text |
| /ˈtem.plo/ | templo | /ˈtẽ.plu/ | templo | temple |
| /se.ˈten.ta/ | setenta | /se.ˈtẽ.tɐ/ | setenta | seventy |
| /a.ten.ˈsjon/ | atención | /a.ten.ˈsɐ̃w/ | atenção | attention |
| /kas.ˈti.jo/ | castillo | /kaʃ.ˈtɛ.lu/ | castelo | castle |
| /ˈto.tem/ | totem | /ˈto.tẽj/ | totem | tótem, kinship symbol |
| /ˈto.tem/ | tótem | /ˈto.tẽj/ | totem | tótem |
| /ˈta.te.ma.e/ | tatemae | /ˈta.te.ma.i/ | tatemae | tatemae, public face |
| /ˈka.ɾa.te/ | kárate | /ka.ɾa.ˈte/ | caratê | karate |
| /ʃtetl/ | shtetl | /ʃtɛtw/ | shtetl | shtetl, Jewish small town |
/tʃ/⟨ch⟩ → /t/32 pairs
source/tʃ/ /tʃ/
→ /t/⟨t⟩ · 24
outcome/t/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈdi.tʃa/ | dicha | /ˈdʒi.tɐ/ | dita | said (f.) |
| /fɾe.ˈtʃo/ | frecho | /ˈfɾej.tu/ | freito | broken |
| /lu.ˈtʃaɾ/ | luchar | /lu.ˈtaʁ/ | lutar | to fight |
| /di.ˈtʃa.ða/ | dichada | /dʒi.ˈta.dɐ/ | ditada | dictated |
| /e.ˈtʃu.ɾa/ | hechura | /fej.ˈtu.ɾɐ/ | feitura | making, creation |
| /le.ˈtʃa.ðo/ | lechado | /lej.ˈta.du/ | leitado | milked ≠ suckled |
| /di.tʃa.ˈðoɾ/ | dichador | /dʒi.ta.ˈdoʁ/ | ditador | speaker ≠ dictator |
| /es.ku.ˈtʃaɾ/ | escuchar | /eʃ.ku.ˈtaʁ/ | escutar | to listen |
| /di.ˈtʃaɾ/ | dichar | /dʒi.ˈtaʁ/ | ditar | to dictate, say (archaic) |
| /ˈo.tʃo/ | ocho | /ˈoj.tu/ | oito | eight |
| /ˈko.tʃa/ | cocha | /ˈkoj.tɐ/ | coita | cooked |
| /ˈe.tʃa/ | hecha | /ˈfej.tɐ/ | feita | done |
| /ˈle.tʃa/ | lecha | /ˈlej.tɐ/ | leita | read |
| /ˈle.tʃo/ | lecho | /ˈlej.tu/ | leito | bed |
| /ˈno.tʃe/ | noche | /ˈõ.tẽj/ | ontem | night ≠ yesterday |
| /ˈpe.tʃo/ | pecho | /ˈpej.tu/ | peito | chest |
| /ˈte.tʃo/ | techo | /ˈtej.tu/ | teito | roof |
| /ˈtɾe.tʃo/ | trecho | /ˈtɾej.tu/ | treito | stretch ≠ drawn |
| /de.ˈɾe.tʃa/ | derecha | /dʒi.ˈɾej.tɐ/ | direita | right |
| /o.ˈtʃen.ta/ | ochenta | /oj.ˈtẽ.tɐ/ | oitenta | eighty |
| /di.ˈtʃan.do/ | dichando | /dʒi.ˈtɐ̃.du/ | ditando | dictating |
| /es.ˈtɾe.tʃa/ | estrecha | /eʃ.ˈtɾej.tɐ/ | estreita | tight, narrow |
| /le.ˈtʃan.te/ | lechante | /lej.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | leitante | suckling |
| /di.ˈtʃan.te/ | dichante | /dʒi.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/ | ditante | dictating (archaic) |
→ /ʃ/⟨ch⟩ · 4
outcome/ʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈli.tʃi/ | lichi | /ˈli.ʃi.ɐ/ | lichia | lichi |
| /ˈtʃi.tʃa/ | chicha | /ˈʃi.ʃa/ | chicha | chicha |
