B-v-r-and-silent

This chapter in the Iberian edition: Chapter 4a.5

685 cognate pairs

/∅⟨h⟩, f/⟨h, v, ph⟩ → /∅⟨h⟩, f, ∅, v/128 pairs

source

→ /∅⟨h⟩/⟨h⟩ · 87

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈβeɾ/	haber	/a.ˈveʁ/	haver	to have
/o.ˈnoɾ/	honor	/o.ˈnoʁ/	honor	honor
/on.ˈɾaɾ/	honrar	/õ.ˈɾaʁ/	honrar	to honor
/o.ˈroɾ/	horror	/o.ˈʁoʁ/	horror	horror
/eɾ.ˈβo.so/	herboso	/eʁ.ˈbo.zu/	herboso	grassy
/on.ˈɾa.ða/	honrada	/õ.ˈɾa.dɐ/	honrada	honored (f.)
/o.no.ˈɾo.so/	honoroso	/u.nu.ˈɾo.zu/	honoroso	honorable
/on.ɾa.ˈðoɾ/	honrador	/õ.ɾa.ˈdoʁ/	honrador	honorer
/u.ma.ni.ˈðað/	humanidad	/u.mɐ.ni.ˈda.dʒi/	humanidade	humanity
/oj/	hoy	/ˈo.ʒi/	hoje	today
/ˈo.ɾa/	hora	/ˈɔ.ɾɐ/	hora	hour
/ˈom.bɾe/	hombre	/ˈɔ.mẽj/	homem	man
/ˈweɾ.to/	huerto	/ˈoʁ.tu/	horto	garden, orchard
/ˈwes.te/	hueste	/ˈɔʃ.tʃi/	hoste	army, host
/u.ˈma.na/	humana	/u.ˈmɐ.nɐ/	humana	human (f.)
/is.ˈpa.na/	hispana	/iʃ.ˈpɐ.nɐ/	hispana	Hispanic, Spanish
/is.ˈto.ɾja/	historia	/iʃ.ˈtɔ.ʁjɐ/	história	story
/on.ˈɾan.do/	honrando	/õ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	honrando	honoring
/on.ˈɾan.te/	honrante	/õ.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	honrante	honoring
/a.ˈðis/	hadiz	/a.ˈdʒi.tʃi/	hadite	hadiz
/a.ˈlal/	halal	/a.ˈlaw/	halal	halal
/i.ˈjab/	hiyab	/i.ˈʒab/	hijab	hiyab
/ˈu.mus/	humus	/ˈu.muʃ/	húmus	humus
/ji.ˈad/	yihad	/ʒi.ˈad/	jihad	yihad
/a.ˈtʃis/	hachís	/a.ˈʃi.ʃi/	haxixe	hachís
/ˈsa.a.ɾa/	sahara	/ˈsa.a.ɾɐ/	sahara	Sáhara, desert
/a.ˈɾi.sa/	harissa	/a.ˈɾi.sɐ/	harissa	harissa, chili paste
/a.ˈɾam/	haram	/a.ˈɾɐ̃/	haram	haram
/ˈe.xi.ɾa/	hégira	/ˈɛ.ʒi.ɾɐ/	hégira	Hijra
/ta.ˈi.ni/	tahini	/ta.ˈĩ.ni/	tahine	tahini
/ˈa.am/	aham	/ˈa.ɐ̃/	aham	aham, the self
/ˈa.ka/	haka	/ˈa.kɐ/	haka	haka
/ˈu.la/	hula	/ˈu.lɐ/	hula	hula, Hawaiian dance
/a.ˈlo.a/	aloha	/a.ˈlo.ɐ/	aloha	aloha
/ˈba.xi/	bhaji	/ˈba.ʒi/	bhaji	bhaji, vegetable fritter
/ˈbu.mi/	bhumi	/ˈbu.mi/	bhumi	bhumi, earth, ground
/ˈbo.ði/	bodhi	/ˈbo.dʒi/	bodhi	bodhi
/ˈgo.an/	gohan	/ˈgo.ɐ̃/	gohan	gohan, cooked rice
/ˈa.i.ku/	haiku	/ˈa.i.ku/	haiku	haiku, short poem
/ˈal.βa/	halva	/ˈaw.vɐ/	halva	halva
/ˈa.ʃi/	hashi	/ˈa.ʃi/	hashi	hashi, chopsticks
/o.ˈa.ɣi/	ohagi	/o.ˈa.gi/	ohagi	ohagi, sweet rice ball
/ˈsa.ðu/	sadhu	/ˈsa.du/	sadhu	sadhu, Hindu holy man
/sa.ˈib/	sahib	/sa.ˈib/	sahib	sahib
/ˈsu.ka/	sukha	/ˈsu.kɐ/	sukha	sukha, happiness
/ˈsβa.a/	svaha	/ˈʒva.ɐ/	svaha	svaha, ritual mantra ending
/ˈto.ɾa/	torah	/ˈto.ɾɐ/	torah	Torá, Hebrew law
/u.ˈu.ɾu/	uhuru	/u.ˈu.ɾu/	uhuru	uhuru
/a.ˈim.sa/	ahimsa	/a.ˈim.sɐ/	ahimsa	ahimsa
/a.ˈli.ja/	aliyah	/a.ˈli.jɐ/	aliyah	aliyah, immigration to Israel
/ˈbak.ta/	bhakta	/ˈbak.tɐ/	bhakta	bhakta, devotee
/ˈbak.ti/	bhakti	/ˈbak.tʃi/	bhakti	bhakti, Hindu devotion
/ˈbu.ði/	buddhi	/ˈbu.dʒi/	buddhi	buddhi, intellect
/ˈdaɾ.ma/	dharma	/ˈdaʁ.mɐ/	dharma	dharma
/ˈdu.ka/	dukkha	/ˈdu.kɐ/	dukkha	dukkha, Buddhist suffering
/ˈu.ka/	hookah	/ˈu.kɐ/	hookah	hookah, water pipe
/ka.ˈu.na/	kahuna	/ka.ˈu.nɐ/	kahuna	kahuna, Hawaiian priest
/ma.ˈa.lo/	mahalo	/ma.ˈa.lu/	mahalo	mahalo, thank you
/i.ˈβa.tʃi/	hibachi	/i.ˈba.tʃi/	hibachi	hibachi
/ma.ˈat.ma/	mahatma	/ma.ˈat.mɐ/	mahatma	mahatma, great soul
/me.no.ˈɾa/	menorah	/me.no.ˈɾa/	menorah	menorah, Hebrew candelabrum
/mits.ˈba/	mitzvah	/mits.ˈva/	mitzvah	mitzvah, commandment
/pa.ˈɾa.ta/	paratha	/pa.ˈɾa.tɐ/	paratha	paratha, flatbread
/sa.ˈma.ði/	samadhi	/sɐ.ˈma.dʒi/	samadhi	samadhi, meditative absorption
/a.ˈu.ʃa.ði/	aushadhi	/a.ˈu.ʃa.dʒi/	aushadhi	aushadhi, medicinal herb
/ˈxuts.pa/	chutzpah	/ˈuts.pɐ/	chutzpah	chutzpah, audacity
/a.ɾa.ˈki.ɾi/	harakiri	/a.ɾa.ˈki.ɾi/	haraquiri	harakiri
/ma.a.ɾa.ˈxa/	maharajá	/ma.a.ɾa.ˈʒa/	maharajá	maharaja, Indian prince
/ˈdo.ti/	dhoti	/ˈdɔ.tʃi/	dhoti	dhoti, Indian garment
/ˈdo.jo/	dohyo	/ˈdɔ.ju/	dohyo	dohyo, sumo ring
/a.ˈmam/	hamam	/ɐ.ˈmɐ̃/	hamam	hamam, Turkish bath
/ˈaŋ.ko/	hanko	/ˈɐ̃.ku/	hanko	hanko, Japanese seal
/a.ˈɾen/	haren	/a.ˈɾɐ̃j/	harém	harén, women's quarters
/a.ˈɾen/	harén	/a.ˈɾɐ̃j/	harém	harem, women's quarters
/ˈo.ne/	honne	/ˈõ.ni/	honne	honne, true feelings
/ˈoɾ.ða/	horda	/ˈɔʁ.dɐ/	horda	horde
/ni.ˈon/	nihon	/ni.ˈõ/	nihon	Nihon, Japan
/o.ˈa.na/	ohana	/o.ˈɐ.nɐ/	ohana	ohana, family
/ˈbɾa.ma/	brahma	/ˈbɾɐ.mɐ/	brahma	Brahma
/a.ˈna.mi/	hanami	/ɐ.ˈnɐ.mi/	hanami	hanami, cherry blossom viewing
/an.ˈbok/	hanbok	/ɐ̃.ˈbɔk/	hanbok	hanbok, traditional Korean clothing
/ˈaŋ.gul/	hangul	/ˈɐ̃.guw/	hangul	hangul
/en.ˈta.i/	hentai	/ẽ.ˈtaj/	hentai	hentai
/ˈman.wa/	manhwa	/ˈmɐ̃w.ɐ/	manhwa	manhwa, Korean comics
/a.nu.ˈman/	hanuman	/ɐ.nu.ˈmɐ̃/	hanuman	Hanuman, monkey deity
/ma.ˈdʒaŋ/	mahjong	/ma.ˈʒɐ̃/	mahjong	mahjong, tile game
/ˈsaŋk.ja/	sankhya	/ˈsɐ̃.kjɐ/	sankhya	Samkhya, Hindu philosophical school