| /ˈʃo.tʃu/ | shochu | /ˈʃɔ.ʃu/ | shochu | shochu, distilled spirit |
| /ko.tʃu.ˈdʒan/ | gochujang | /ko.ʃu.ˈdʒɐ̃/ | gochujang | gochujang, chili paste |
→ /tʃ/⟨t⟩ · 2
outcome/tʃ/ /tʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈle.tʃe/ | leche | /ˈlej.tʃi/ | leite | milk |
| /ˈno.tʃe/ | noche | /ˈnoj.tʃi/ | noite | night |
→ /tʃ/⟨ch⟩ · 1
outcome/tʃ/ /tʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /kom.ˈbu.tʃa/ | kombucha | /kõ.ˈbu.tʃɐ/ | kombucha | kombucha |
→ /u/⟨u⟩ · 1
outcome
/u/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈke.tʃup/ | kétchup | /ˈkɛ.tʃu.pi/ | ketchup | ketchup |
/tʃ/⟨ch, c, jj, q⟩ → /ʃ/31 pairs
source/tʃ/ /tʃ/
→ /ʃ/⟨ch⟩ · word initial, before /i/ · 5
outcome/ʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈtʃi.no/ | chino | /ˈʃi.nu/ | chino | Chinese |
| /tʃit/ | chit | /ʃit/ | chit | chit, consciousness |
| /ˈtʃi.tʃa/ | chicha | /ˈʃi.ʃa/ | chicha | chicha |
| /tʃin.ˈtʃi.ja/ | chinchilla | /ʃin.ˈʃi.lɐ/ | chinchila | chinchilla |
| /tʃi.ˈmek/ | chimaek | /ʃi.ˈmɛk/ | chimaek | chimaek, chicken-and-beer |
→ /tʃ/⟨ch⟩ · word initial, before /i/ · 1
outcome/tʃ/ /tʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈtʃi.le/ | chile | /ˈtʃi.li/ | chile | chili pepper |
→ /∅⟨c⟩/⟨c⟩ · word initial, before /i/ · 1
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈtʃi.ta/ | citta | /ˈitʃ.tɐ/ | citta | citta, mind / consciousness |
→ /ʃ/⟨jj⟩ · word initial, before /i/ · 1
outcome/ʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈtʃi.ɣe/ | jjigae | /ˈʃi.gi/ | jjigae | jjigae, Korean stew |
→ /tʃ/⟨q⟩ · word initial, before /i/ · 1
outcome/tʃ/ /tʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /tʃi.ˈɣoŋ/ | qigong | /tʃi.ˈgõ/ | qigong | qigong |
→ /ʃ/⟨ch⟩ · word initial, not before /i/ · 12
outcome/ʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈtʃu.ro/ | churro | /ˈʃu.ʁu/ | churro | fried dough pastry |
| /tʃam.ˈpan/ | champan | /ʃɐ̃.ˈpɐ.ɲi/ | champanhe | champagne |
| /tʃaj/ | chai | /ʃaj/ | chai | chai, spiced tea |
| /ˈtʃu.ɲo/ | chuño | /ˈʃu.ɲu/ | chunho | chuño (freeze-dried potato) |
| /ˈtʃe.βol/ | chaebol | /ˈʃe.bɔw/ | chaebol | chaebol, Korean conglomerate |
| /tʃa.ˈpa.ti/ | chapati | /ʃa.ˈpa.tʃi/ | chapati | chapati, flatbread |
| /ˈtʃa.su.ke/ | chazuke | /ˈʃa.zu.ki/ | chazuke | chazuke, rice with tea |
| /tʃut.ˈnej/ | chutney | /ʃut.ˈnej/ | chutney | chutney, Indian condiment |
| /tʃo.ko.ˈla.te/ | chocolate | /ʃo.ko.ˈla.tʃi/ | chocolate | chocolate |
| /tʃam.ˈpu/ | champú | /ʃɐ̃.ˈpo/ | champô | shampoo |
| /ˈtʃan.dɾa/ | chandra | /ˈʃɐ̃.dɾɐ/ | chandra | Chandra, Hindu moon god |
| /tʃa.ˈɾan.go/ | charango | /ʃa.ˈɾã.go/ | charango | charango |
→ /tʃ/⟨ch⟩ · word initial, not before /i/ · 1
outcome/tʃ/ /tʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈtʃa.kɾa/ | chakra | /ˈtʃa.kɾɐ/ | chakra | chakra |
→ /ʃ/⟨ch⟩ · not word initial · 4
outcome/ʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /glitʃ/ | glitch | /gliʃ/ | glitch | glitch, malfunction |
| /ˈpon.tʃo/ | poncho | /ˈpon.ʃo/ | poncho | poncho |
| /tʃin.ˈtʃi.ja/ | chinchilla | /ʃin.ˈʃi.lɐ/ | chinchila | chinchilla |
| /ˈxap.tʃe/ | japchae | /ʒap.ˈʃe/ | japchae | japchae, Korean glass noodles |
→ /tʃ/⟨ch⟩ · not word initial · 3
outcome/tʃ/ /tʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈkim.tʃi/ | kimchi | /ˈkim.tʃi/ | kimchi | kimchi |
| /ˈsen.tʃa/ | sencha | /ˈsẽ.tʃɐ/ | sencha | sencha, green tea |
| /ban.ˈtʃan/ | banchan | /bɐ̃.ˈtʃɐ̃/ | banchan | banchan, Korean side dishes |
→ /ʃ/⟨s⟩ · not word initial · 1
outcome/ʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /kitʃ/ | kitsch | /kiʃ/ | kitsch | kitsch |
→ /ʃ/⟨sch⟩ · not word initial · 1
outcome/ʃ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /mentʃ/ | mensch | /mẽʃ/ | mensch | mensch, decent person |
/ɣ, g, ŋg/⟨g, gu, ng, gh⟩ → /g/188 pairs
source
/ɣ/ 
/g/ 
/ŋ/ /g/
→ /g/⟨g⟩ · 174
outcome/g/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈa.ɣɾo/ | agro | /ˈa.gɾu/ | agro | field (literary) |
| /ˈal.ɣo/ | algo | /ˈaw.gu/ | algo | something |
| /ˈga.ta/ | gata | /ˈga.tɐ/ | gata | female cat |
| /ˈi.ɣo/ | higo | /ˈfi.gu/ | figo | fig |
| /ˈla.ɣo/ | lago | /ˈla.gu/ | lago | lake |
| /a.ˈɣu.ða/ | aguda | /a.ˈgu.dɐ/ | aguda | sharp |
| /a.ˈɣu.xa/ | aguja | /a.ˈgu.ʎɐ/ | agulha | needle |
| /a.ˈmi.ɣa/ | amiga | /ɐ.ˈmi.gɐ/ | amiga | friend |
| /ˈdiɣ.no/ | digno | /ˈdʒig.nu/ | digno | worthy |
| /ˈga.jo/ | gallo | /ˈga.lu/ | galo | rooster |
| /ga.ˈnaɾ/ | ganar | /gɐ.ˈɲaʁ/ | ganhar | to gain |
| /ˈgɾa.ta/ | grata | /ˈgɾa.tɐ/ | grata | grateful (f.) |
| /ˈgɾa.βe/ | grave | /ˈgɾa.vi/ | grave | heavy, serious |
| /xu.ˈɣaɾ/ | jugar | /ʒu.ˈgaʁ/ | jogar | to play |
| /ˈlaɾ.ɣa/ | larga | /ˈlaʁ.gɐ/ | larga | wide |
| /le.ˈɣal/ | legal | /le.ˈgaw/ | legal | legal |
| /ˈja.ɣa/ | llaga | /ˈʃa.gɐ/ | chaga | wound |