→ /f/⟨f⟩ · 27

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.βa/	haba	/ˈfa.vɐ/	fava	broad bean
/ˈa.ða/	hada	/ˈfa.dɐ/	fada	fairy
/ˈa.ðo/	hado	/ˈfa.du/	fado	fate
/ˈi.ɣo/	higo	/ˈfi.gu/	figo	fig
/ˈi.xa/	hija	/ˈfi.ʎɐ/	filha	daughter
/ˈi.xo/	hijo	/ˈfi.ʎu/	filho	son
/ˈi.lo/	hilo	/ˈfi.u/	fio	thread
/ˈu.mo/	humo	/ˈfu.mu/	fumo	smoke
/a.ˈseɾ/	hacer	/fa.ˈzeʁ/	fazer	to do, make
/ˈaɾ.to/	harto	/ˈfaʁ.tu/	farto	fed up, satiated
/e.ˈɾiɾ/	herir	/fe.ˈɾiʁ/	ferir	to wound
/ˈoɾ.no/	horno	/ˈfoʁ.nu/	forno	oven
/a.ˈβlaɾ/	hablar	/fa.ˈlaʁ/	falar	to speak
/aɾ.ˈtaɾ/	hartar	/faʁ.ˈtaʁ/	fartar	to fill, to satiate
/e.ˈɾi.ða/	herida	/fe.ˈɾi.dɐ/	ferida	wounded (f.), wound
/e.ˈtʃi.so/	hechizo	/fej.ˈtʃi.su/	feitiço	spell, charm
/e.ˈtʃu.ɾa/	hechura	/fej.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	feitura	making, creation
/oɾ.ˈmi.ɣa/	hormiga	/fuʁ.ˈmi.gɐ/	formiga	ant
/os/	hoz	/ˈfoj.si/	foice	sickle
/ˈe.no/	heno	/ˈfẽ.nu/	feno	hay
/ˈo.xa/	hoja	/ˈfɔ.ʎɐ/	folha	leaf
/ˈe.tʃa/	hecha	/ˈfej.tɐ/	feita	done
/eɾ.ˈβiɾ/	hervir	/feʁ.ˈveʁ/	ferver	to boil
/ˈje.ro/	hierro	/ˈfɛ.ʁu/	ferro	iron
/al.mo.ˈa.ða/	almohada	/aw.mo.ˈfa.dɐ/	almofada	pillow
/a.ˈle.ɲa/	alheña	/aw.ˈfẽ.nɐ/	alfena	henna
/u.ɾa.ˈkan/	huracán	/fu.ɾa.ˈkɐ̃w/	furacão	hurricane

→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 11

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈje.lo/	hielo	/ˈʒe.lu/	gelo	frost, ice
/ˈwe.so/	hueso	/ˈo.su/	osso	bone
/ˈwe.βo/	huevo	/ˈo.vu/	ovo	egg
/a.ˈɾi.na/	harina	/fa.ˈɾĩ.ɲɐ/	farinha	flour
/ˈjeɾ.βa/	hierba	/ˈɛʁ.vɐ/	erva	grass
/eɾ.ˈma.na/	hermana	/iʁ.ˈmɐ̃/	irmã	sister
/eɾ.ˈma.no/	hermano	/iʁ.ˈmɐ̃w/	irmão	brother
/al.mo.ˈa.sa/	almohaza	/aw.mu.ˈfa.sɐ/	almofaça	currycomb
/sa/	sah	/ʃa/	xa	shah, Persian king
/sa/	sah	/ʃa/	xá	shah, Persian king
/ma.a.ɾa.ˈxa/	maharajá	/ma.ɾa.ˈʒa/	marajá	maharaja, Indian prince

→ /g/⟨g⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈo.ɾa/	ahora	/a.ˈgɔ.ɾɐ/	agora	now

→ /v/⟨v⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/lejt.mo.ˈtif/	leitmotiv	/lejt.mo.ˈtʃiv/	leitmotiv	leitmotiv

→ /f/⟨ph⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/fo/	pho	/fɔ/	pho	pho