| /lu.ˈɣaɾ/ | lugar | /lu.ˈgaʁ/ | lugar | place |
| /ˈmaɣ.na/ | magna | /ˈmag.nɐ/ | magna | great (f.) |
| /ˈma.ɣɾa/ | magra | /ˈma.gɾɐ/ | magra | thin |
| /ne.ˈɣaɾ/ | negar | /ne.ˈgaʁ/ | negar | to deny |
| /ˈne.ɣɾa/ | negra | /ˈne.gɾɐ/ | negra | black |
| /pa.ˈɣaɾ/ | pagar | /pa.ˈgaʁ/ | pagar | to pay |
| /ro.ˈɣaɾ/ | rogar | /ʁo.ˈgaʁ/ | rogar | to beg, plead |
| /sa.ˈɣas/ | sagaz | /sa.ˈgaʃ/ | sagaz | sagacious, shrewd |
| /se.ˈɣaɾ/ | segar | /se.ˈgaʁ/ | segar | to cut, harvest |
| /ˈsiɣ.no/ | signo | /ˈsig.nu/ | signo | sign |
| /ba.ˈɣaɾ/ | vagar | /va.ˈgaʁ/ | vagar | to wander |
| /ˈbeɾ.ɣa/ | verga | /ˈveʁ.gɐ/ | verga | rod, switch |
| /bi.ˈɣoɾ/ | vigor | /vi.ˈgoʁ/ | vigor | vigor, strength |
| /a.ˈɣos.ta/ | agosta | /a.ˈgoʃ.tɐ/ | agosta | august (f.) |
| /a.ˈmaɾ.ɣa/ | amarga | /ɐ.ˈmaʁ.gɐ/ | amarga | bitter (f.) |
| /fi.ˈɣu.ɾa/ | figura | /fi.ˈgu.ɾɐ/ | figura | figure, shape |
| /le.ˈɣa.ða/ | legada | /le.ˈga.dɐ/ | legada | tied (f.) |
| /je.ˈɣaɾ/ | llegar | /ʃe.ˈgaʁ/ | chegar | to arrive |
| /ne.ˈɣa.ða/ | negada | /ne.ˈga.dɐ/ | negada | denied (f.) |
| /pa.ˈɣa.ða/ | pagada | /pa.ˈga.dɐ/ | pagada | paid (f.) |
| /ro.ˈɣa.ða/ | rogada | /ʁu.ˈga.dɐ/ | rogada | asked, begged (f.) |
| /ru.ˈɣo.so/ | rugoso | /ʁu.ˈgo.zu/ | rugoso | wrinkled, rugged |
| /se.ˈɣa.ða/ | segada | /se.ˈga.dɐ/ | segada | mowed, harvested (f.) |
| /se.ˈɣu.ɾa/ | segura | /se.ˈgu.ɾɐ/ | segura | sure, safe |
| /ba.ˈɣa.ða/ | vagada | /va.ˈga.dɐ/ | vagada | wandered (f.) |
| /a.laɾ.ˈɣaɾ/ | alargar | /a.laʁ.ˈgaʁ/ | alargar | to lengthen ≠ to widen |
| /an.ˈti.ɣwa/ | antigua | /ɐ̃.ˈtʃi.gɐ/ | antiga | ancient (f.) |
| /kon.ˈmi.ɣo/ | conmigo | /ko.ˈmi.gu/ | comigo | with me |
| /kon.ˈsi.ɣo/ | consigo | /ko.ˈzi.gu/ | consigo | with him/herself |
| /kon.ˈti.ɣo/ | contigo | /ko.ˈtʃi.gu/ | contigo | with you |
| /glo.ˈβo.so/ | globoso | /glu.ˈbo.zu/ | globoso | globular |
| /gus.ˈto.so/ | gustoso | /guʃ.ˈto.zu/ | gostoso | tasty |
| /oɾ.ˈmi.ɣa/ | hormiga | /fuʁ.ˈmi.gɐ/ | formiga | ant |
| /i.ˈɣle.sja/ | iglesia | /i.ˈgɾe.ʒɐ/ | igreja | church |
| /le.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/ | legador | /le.ga.ˈdoʁ/ | legador | binder, bequeather |
| /je.ˈɣa.ða/ | llegada | /ʃe.ˈga.dɐ/ | chegada | arrival, arrived (f.) |
| /ˈla.ɣɾi.ma/ | lágrima | /ˈla.gɾi.mɐ/ | lágrima | tear |
| /men.ˈdi.ɣo/ | mendigo | /mẽ.ˈdʒi.gu/ | mendigo | beggar |
| /ne.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/ | negador | /ne.ga.ˈdoʁ/ | negador | denier |
| /pa.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/ | pagador | /pa.ga.ˈdoʁ/ | pagador | payer |
| /ro.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/ | rogador | /ʁo.ga.ˈdoʁ/ | rogador | asker, supplicant |
| /se.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/ | segador | /se.ga.ˈdoʁ/ | segador | reaper, harvester |
| /ba.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/ | vagador | /va.ga.ˈdoʁ/ | vagador | wanderer (rare) |
| /a.laɾ.ˈɣa.ða/ | alargada | /a.laʁ.ˈga.dɐ/ | alargada | lengthened ≠ widened |
| /en.tɾe.ˈɣaɾ/ | entregar | /ẽ.tɾe.ˈgaʁ/ | entregar | to hand over |
| /glo.ˈɾjo.sa/ | gloriosa | /glu.ˈʁjo.zɐ/ | gloriosa | glorious (f.) |
| /gɾa.βe.ˈðað/ | gravedad | /gɾa.vi.ˈda.dʒi/ | gravidade | gravity, seriousness |
| /gwaɾ.ˈða.ða/ | guardada | /gwaɾ.ˈda.dɐ/ | guardada | guarded, kept (f.) |
| /a.laɾ.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/ | alargador | /a.laʁ.ga.ˈdoʁ/ | alargador | lengthener, extender |
| /gwaɾ.ða.ˈðoɾ/ | guardador | /gwɐɾ.da.ˈdoʁ/ | guardador | guardian, keeper |
| /pɾe.ɣun.ˈtaɾ/ | preguntar | /peʁ.gũ.ˈtaʁ/ | perguntar | to ask |
| /ˈgo.ta/ | gota | /ˈgɔ.tɐ/ | gota | drop |
| /ˈfwe.ɣo/ | fuego | /ˈfo.gu/ | fogo | fire |
| /ˈgam.ba/ | gamba | /ˈgɐ̃.bɐ/ | gamba | leg ≠ shrimp |
| /ˈgɾa.ðo/ | grado | /gɾaw/ | grau | step, degree |
| /ˈgɾa.no/ | grano | /gɾɐ̃w/ | grão | grain |
| /ˈgus.to/ | gusto | /ˈgoʃ.tu/ | gosto | taste |
| /ˈxwe.ɣo/ | juego | /ˈʒo.gu/ | jogo | game |
| /ˈlwe.ɣo/ | luego | /ˈlɔ.gu/ | logo | soon, then |
| /ˈre.ɣla/ | regla | /ˈʁɛ.gɾɐ/ | regra | rule |
| /al.ˈɣu.no/ | alguno | /aw.ˈgũ/ | algum | some |
| /ˈglo.ɾja/ | gloria | /ˈglɔ.ʁja/ | glória | glory |
| /ˈgɾan.de/ | grande | /ˈgɾɐ̃.dʒi/ | grande | big |
| /ˈgɾwe.sa/ | gruesa | /ˈgɾɔ.sɐ/ | grossa | thick, big |
| /ˈleŋ.gwa/ | lengua | /ˈlĩ.gwɐ/ | língua | tongue, language |
| /pa.ˈɣa.na/ | pagana | /pa.ˈgɐ.nɐ/ | pagana | pagan |
| /do.ˈmiŋ.go/ | domingo | /du.ˈmĩ.gu/ | domingo | Sunday |
| /ga.ˈji.na/ | gallina | /ga.ˈlĩ.ɲɐ/ | galinha | hen |
| /xi.ˈɣan.te/ | gigante | /ʒi.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | gigante | giant |
| /ne.ˈɣan.do/ | negando | /ne.ˈgɐ̃.du/ | negando | denying |
| /ne.ˈɣan.te/ | negante | /ne.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | negante | denying |
| /pa.ˈɣan.do/ | pagando | /pa.ˈgɐ̃.du/ | pagando | paying |