/β, b/⟨v⟩ → /v/216 pairs

source

→ /v/⟨v⟩ · 214

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.βe/	ave	/ˈa.vi/	ave	bird
/ˈu.βa/	uva	/ˈu.vɐ/	uva	grape
/beɾ/	ver	/veʁ/	ver	to see
/bes/	vez	/veʃ/	vez	turn, time
/ˈbi.a/	vía	/ˈvi.ɐ/	via	way, road (accusative of VIA)
/bið/	vid	/ˈvi.dʒi/	vide	vine
/ˈna.βe/	nave	/ˈna.vi/	nave	ship
/ˈba.ka/	vaca	/ˈva.kɐ/	vaca	cow
/ˈba.so/	vaso	/ˈva.zu/	vaso	vessel
/ˈbe.ɾa/	vera	/ˈve.ɾɐ/	vera	true (f., literary)
/ˈbi.ða/	vida	/ˈvi.dɐ/	vida	life
/ˈbi.so/	viso	/ˈvi.zu/	viso	view, appearance
/ˈbi.βa/	viva	/ˈvi.vɐ/	viva	alive
/ˈkal.βa/	calva	/ˈkaw.vɐ/	calva	bald (f.)
/ka.ˈβaɾ/	cavar	/ka.ˈvaʁ/	cavar	to dig
/si.ˈβil/	civil	/si.ˈviw/	civil	civil
/fa.ˈβoɾ/	favor	/fa.ˈvoʁ/	favor	favor
/ˈgɾa.βe/	grave	/ˈgɾa.vi/	grave	heavy, serious
/la.ˈβaɾ/	lavar	/la.ˈvaʁ/	lavar	to wash
/ˈja.βe/	llave	/ˈʃa.vi/	chave	key
/mo.ˈβeɾ/	mover	/mo.ˈveʁ/	mover	to move
/o.ˈli.βa/	oliva	/o.ˈli.vɐ/	oliva	olive
/ba.ˈsi.o/	vacío	/va.ˈzi.u/	vazio	empty
/ba.ˈɣaɾ/	vagar	/va.ˈgaʁ/	vagar	to wander
/ba.ˈleɾ/	valer	/va.ˈleʁ/	valer	to be worth
/ˈba.je/	valle	/ˈva.li/	vale	valley
/ba.ˈloɾ/	valor	/va.ˈloʁ/	valor	value
/ba.ˈpoɾ/	vapor	/va.ˈpoʁ/	vapor	vapor, steam
/be.ˈðaɾ/	vedar	/ve.ˈdaʁ/	vedar	to forbid
/be.ˈlaɾ/	velar	/ve.ˈlaʁ/	velar	to veil, watch over
/be.ˈɾas/	veraz	/ve.ˈɾaʃ/	veraz	truthful
/ˈbeɾ.βo/	verbo	/ˈveʁ.bu/	verbo	verb, word
/ˈbeɾ.ðe/	verde	/ˈveʁ.dʒi/	verde	green
/ˈbeɾ.ɣa/	verga	/ˈveʁ.gɐ/	verga	rod, switch
/ˈbja.xe/	viaje	/vi.ˈa.ʒẽj/	viagem	journey, trip
/bi.ˈɣoɾ/	vigor	/vi.ˈgoʁ/	vigor	vigor, strength
/ˈbi.ja/	villa	/ˈvi.lɐ/	vila	town
/bi.ˈtal/	vital	/vi.ˈtaw/	vital	vital
/bo.ˈkal/	vocal	/vo.ˈkaw/	vocal	vocal, vowel
/bo.ˈlaɾ/	volar	/vo.ˈaʁ/	voar	to fly
/bo.ˈɾas/	voraz	/vu.ˈɾaʃ/	voraz	voracious
/bo.ˈtaɾ/	votar	/vo.ˈtaʁ/	votar	to vow, vote
/ˈa.βi.ða/	ávida	/ˈa.vi.dɐ/	ávida	greedy, eager (f.)
/ak.ˈti.βa/	activa	/a.ˈtʃi.vɐ/	ativa	active (f.)
/ka.ˈβa.ða/	cavada	/ka.ˈva.dɐ/	cavada	dug (f.)
/ˈsi.βi.ka/	cívica	/ˈsi.vi.kɐ/	cívica	civic
/feɾ.ˈβoɾ/	fervor	/feʁ.ˈvoʁ/	fervor	heat, fervor
/la.ˈβa.ða/	lavada	/la.ˈva.dɐ/	lavada	washed
/je.ˈβaɾ/	llevar	/le.ˈvaʁ/	levar	to carry, take
/jo.ˈβeɾ/	llover	/ʃo.ˈveʁ/	chover	to rain
/ˈju.βja/	lluvia	/ˈʃu.vɐ/	chuva	rain
/ˈli.βi.ða/	lívida	/ˈli.vi.dɐ/	lívida	livid (f.)
/mo.ˈti.βa/	motiva	/mu.ˈtʃi.vɐ/	motiva	motive (f.)
/ok.ˈta.βa/	octava	/oj.ˈta.vɐ/	oitava	eighth (f.)
/pa.ˈsi.βa/	pasiva	/pa.ˈsi.vɐ/	passiva	passive (f.)
/pɾi.ˈβaɾ/	privar	/pɾi.ˈvaʁ/	privar	to deprive
/sal.ˈβaɾ/	salvar	/saw.ˈvaʁ/	salvar	to save
/seɾ.ˈβiɾ/	servir	/seʁ.ˈviʁ/	servir	to serve
/ba.ˈɣa.ða/	vagada	/va.ˈga.dɐ/	vagada	wandered (f.)
/be.ˈla.ðo/	velado	/ve.ˈla.du/	velado	veiled, watched over
/ben.ˈseɾ/	vencer	/vẽ.ˈseʁ/	vencer	to conquer
/ben.ˈdeɾ/	vender	/vẽ.ˈdeʁ/	vender	to sell
/be.ˈno.so/	venoso	/ve.ˈno.zu/	venoso	veiny
/beɾ.ˈðað/	verdad	/veʁ.ˈda.dʒi/	verdade	truth
/beɾ.ˈteɾ/	verter	/veʁ.ˈteʁ/	verter	to pour, shed
/bes.ˈtiɾ/	vestir	/veʃ.ˈtʃiʁ/	vestir	to dress, clothe
/ˈbi.ðɾjo/	vidrio	/ˈvi.dɾu/	vidro	glass
/bi.ˈno.so/	vinoso	/vi.ˈno.zu/	vinoso	vinous, wine-like
/bi.ˈɾo.so/	viroso	/vi.ˈɾo.zu/	viroso	poisonous, viral
/biɾ.ˈtuð/	virtud	/viʁ.ˈtu.dʒi/	virtude	virtue
/bo.ˈla.ða/	volada	/vu.ˈa.dɐ/	voada	flown (f.)
/bo.ˈta.ða/	votada	/vu.ˈta.dɐ/	votada	voted, vowed (f.)
/ˈba.li.ða/	válida	/ˈva.li.dɐ/	válida	valid (f.)
/ˈbi.βi.ða/	vívida	/ˈvi.vi.dɐ/	vívida	vivid, lively (f.)
/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/	abusiva	/a.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/	abusiva	abusive (f.)
/ka.βa.ˈðoɾ/	cavador	/ka.va.ˈdoʁ/	cavador	digger
/ka.ˈβa.jo/	cavallo	/ka.ˈva.lu/	cavalo	horse
/la.βa.ˈðoɾ/	lavador	/la.va.ˈdoʁ/	lavador	washer
/le.βe.ˈðað/	levedad	/le.vi.ˈda.dʒi/	levidade	lightness, levity
/je.ˈβa.ða/	llevada	/le.ˈva.dɐ/	levada	carried, taken (f.)
/neɾ.ˈβo.so/	nervoso	/neʁ.ˈvo.zu/	nervoso	nervous
/pɾi.ˈβa.ða/	privada	/pɾi.ˈva.dɐ/	privada	private, deprived (f.)
/sal.ˈβa.ða/	salvada	/saw.ˈva.dɐ/	salvada	saved (f.)
/ba.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	vagador	/va.ga.ˈdoʁ/	vagador	wanderer (rare)
/ba.ni.ˈðað/	vanidad	/vɐ.ni.ˈda.dʒi/	vanidade	vanity
/be.la.ˈðoɾ/	velador	/ve.la.ˈdoʁ/	velador	watcher, night-table
/be.na.ˈðoɾ/	venador	/ve.na.ˈdoʁ/	venador	hunter
/ben.ˈto.so/	ventoso	/vẽ.ˈto.zu/	ventoso	windy
/bes.ˈti.ða/	vestida	/veʃ.ˈtʃi.dɐ/	vestida	dressed
/bo.la.ˈðoɾ/	volador	/vo.a.ˈdoʁ/	voador	flier, flying
/bol.ˈta.ða/	voltada	/vow.ˈta.dɐ/	voltada	turned, flipped (f.)
/bo.ta.ˈðoɾ/	votador	/vu.ta.ˈdoʁ/	votador	voter
/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/	brevedad	/bɾe.vi.ˈda.dʒi/	brevidade	brevity
/kɾe.a.ˈti.βa/	creativa	/kɾi.a.ˈtʃi.vɐ/	criativa	creative (f.)
/fa.βo.ˈɾo.so/	favoroso	/fa.vu.ˈɾo.zu/	favoroso	favorable
/gɾa.βe.ˈðað/	gravedad	/gɾa.vi.ˈda.dʒi/	gravidade	gravity, seriousness
/je.βa.ˈðoɾ/	llevador	/le.va.ˈdoʁ/	levador	carrier
/juβ.ˈjo.sa/	lluviosa	/ʃu.ˈvo.zɐ/	chuvosa	rainy (f.)
/po.si.ˈti.βa/	positiva	/pu.zi.ˈtʃi.vɐ/	positiva	positive (f.)
/pɾi.βa.ˈðoɾ/	privador	/pɾi.va.ˈdoʁ/	privador	depriver
/sal.βa.ˈðoɾ/	salvador	/saw.va.ˈdoʁ/	salvador	savior
/ba.lo.ˈɾo.so/	valoroso	/va.lo.ˈɾo.zu/	valoroso	valorous, brave
/ba.po.ˈɾo.so/	vaporoso	/va.pu.ˈɾo.zu/	vaporoso	vaporous, steamy
/bol.ta.ˈðoɾ/	voltador	/vow.ta.ˈdoʁ/	voltador	flipper, somersaulter
/bo.lun.ˈtað/	voluntad	/võ.ˈta.dʒi/	vontade	will
/ka.βeɾ.ˈno.so/	cavernoso	/ka.veʁ.ˈno.zu/	cavernoso	cavernous
/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.so/	fervoroso	/feʁ.vo.ˈɾo.zu/	fervoroso	fervent, ardent
/ja.ma.ˈti.βo/	llamativo	/ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈti.vu/	chamativo	eye-catching, attention-grabbing
/seɾ.ˈβi.ða/	servida	/seʁ.ˈvi.dɐ/	servida	served (f. accusative past participle of SERVIRE)
/bos/	voz	/vɔʃ/	voz	voice
/ˈle.βe/	leve	/ˈlɛ.vi/	leve	light
/ˈba.na/	vana	/vɐ̃/	vã	vain
/ˈbe.na/	vena	/ˈvej.ɐ/	veia	vein
/ˈbi.no/	vino	/ˈvĩ.ɲu/	vinho	wine
/ˈbi.ɲa/	viña	/ˈvĩ.ɲɐ/	vinha	vineyard
/ˈbo.to/	voto	/ˈvɔ.tu/	voto	vow
/a.ˈβe.na/	avena	/a.ˈvɐj.ɐ/	aveia	oats
/ˈbɾe.βe/	breve	/ˈbɾɛ.vi/	breve	brief
/ˈwe.βo/	huevo	/ˈo.vu/	ovo	egg
/ˈxo.βen/	joven	/ˈʒɔ.vẽj/	jovem	young person
/ˈnje.βe/	nieve	/ˈnɛ.vi/	neve	snow
/ˈno.βja/	novia	/ˈnoj.vɐ/	noiva	girlfriend, bride
/ˈno.βjo/	novio	/ˈnoj.vu/	noivo	boyfriend, groom
/ˈnwe.βa/	nueva	/ˈnɔ.vɐ/	nova	new
/ˈnwe.βe/	nueve	/ˈnɔ.vi/	nove	nine
/ˈo.βe.xa/	oveja	/ˈɔ.ve.ʎɐ/	ovelha	sheep
/ˈbeɾ.me/	verme	/ˈvɛʁ.mi/	verme	worm (medical/technical)
/ˈbeɾ.so/	verso	/ˈvɛʁ.su/	verso	verse
/ˈbje.xa/	vieja	/ˈvɛ.ʎɐ/	velha	old
/bi.ˈβiɾ/	vivir	/vi.ˈveʁ/	viver	to live
/bo.ˈβi.na/	bovina	/bu.ˈvĩ.nɐ/	bovina	bovine
/ˈsjeɾ.βa/	cierva	/ˈsɛʁ.vɐ/	cerva	doe
/ˈsjeɾ.βo/	ciervo	/ˈseʁ.vu/	cervo	deer
/ˈkweɾ.βo/	cuervo	/ˈkoʁ.vu/	corvo	raven
/eɾ.ˈβiɾ/	hervir	/feʁ.ˈveʁ/	ferver	to boil
/ˈsjeɾ.βa/	sierva	/ˈsɛʁ.vɐ/	serva	female servant
/be.ˈsi.na/	vecina	/vi.ˈzĩ.ɲɐ/	vizinha	neighbor
/ˈbejn.te/	veinte	/ˈvĩ.tʃi/	vinte	twenty
/be.ˈne.no/	veneno	/ve.ˈnẽ.nu/	veneno	poison
/be.ˈɾa.no/	verano	/ve.ˈɾɐ̃w/	verão	summer
/ˈbjen.to/	viento	/ˈvẽ.tu/	vento	wind
/ka.ˈβan.do/	cavando	/ka.ˈvɐ̃.du/	cavando	digging
/ka.ˈβan.te/	cavante	/ka.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	cavante	digging
/seɾ.ˈβi.na/	cervina	/seʁ.ˈvĩ.nɐ/	cervina	deer-like
/la.ˈβan.do/	lavando	/la.ˈvɐ̃.du/	lavando	washing
/la.ˈβan.te/	lavante	/la.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	lavante	washing
/le.ˈβan.te/	levante	/le.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	levante	east, the Levant
/ja.ˈβe.ɾo/	llavero	/ʃɐ.ˈvej.ɾu/	chaveiro	key ring, key holder
/no.ˈβen.ta/	noventa	/no.ˈvẽ.tɐ/	noventa	ninety
/sil.ˈβa.na/	silvana	/siw.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	silvana	sylvan
/ba.ˈɣan.do/	vagando	/va.ˈgɐ̃.du/	vagando	wandering
/ba.ˈɣan.te/	vagante	/va.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/	vagante	wandering, vagrant