| /pa.ˈɣan.te/ | pagante | /pa.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | pagante | paying |
| /ro.ˈɣan.do/ | rogando | /ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.du/ | rogando | asking, begging |
| /ro.ˈɣan.te/ | rogante | /ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | rogante | asking, petitioner |
| /se.ˈɣan.do/ | segando | /se.ˈgɐ̃.du/ | segando | mowing |
| /se.ˈɣun.da/ | segunda | /se.ˈgũ.dɐ/ | segunda | second |
| /ba.ˈɣan.do/ | vagando | /va.ˈgɐ̃.du/ | vagando | wandering |
| /ba.ˈɣan.te/ | vagante | /va.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | vagante | wandering, vagrant |
| /e.le.ˈɣan.te/ | elegante | /e.le.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | elegante | elegant |
| /a.laɾ.ˈɣan.do/ | alargando | /a.laʁ.ˈgɐ̃.du/ | alargando | lengthening ≠ widening |
| /a.laɾ.ˈɣan.te/ | alargante | /a.laʁ.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/ | alargante | lengthening ≠ widening |
| /gwaɾ.ˈðan.do/ | guardando | /gwaɾ.ˈdɐ̃.du/ | guardando | guarding |
| /gwaɾ.ˈðan.te/ | guardante | /gwaɾ.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/ | guardante | guarding |
| /al.ˈɣun/ | algún | /aw.ˈgũ/ | algum | some (apocopated prenominal form of alguno) |
| /ˈlweŋ.go/ | luengo | /ˈlõ.gu/ | longo | long (archaic) |
| /le.ˈɣan.do/ | legando | /le.ˈgɐ̃.du/ | legando | binding (gerund; archaic) |
| /a.ˈɣa/ | agá | /a.ˈga/ | agá | agá |
| /gul/ | gul | /guw/ | gul | gul |
| /ˈda.ɣa/ | daga | /ˈda.gɐ/ | daga | dagger |
| /gɾis/ | gris | /gɾiʃ/ | gris | gray |
| /a.ˈðaɾ.ɣa/ | adarga | /a.ˈdaʁ.gɐ/ | adarga | small leather shield |
| /al.ˈma.gɾe/ | almagre | /aw.ˈma.gɾi/ | almagre | red ochre |
| /gwaɾ.ˈðaɾ/ | guardar | /gwaɾ.ˈdaʁ/ | guardar | to keep, guard |
| /ˈbuɾ.ɣo/ | burgo | /ˈbuʁ.gu/ | burgo | town (archaic, retained in placenames) |
| /ˈgan.so/ | ganso | /ˈgɐ̃.zu/ | ganso | goose |
| /ˈtɾe.ɣwa/ | tregua | /ˈtɾɛ.gwɐ/ | trégua | truce |
| /al.go.ˈðon/ | algodón | /aw.gu.ˈdɐ̃w/ | algodão | cotton |
| /ˈfu.ɣu/ | fugu | /ˈfu.gu/ | fugu | fugu, pufferfish |
| /ˈge.ta/ | geta | /ˈge.tɐ/ | geta | geta, Japanese clogs |
| /ˈgu.na/ | guna | /ˈgu.nɐ/ | guna | guna, attribute / quality |
| /gu.ˈɾu/ | gurú | /gu.ˈɾu/ | guru | guru |
| /i.ˈɣlu/ | iglú | /i.ˈglu/ | iglu | igloo |
| /ˈra.ɣa/ | raga | /ˈʁa.gɐ/ | raga | raga |
| /ˈsa.ɣo/ | sago | /ˈsa.gu/ | sago | sago, palm starch |
| /sa.ˈɣu/ | sagu | /sa.ˈgu/ | sagu | sagú, palm starch |