/be.ˈðan.te/	vedante	/ve.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/	vedante	forbidding
/be.ˈlan.te/	velante	/ve.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	velante	veiling
/ˈbjen.tɾe/	vientre	/ˈvẽ.tɾi/	ventre	belly
/bi.ˈja.no/	villano	/vi.ˈlɐ̃w/	vilão	serf, villain
/bo.ˈlan.do/	volando	/vo.ˈɐ̃.du/	voando	flying
/bo.ˈtan.do/	votando	/vu.ˈtɐ̃.du/	votando	voting
/ˈbwes.tɾa/	vuestra	/ˈvɔ.sɐ/	vossa	your
/a.βe.ˈja.na/	avellana	/a.ve.ˈlɐ̃/	avelã	hazelnut
/de.βo.ˈsjon/	devoción	/de.vu.ˈsɐ̃w/	devoção	devotion
/mo.ˈβjen.te/	moviente	/mu.ˈvẽ.tʃi/	movente	moving
/pɾi.ˈβan.do/	privando	/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.du/	privando	depriving
/pɾi.ˈβan.te/	privante	/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	privante	depriving
/sal.ˈβan.do/	salvando	/saw.ˈvɐ̃.du/	salvando	saving
/sal.ˈβan.te/	salvante	/saw.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	salvante	saving
/ba.ˈljen.te/	valiente	/va.ˈlẽ.tʃi/	valente	valiant
/baɾ.ˈjan.te/	variante	/vaʁ.ˈjɐ̃.tʃi/	variante	variant
/be.te.ˈɾa.na/	veterana	/ve.te.ˈɾɐ.nɐ/	veterana	veteran
/bi.ˈβjen.te/	viviente	/vi.ˈvẽ.tʃi/	vivente	living, alive
/bo.ˈso.tɾos/	vosotros	/vɔʃ/	vós	you (2pl)
/feɾ.ˈβjen.te/	ferviente	/feʁ.ˈvẽ.tʃi/	fervente	fervent, ardent
/no.ˈβjem.bɾe/	noviembre	/no.ˈvẽ.bɾu/	novembro	November
/ben.ˈsjen.te/	venciente	/vẽ.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	vencente	winning, winner
/ben.ˈdjen.te/	vendiente	/vẽ.ˈdẽ.tʃi/	vendente	selling (rare; usually vendedor)
/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/	vigilante	/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	vigilante	vigilant, watchful
/bes.peɾ.ˈti.na/	vespertina	/veʃ.peʁ.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/	vespertina	evening, vespertine (f.)
/le.ˈβan.do/	levando	/le.ˈvɐ̃.du/	levando	lifting (gerund)
/be.ˈlan.do/	velando	/ve.ˈlɐ̃.du/	velando	veiling, watching over (gerund)
/bol.ˈtan.do/	voltando	/vow.ˈtɐ̃.du/	voltando	turning, flipping (gerund)
/ben.ˈdjen.do/	vendiendo	/vẽ.ˈdẽ.du/	vendendo	selling (gerund)
/ˈde.βa/	deva	/ˈde.vɐ/	deva	deva, Hindu god
/ˈde.βi/	devi	/ˈde.vi/	devi	devi, Hindu goddess
/ˈxi.βa/	jiva	/ˈʒi.vɐ/	jiva	jiva
/kβas/	kvas	/kvaʃ/	kvas	kvas
/kβas/	kvas	/kvaʃ/	kvass	kvas
/ˈse.βa/	seva	/ˈse.vɐ/	seva	seva, selfless service
/ˈba.ða/	vada	/ˈva.dɐ/	vada	vada, fried snack
/bals/	vals	/ˈvaw.sɐ/	valsa	waltz
/ˈbe.ða/	veda	/ˈve.dɐ/	veda	Veda, sacred knowledge
/ˈal.βa/	halva	/ˈaw.vɐ/	halva	halva
/ˈʃi.βa/	shiva	/ˈʃi.vɐ/	shiva	Shiva, Hindu deity
/ˈsβa.a/	svaha	/ˈʒva.ɐ/	svaha	svaha, ritual mantra ending
/ˈbaɾ.na/	varna	/ˈvaʁ.nɐ/	varna	varna, Vedic social class
/ˈbid.ja/	vidya	/ˈvi.djɐ/	vidya	vidya, knowledge
/a.βa.ˈtaɾ/	avatar	/a.va.ˈtaʁ/	avatar	avatar
/ba.ˈɾu.na/	varuna	/va.ˈɾu.nɐ/	varuna	Varuna, Vedic deity
/bi.ˈku.ɲa/	vicuña	/vi.ˈku.ɲɐ/	vicunha	vicuña
/ˈbiʃ.nu/	vishnu	/ˈviʃ.nu/	vishnu	Vishnu, Hindu deity
/ˈbiʃ.ba/	vishva	/ˈviʃ.vɐ/	vishva	vishva, the universe
/ad.βaj.ˈta/	advaita	/ad.vaj.ˈta/	advaita	advaita, non-duality
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/ba.ˈkla.vɐ/	baclava	baklava
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/ba.ˈkla.vɐ/	baklava	baklava
/mits.ˈba/	mitzvah	/mits.ˈva/	mitzvah	mitzvah, commandment
/ˈpaɾ.ba.ti/	parvati	/ˈpaʁ.va.tʃi/	parvati	Parvati, Hindu goddess
/sa.mo.ˈβaɾ/	samovar	/sɐ.mo.ˈvaʁ/	samovar	samovar
/deɾ.ˈbi.tʃe/	derviche	/deʁ.ˈvi.ʃi/	derviche	derviche
/baj.ˈɾag.ja/	vairagya	/vaj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/	vairagya	vairagya, dispassion
/bi.ˈpa.sa.na/	vipassana	/vi.ˈpa.sɐ.nɐ/	vipassana	vipassana, insight meditation
/di.ˈβan/	diván	/dʒi.ˈvɐ̃/	divã	divan, couch
/ˈboð.ka/	vodka	/ˈvɔd.kɐ/	vodca	vodka
/ˈboð.ka/	vodka	/ˈvɔd.kɐ/	vodka	vodka
/niɾ.ˈba.na/	nirvana	/niʁ.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	nirvana	nirvana
/ka.ɾa.ˈβa.na/	caravana	/ka.ɾa.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	caravana	caravan

→ /wa/⟨uá⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/es.ˈβas.ti.ka/	esvástica	/ˈswaʃ.tʃi.kɐ/	suástica	esvástica

→ /b/⟨b⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ba.ˈɾon/	varón	/ba.ˈɾɐ̃w/	barão	male ≠ baron

/β, βe, ɣw, b, βl, bn/⟨b, gu, w, be, bh, bl, vn⟩ → /b, v/220 pairs

source

→ /b/⟨b⟩ · 174

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈβað/	abad	/a.ˈba.dʒi/	abade	abbot
/ˈbo.ka/	boca	/ˈbo.kɐ/	boca	mouth
/ˈka.βo/	cabo	/ˈka.bu/	cabo	cape, end, edge
/ˈlo.βa/	loba	/ˈlo.bɐ/	loba	she-wolf
/ˈlo.βo/	lobo	/ˈlo.bu/	lobo	wolf
/a.ˈβe.xa/	abeja	/a.ˈbe.ʎɐ/	abelha	bee
/a.ˈβɾil/	abril	/a.ˈbɾiw/	abril	April
/a.ˈβɾiɾ/	abrir	/a.ˈbɾiʁ/	abrir	to open
/ˈbaj.le/	baile	/ˈbaj.li/	baile	dance
/ba.ˈxaɾ/	bajar	/baj.ˈʃaʁ/	baixar	to lower
/ˈbaɾ.βa/	barba	/ˈbaʁ.bɐ/	barba	beard
/ˈbaɾ.ka/	barca	/ˈbaʁ.kɐ/	barca	boat
/be.ˈβeɾ/	beber	/be.ˈbeʁ/	beber	to drink
/ˈbɾa.so/	brazo	/ˈbɾa.su/	braço	arm
/ˈka.βɾa/	cabra	/ˈka.bɾɐ/	cabra	goat
/ˈli.βɾa/	libra	/ˈli.bɾɐ/	libra	pound
/sa.ˈβeɾ/	saber	/sa.ˈbeʁ/	saber	to know
/sa.ˈβoɾ/	sabor	/sa.ˈboʁ/	sabor	taste, flavor
/ˈso.βɾe/	sobre	/ˈso.bɾi/	sobre	on, over
/su.ˈβiɾ/	subir	/su.ˈbiʁ/	subir	to climb
/ˈbeɾ.βo/	verbo	/ˈveʁ.bu/	verbo	verb, word
/a.ka.ˈβaɾ/	acabar	/a.ka.ˈbaʁ/	acabar	to finish
/baj.ˈlaɾ/	bailar	/baj.ˈlaʁ/	bailar	to dance
/bon.ˈdað/	bondad	/bõ.ˈda.dʒi/	bondade	goodness
/bɾu.ˈtal/	brutal	/bɾu.ˈtaw/	brutal	brutal
/bus.ˈkaɾ/	buscar	/buʃ.ˈkaʁ/	buscar	to seek
/ka.ˈβe.sa/	cabeza	/ka.ˈbe.sɐ/	cabeça	head
/ˈku.βi.to/	cúbito	/ˈku.bi.tu/	cúbito	cubit (ulna bone)
/ˈra.βi.ða/	rábida	/ˈʁa.bi.dɐ/	rábida	rabid (f.)
/ˈsa.βa.ðo/	sábado	/ˈsa.ba.du/	sábado	Saturday
/ˈsu.βi.to/	súbito	/ˈsu.bi.tu/	súbito	sudden
/tuɾ.ˈβaɾ/	turbar	/tuʁ.ˈbaʁ/	turbar	to disturb
/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/	abusiva	/a.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/	abusiva	abusive (f.)
/baɾ.ˈβa.ða/	barbada	/baʁ.ˈba.dɐ/	barbada	bearded
/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾa/	barbara	/ˈbaʁ.ba.ɾɐ/	barbara	barbarian
/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾo/	bárbaro	/ˈbaʁ.ba.ɾu/	bárbaro	barbarian
/ka.ˈβe.jo/	cabello	/ka.ˈbe.lu/	cabelo	hair
/ˈfa.βɾi.ka/	fábrica	/ˈfa.bɾi.kɐ/	fábrica	factory
/glo.ˈβo.so/	globoso	/glu.ˈbo.zu/	globoso	globular
/eɾ.ˈβo.so/	herboso	/eʁ.ˈbo.zu/	herboso	grassy
/moɾ.ˈβo.so/	morboso	/muʁ.ˈbo.zu/	morboso	sickly, morbid
/ok.ˈtu.βɾe/	octubre	/ow.ˈtu.bɾu/	outubro	October
/ro.ˈβus.ta/	robusta	/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tɐ/	robusta	robust, strong (f.)
/tuɾ.ˈβa.ða/	turbada	/tuʁ.ˈba.dɐ/	turbada	disturbed (f.)
/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/	brevedad	/bɾe.vi.ˈda.dʒi/	brevidade	brevity
/li.βe.ˈɾa.ða/	liberada	/li.be.ˈɾa.dɐ/	liberada	freed, liberated
/li.βeɾ.ˈtað/	libertad	/li.beʁ.ˈda.dʒi/	liberdade	liberty
/tɾa.βa.ˈxaɾ/	trabajar	/tɾa.ba.ˈʎaʁ/	trabalhar	to work
/tuɾ.βa.ˈðoɾ/	turbador	/tuʁ.ba.ˈdoʁ/	turbador	disturber
/te.ne.ˈβɾo.so/	tenebroso	/te.ne.ˈbɾo.zu/	tenebroso	dark, gloomy
/ˈba.ɲo/	baño	/ˈbɐ.ɲu/	banho	bath
/bjen/	bien	/bẽj/	bem	well
/bwej/	buey	/boj/	boi	ox, bull
/ˈo.βɾa/	obra	/ˈɔ.bɾɐ/	obra	work
/ˈbe.ja/	bella	/ˈbɛ.lɐ/	bela	beautiful
/ˈbɾe.βe/	breve	/ˈbɾɛ.vi/	breve	brief
/ˈbwe.na/	buena	/ˈbõ.ɐ/	boa	good
/ˈbwe.no/	bueno	/bõ/	bom	good
/ˈgam.ba/	gamba	/ˈgɐ̃.bɐ/	gamba	leg ≠ shrimp
/ˈpo.βɾe/	pobre	/ˈpɔ.bɾi/	pobre	poor
/ˈbe.li.ka/	bélica	/ˈbɛ.li.kɐ/	bélica	warlike
/ˈbes.tja/	bestia	/ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/	besta	beast, brute
/ˈblaŋ.ka/	blanca	/ˈbɾɐ̃.kɐ/	branca	white
/bo.ˈβi.na/	bovina	/bu.ˈvĩ.nɐ/	bovina	bovine
/ka.ˈβa.ɲa/	cabaña	/ka.ˈbɐ.nɐ/	cabana	hut, cabin
/ˈlje.βɾe/	liebre	/ˈlɛ.bɾi/	lebre	hare
/ob.ˈxe.to/	objeto	/ob.ˈʒɛ.tu/	objeto	object
/uɾ.ˈβa.na/	urbana	/uʁ.ˈbɐ.nɐ/	urbana	urban
/a.ˈβjeɾ.ta/	abierta	/a.ˈbɛʁ.tɐ/	aberta	opened (f.)
/ˈmjem.bɾo/	miembro	/ˈmẽ.bɾu/	membro	limb, member
/ˈmoɾ.βi.ða/	mórbida	/ˈmɔʁ.bi.dɐ/	mórbida	morbid (f.)
/so.ˈβɾi.no/	sobrino	/so.ˈbɾĩ.ɲu/	sobrinho	nephew
/tam.ˈbjen/	también	/tɐ̃.ˈbẽj/	também	also
/be.ˈβjen.te/	bebiente	/be.ˈvẽ.tʃi/	bevente	drinking
/tuɾ.ˈβan.do/	turbando	/tuʁ.ˈbɐ̃.du/	turbando	disturbing
/tuɾ.ˈβan.te/	turbante	/tuʁ.ˈbɐ̃.tʃi/	turbante	disturbing
/di.ˈsjem.bɾe/	diciembre	/de.ˈzẽ.bɾu/	dezembro	December
/li.βe.ˈɾan.do/	liberando	/li.be.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	liberando	freeing
/li.βe.ˈɾan.te/	liberante	/li.be.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	liberante	freeing
/no.ˈβjem.bɾe/	noviembre	/no.ˈvẽ.bɾu/	novembro	November
/se.ˈtjem.bɾe/	setiembre	/se.ˈtẽ.bɾu/	setembro	September
/a.ˈðo.βe/	adobe	/a.ˈdo.bi/	adobe	adobe brick
/ˈboɾ.ðe/	borde	/ˈboʁ.du/	bordo	edge, border
/ˈbuɾ.ka/	burka	/ˈbuʁ.kɐ/	burca	burka
/i.ˈjab/	hiyab	/i.ˈʒab/	hijab	hiyab
/ni.ˈkab/	niqab	/ni.ˈkab/	niqab	niqab, face veil
/ˈki.bla/	qibla	/ˈki.blɐ/	qibla	qibla, prayer direction
/ro.ˈβaɾ/	robar	/ʁow.ˈbaʁ/	roubar	to steal, rob
/al.ˈda.βa/	aldaba	/aw.ˈdɾa.bɐ/	aldraba	door knocker
/ba.ˈɾa.ka/	baraka	/ba.ˈɾa.kɐ/	baraka	baraka, divine blessing