| /ˈju.ɣa/ | yuga | /ˈju.gɐ/ | yuga | yuga, cosmic age |
| /eɣ.ˈjo/ | aegyo | /eg.ˈjo/ | aegyo | aegyo |
| /ˈduɾ.ga/ | durga | /ˈduʁ.gɐ/ | durga | Durga, Hindu goddess |
| /ˈgo.an/ | gohan | /ˈgo.ɐ̃/ | gohan | gohan, cooked rice |
| /ˈgo.lem/ | golem | /ˈgo.lẽ/ | golem | golem |
| /ˈxa.ɣat/ | jagat | /ʒa.ˈgat/ | jagat | jagat, the world |
| /ˈla.ɣeɾ/ | lager | /ˈla.geʁ/ | lager | lager, bottom-fermented beer |
| /ˈmaŋ.ga/ | manga | /mɐ̃.ˈga/ | mangá | manga (Japanese comic) |
| /o.ˈa.ɣi/ | ohagi | /o.ˈa.gi/ | ohagi | ohagi, sweet rice ball |
| /jo.ˈɣuɾ/ | yogur | /jo.ˈguʁ.tʃi/ | iogurte | yogur |
| /glitʃ/ | glitch | /gliʃ/ | glitch | glitch, malfunction |
| /goŋ.ˈfu/ | gongfu | /gõ.ˈfu/ | gongfu | kung fu |
| /gu.ˈlaʃ/ | gulash | /gu.ˈla.ʃi/ | gulache | gulash |
| /gu.ˈlaʃ/ | gulash | /gu.ˈlaʃ/ | gulash | gulash |
| /i.ki.ˈɣa.i/ | ikigai | /i.ki.ˈga.i/ | ikigai | ikigai, "reason for being" |
| /xa.ˈɣwaɾ/ | jaguar | /ʒa.ˈgwaʁ/ | jaguar | jaguar |
| /ˈtʃi.ɣe/ | jjigae | /ˈʃi.gi/ | jjigae | jjigae, Korean stew |
| /ni.ˈɣi.ɾi/ | nigiri | /ni.ˈgi.ɾi/ | nigiri | nigiri, hand-pressed sushi |
| /ˈra.ku.ɣo/ | rakugo | /ˈʁa.ku.gu/ | rakugo | rakugo, comic storytelling |
| /bul.ˈgo.ɣi/ | bulgogi | /buw.ˈgo.gi/ | bulgogi | bulgogi, grilled beef |
| /ga.ˈne.ʃa/ | ganesha | /gɐ.ˈne.ʃɐ/ | ganesha | Ganesha, Hindu deity |
| /ka.ˈɾa.a.ɣe/ | karaage | /ka.ˈɾa.a.gi/ | karaage | karaage |
| /o.ni.ˈɣi.ɾi/ | onigiri | /o.ni.ˈgi.ɾi/ | onigiri | onigiri |
| /wa.ˈɣa.ʃi/ | wagashi | /wɐ.ˈga.ʃi/ | wagashi | wagashi |
| /glas.ˈnost/ | glasnost | /glaʒ.ˈnoʃt/ | glasnost | glasnost |
| /ka.ˈki.ɣo.ɾi/ | kakigori | /ka.ˈki.go.ɾi/ | kakigori | kakigori, shaved ice |
| /baj.ˈɾag.ja/ | vairagya | /vaj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/ | vairagya | vairagya, dispassion |
| /goŋ/ | gong | /gõ/ | gong | gong, struck percussion |
| /ˈsa.ɣo/ | sago | /sa.ˈgu/ | sagu | sago, palm starch |
| /sa.ˈɣu/ | sagu | /ˈsa.gu/ | sago | sagú, palm starch |
| /ˈjo.ɣa/ | yoga | /ˈjɔ.gɐ/ | ioga | yoga |
| /ˈdaŋ.go/ | dango | /ˈdɐ̃.gu/ | dango | dango, rice dumpling |
| /ˈgaŋ.ga/ | ganga | /ˈgɐ̃.gɐ/ | ganga | Ganga, Hindu goddess of the Ganges |
| /ˈgjo.sa/ | gyoza | /ˈgjɔ.zɐ/ | gyoza | gyoza, fried dumpling |
| /ˈxeŋ.ga/ | jenga | /ˈʒẽ.gɐ/ | jenga | jenga |
| /ˈmaŋ.go/ | mango | /ˈmɐ̃.gɐ/ | manga | mango |
| /ˈʃo.ɣi/ | shogi | /ˈʃɔ.gi/ | shogi | shogi, Japanese chess |