/tam.ˈboɾ/	tambor	/tɐ̃.ˈboʁ/	tambor	drum
/a.ra.ˈβal/	arrabal	/a.ʁa.ˈbaw.dʒi/	arrabalde	suburb, outer quarter
/es.ˈtɾi.βo/	estribo	/eʃ.ˈtɾi.bu/	estribo	stirrup
/ˈal.xe.βɾa/	álgebra	/ˈaw.ʒi.bɾɐ/	álgebra	algebra
/al.βoɾ.ˈnos/	albornoz	/aw.buʁ.ˈnoʃ/	albornoz	hooded cloak
/ˈbuɾ.ɣo/	burgo	/ˈbuʁ.gu/	burgo	town (archaic, retained in placenames)
/ˈam.baɾ/	ámbar	/ˈɐ̃.baʁ/	âmbar	amber
/ˈbaŋ.ko/	banco	/ˈbɐ̃.ku/	banco	bench, bank
/ba.ˈɾon/	barón	/ba.ˈɾɐ̃w/	barão	baron
/a.ˈro.βa/	arroba	/a.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	arroba	weight measure of 25 pounds
/ˈba.rjo/	barrio	/ˈbaj.ʁu/	bairro	neighborhood, district
/ˈbos.ke/	bosque	/ˈbɔʃ.ki/	bosque	forest, woods
/be.ˈjo.ta/	bellota	/bo.ˈlɔ.tɐ/	bolota	acorn
/al.βa.ˈko.ɾa/	albacora	/aw.ba.ˈkɔ.ɾɐ/	albacora	yellowfin tuna
/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/	algarroba	/aw.fa.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	alfarroba	carob
/bej/	bey	/bej/	bei	bey, Turkish lord
/ˈbu.ða/	buda	/ˈbu.dɐ/	buda	Buddha
/ˈbu.ðo/	budo	/ˈbu.du/	budo	budo, martial arts
/ta.ˈβu/	tabú	/ta.ˈbu/	tabu	taboo
/bam.ˈbu/	bambu	/bɐ̃.ˈbu/	bambu	bambú, bamboo
/bam.ˈbu/	bambú	/bɐ̃.ˈbu/	bambu	bamboo
/ˈba.o.si/	baozi	/ˈba.o.zi/	baozi	baozi, steamed bun
/ba.ˈsaɾ/	bazar	/ba.ˈzaʁ/	bazar	bazaar, marketplace
/ˈba.xi/	bhaji	/ˈba.ʒi/	bhaji	bhaji, vegetable fritter
/ˈbu.mi/	bhumi	/ˈbu.mi/	bhumi	bhumi, earth, ground
/blits/	blitz	/blits/	blitz	blitz
/ˈbo.ði/	bodhi	/ˈbo.dʒi/	bodhi	bodhi
/ke.ˈβab/	kebab	/kɛ.ˈbab/	kebab	kebab
/ro.ˈβot/	robot	/ʁo.ˈbo/	robô	robot
/sa.ˈib/	sahib	/sa.ˈib/	sahib	sahib
/baɲ.ˈmi/	banhmi	/bɐ̃ɲ.ˈmi/	banhmi	banh mi, Vietnamese sandwich
/ba.ˈta.ta/	batata	/ba.ˈta.tɐ/	batata	sweet potato
/ˈbak.ta/	bhakta	/ˈbak.tɐ/	bhakta	bhakta, devotee
/ˈbak.ti/	bhakti	/ˈbak.tʃi/	bhakti	bhakti, Hindu devotion
/ˈbu.ði/	buddhi	/ˈbu.dʒi/	buddhi	buddhi, intellect
/ka.ɾi.ˈβu/	caribu	/ka.ɾi.ˈbu/	caribu	caribú, North American reindeer
/ka.ɾi.ˈβu/	caribú	/ka.ɾi.ˈbu/	caribu	caribou
/ˈka.βa.la/	cábala	/ˈka.ba.lɐ/	cábala	cábala
/xa.ˈle.βi/	jalebi	/ʒa.ˈle.bi/	jalebi	jalebi, fried sweet
/ka.ˈβu.ki/	kabuki	/ka.ˈbu.ki/	kabuki	kabuki
/ki.ˈβuts/	kibutz	/ki.ˈbuts/	kibutz	kibutz, Israeli collective
/ˈsam.bal/	sambal	/sɐ̃.ˈbaw/	sambal	sambal, chili paste
/ˈsu.mi.βi/	sumibi	/ˈsu.mi.bi/	sumibi	sumibi, charcoal grilling
/ta.ˈβa.ko/	tabaco	/ta.ˈba.ku/	tabaco	tobacco
/wa.ˈsa.βi/	wasabi	/wa.ˈsa.bi/	wasabi	wasabi
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/ba.ˈkla.vɐ/	baclava	baklava
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/ba.ˈkla.vɐ/	baklava	baklava
/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/	bulgogi	/buw.ˈgo.gi/	bulgogi	bulgogi, grilled beef
/bu.ˈʃi.ðo/	bushido	/bu.ˈʃi.du/	bushido	bushido
/ˈtʃe.βol/	chaebol	/ˈʃe.bɔw/	chaebol	chaebol, Korean conglomerate
/don.ˈbu.ɾi/	donburi	/dõ.ˈbu.ɾi/	donburi	donburi, rice bowl dish
/i.ˈβa.tʃi/	hibachi	/i.ˈba.tʃi/	hibachi	hibachi
/ˈmuk.ban/	mukbang	/ˈmuk.bɐ̃/	mukbang	mukbang, eating broadcast
/a.ɣwa.ˈka.te/	aguacate	/a.ba.ˈka.tʃi/	abacate	avocado
/ba.ˈβuʃ.ka/	babushka	/ba.ˈbuʃ.kɐ/	babushka	babushka
/baɾ.ba.ˈko.a/	barbacoa	/baʁ.ba.ˈko.ɐ/	barbacoa	barbecue, grill
/bi.βim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	/bi.bim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	bibimbap
/kom.ˈbu.tʃa/	kombucha	/kõ.ˈbu.tʃɐ/	kombucha	kombucha
/u.me.ˈβo.ʃi/	umeboshi	/u.me.ˈbo.ʃi/	umeboshi	umeboshi, pickled plum
/saj.ˈβa.tsu/	zaibatsu	/zaj.ˈba.tsu/	zaibatsu	zaibatsu
/no.ˈɾe.βan/	noraebang	/no.ˈɾe.bɐ̃/	noraebang	noraebang, karaoke room
/wa.βi.ˈsa.βi/	wabi-sabi	/wa.bi.ˈsa.bi/	wabi-sabi	wabi-sabi
/ˈo.βi/	obi	/ˈɔ.bi/	obi	obi, kimono sash
/ˈso.βa/	soba	/ˈsɔ.bɐ/	soba	soba, buckwheat noodle
/ba.ˈɣel/	bagel	/ba.ˈʒɛw/	bagel	bagel
/ˈben.to/	bento	/ˈbẽ.tu/	bento	bento, lunch box
/ˈbli.ni/	blini	/ˈblĩ.ni/	blini	blini
/ˈkom.bu/	kombu	/ˈkõ.bu/	kombu	kombu, edible kelp
/ba.ˈna.na/	banana	/bɐ.ˈnɐ.nɐ/	banana	banana
/ban.ˈsa.i/	banzai	/bɐ̃.ˈzaj/	banzai	banzai
/bon.ˈsa.i/	bonsái	/bõ.ˈsaj/	bonsai	bonsai
/ˈbɾa.ma/	brahma	/ˈbɾɐ.mɐ/	brahma	Brahma
/an.ˈbok/	hanbok	/ɐ̃.ˈbɔk/	hanbok	hanbok, traditional Korean clothing
/kan.ˈban/	kanban	/kɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃/	kanban	kanban, signboard / scheduling system
/ˈkim.bap/	kimbap	/ˈkĩ.bap/	kimbap	kimbap, Korean rice-and-seaweed roll
/ban.ˈtʃan/	banchan	/bɐ̃.ˈtʃɐ̃/	banchan	banchan, Korean side dishes
/ban.ˈda.na/	bandana	/bɐ̃.ˈdɐ.nɐ/	bandana	bandana
/biɾ.ˈja.ni/	biryani	/biʁ.ˈjɐ.ni/	biryani	biryani, mixed rice dish
/i.ke.ˈβa.na/	ikebana	/i.ke.ˈbɐ.nɐ/	ikebana	ikebana
/ʃi.ˈβo.ɾi/	shibori	/ʃi.ˈbɔ.ɾi/	shibori	shibori, Japanese tie-dye
/ti.βu.ˈɾon/	tiburón	/tu.ba.ˈɾɐ̃w/	tubarão	shark
/buŋ.ˈga.lo/	bungalow	/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/	bangalo	bungalow, single-story house
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutan	rambután, tropical fruit
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutao	rambután, tropical fruit