| /ˈaŋ.gul/ | hangul | /ˈɐ̃.guw/ | hangul | hangul |
| /i.ˈɣwa.na/ | iguana | /i.ˈgwɐ.nɐ/ | iguana | iguana |
| /ˈxuŋ.gla/ | jungla | /ˈʒɐ̃.gaw/ | jângal | jungla |
| /po.ˈgɾom/ | pogrom | /po.ˈgɾɔm/ | pogrom | pogrom, organized massacre |
| /tʃi.ˈɣoŋ/ | qigong | /tʃi.ˈgõ/ | qigong | qigong |
| /ʃo.ˈɣun/ | shogun | /ʃo.ˈgũ/ | xogum | shogún, military dictator |
| /wi.ˈgwam/ | wigwam | /wi.ˈgwɐ̃/ | wigwam | wigwam |
| /o.ɾi.ˈɣa.mi/ | origami | /o.ɾi.ˈgɐ.mi/ | origami | origami |
| /pje.ˈɾo.ɣi/ | pierogi | /pje.ˈɾɔ.gi/ | pierogi | pierogi |
| /po.ˈgɾo.mo/ | pogromo | /po.ˈgɾɔm/ | pogrom | pogromo |
| /buŋ.ˈga.lo/ | bungalow | /bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/ | bangalo | bungalow, single-story house |
| /tʃa.ˈɾan.go/ | charango | /ʃa.ˈɾã.go/ | charango | charango |
| /gwa.ka.ˈmo.le/ | guacamole | /gwa.kɐ.ˈmɔ.li/ | guacamole | guacamole |
| /o.ɾaŋ.gu.ˈtan/ | orangután | /o.ɾɐ̃.go.ˈtɐ̃.gu/ | orangotango | orangutan |
→ /g/⟨gu⟩ · 5
outcome/g/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈsaŋ.gɾe/ | sangre | /ˈsɐ̃.gi/ | sangue | blood |
| /ˈgi.sa/ | guisa | /ˈgi.zɐ/ | guisa | guisa, manner |
| /gi.ˈsaɾ/ | guisar | /gi.ˈzaʁ/ | guisar | to cook |
| /ˈge.ra/ | guerra | /ˈgɛ.ʁɐ/ | guerra | war |
| /ˈge.i.ʃa/ | geisha | /ˈge.i.ʃɐ/ | gueixa | geisha, traditional entertainer |
→ /ʒ/⟨g⟩ · 3
outcome
/ʒ/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /kin.ˈtsu.ɣi/ | kintsugi | /kĩ.ˈtsu.ʒi/ | kintsugi | kintsugi, golden-joinery repair |
| /ˈjo.ɣi/ | yogi | /ˈjɔ.ʒi/ | yogi | yogui, yoga practitioner |
| /ba.ˈɣel/ | bagel | /ba.ˈʒɛw/ | bagel | bagel |
→ /ɡ/⟨g⟩ · 2
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /mi.ˈla.ɣɾo/ | milagro | /mi.ˈla.ɡɾi/ | milagre | miracle |
| /pe.ˈli.ɣɾo/ | peligro | /pe.ˈɾi.ɡu/ | perigo | danger |
→ /f/⟨f⟩ · 1
outcome
/f/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/ | algarroba | /aw.fa.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/ | alfarroba | carob |
→ /k/⟨k⟩ · 1
outcome
/k/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /goŋ.ˈfu/ | gongfu | /kuŋ.ˈfu/ | kung-fu | kung fu |
→ /g/⟨gh⟩ · 1
outcome/g/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈsaŋ.ga/ | sangha | /ˈsɐ̃.gɐ/ | sangha | sangha, Buddhist community |
→ /k/⟨c⟩ · 1
outcome/k/
| ES IPA | Spanish | PT IPA | Portuguese | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ˈsi.glo/ | siglo | /ˈsɛ.ku.lu/ | século | century |