→ /v/⟨v⟩ · 38

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈal.βa/	alba	/ˈaw.vɐ/	alva	dawn
/ˈal.βo/	albo	/ˈaw.vu/	alvo	white (rare/poetic)
/ˈse.βo/	cebo	/ˈse.vu/	cevo	food, bait
/ˈnu.βe/	nube	/ˈnu.vẽj/	nuvem	cloud
/de.ˈβeɾ/	deber	/de.ˈveʁ/	dever	to owe
/a.ˈβeɾ/	haber	/a.ˈveʁ/	haver	to have
/la.ˈβoɾ/	labor	/la.ˈvoʁ/	lavor	labor
/ˈli.βɾe/	libre	/ˈli.vɾi/	livre	free
/ˈli.βɾo/	libro	/ˈli.vɾu/	livro	book
/be.ˈniɾ/	venir	/viʁ/	vir	to come
/ˈaɾ.βol/	árbol	/ˈaʁ.vu.ɾi/	árvore	tree
/li.ˈβɾaɾ/	librar	/li.ˈvɾaʁ/	livrar	to free, save
/pɾo.ˈβaɾ/	probar	/pɾo.ˈvaʁ/	provar	to test, prove
/beɾ.ˈme.xo/	bermejo	/veʁ.ˈme.ʎu/	vermelho	vermilion, reddish
/ka.ˈβa.ja/	caballa	/ka.ˈva.lɐ/	cavala	mare
/ka.ˈβa.jo/	caballo	/ka.ˈva.lu/	cavalo	horse
/pa.ˈla.βɾa/	palabra	/pa.ˈla.vɾɐ/	palavra	word
/pɾo.ˈβa.ða/	probada	/pɾu.ˈva.dɐ/	provada	proven, tested
/li.βɾa.ˈðoɾ/	librador	/li.vɾa.ˈdoʁ/	livrador	deliverer
/pɾo.βa.ˈðoɾ/	probador	/pɾo.va.ˈdoʁ/	provador	tester, fitting room
/kaɾ.ˈβon/	carbón	/kaʁ.ˈvɐ̃w/	carvão	coal
/ˈjeɾ.βa/	hierba	/ˈɛʁ.vɐ/	erva	grass
/ˈpwe.βlo/	pueblo	/ˈpo.vu/	povo	people, town
/fe.ˈβɾe.ɾo/	febrero	/fe.ve.ˈɾej.ɾu/	fevereiro	February
/ta.ˈβeɾ.na/	taberna	/ta.ˈvɛʁ.nɐ/	taverna	tavern
/be.ˈβjen.te/	bebiente	/be.ˈvẽ.tʃi/	bevente	drinking
/de.ˈβjen.te/	debiente	/de.ˈvẽ.tʃi/	devente	owing
/es.kɾi.ˈβiɾ/	escribir	/eʃ.kɾe.ˈveʁ/	escrever	to write
/pɾo.ˈβan.te/	probante	/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	provante	proving
/es.kɾi.ˈβa.no/	escribano	/eʃ.kɾi.ˈvɐ̃w/	escrivão	scribe, notary
/pɾo.ˈβan.do/	probando	/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.du/	provando	proving, trying (gerund)
/al.ˈxa.βa/	aljaba	/aw.ˈʒa.vɐ/	aljava	quiver
/xa.βa.ˈli/	jabalí	/ʒa.va.ˈli/	javali	wild boar
/al.βa.ˈjal.de/	albayalde	/aw.va.ˈja.dʒi/	alvaiade	white lead
/al.ˈβej.taɾ/	albéitar	/aw.ˈvej.taʁ/	alveitar	veterinarian (archaic; modern Spanish uses 'veterinario')
/al.ˈko.βa/	alcoba	/aw.ˈkɔ.vɐ/	alcova	alcove, bedroom
/soɾ.ˈbe.te/	sorbete	/soʁ.ˈve.tʃi/	sorvete	sorbete
/sa.ˈβa.na/	sabana	/sa.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	savana	sabana

→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 2

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈβlaɾ/	hablar	/fa.ˈlaʁ/	falar	to speak
/ˈom.bɾe/	hombre	/ˈɔ.mẽj/	homem	man

→ /v/⟨w⟩ · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/buɾst/	wurst	/vuʁʃt/	wurst	wurst, German sausage
/sa.ɾas.ˈba.ti/	saraswati	/sa.ɾaʒ.ˈva.tʃi/	saraswati	Saraswati, Hindu goddess

→ /gw/⟨gu⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.ɣwa/	agua	/ˈa.gwɐ/	água	water

→ /fv/⟨fv⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.βa.ˈa.ka/	albahaca	/aw.fa.ˈva.kɐ/	alfavaca	basil

→ /ɐ/⟨a⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.βa/	haba	/ˈfa.vɐ/	fava	broad bean

→ /v/⟨b⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈri.βa/	riba	/ˈʁi.vɐ/	riba	shore

/r/⟨r, rr⟩ → /ʁ/97 pairs

source

→ /ʁ/⟨rr⟩ · ⟨rr⟩ · 23

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈka.ro/	carro	/ˈka.ʁu/	carro	cart
/ˈto.re/	torre	/ˈto.ʁi/	torre	tower
/ˈtʃu.ro/	churro	/ˈʃu.ʁu/	churro	fried dough pastry
/ko.ˈreɾ/	correr	/ko.ˈʁeʁ/	correr	to run
/o.ˈroɾ/	horror	/o.ˈʁoʁ/	horror	horror
/na.ˈraɾ/	narrar	/na.ˈʁaʁ/	narrar	to narrate
/te.ˈroɾ/	terror	/te.ˈʁoʁ/	terror	terror
/na.ˈra.ða/	narrada	/na.ˈʁa.dɐ/	narrada	narrated (f.)
/na.ra.ˈðoɾ/	narrador	/na.ʁa.ˈdoʁ/	narrador	narrator
/e.ˈroɾ/	error	/ˈe.ʁu/	erro	error
/ˈje.ro/	hierro	/ˈfɛ.ʁu/	ferro	iron
/ˈsje.ra/	sierra	/ˈsɛ.ʁɐ/	serra	mountain range
/ˈtje.ra/	tierra	/ˈtɛ.ʁɐ/	terra	earth, land, ground
/na.ˈran.do/	narrando	/na.ˈʁɐ̃.du/	narrando	narrating
/na.ˈran.te/	narrante	/na.ˈʁɐ̃.tʃi/	narrante	telling
/a.ˈros/	arroz	/a.ˈʁoʃ/	arroz	rice
/ˈxa.ra/	jarra	/ˈʒa.ʁɐ/	jarra	jar, pitcher
/a.ra.ˈβal/	arrabal	/a.ʁa.ˈbaw.dʒi/	arrabalde	suburb, outer quarter
/a.ˈro.βa/	arroba	/a.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	arroba	weight measure of 25 pounds
/ˈba.rjo/	barrio	/ˈbaj.ʁu/	bairro	neighborhood, district
/ˈge.ra/	guerra	/ˈgɛ.ʁɐ/	guerra	war
/mas.ˈmo.ra/	mazmorra	/maʒ.ˈmɔ.ʁɐ/	masmorra	dungeon, underground prison
/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/	algarroba	/aw.fa.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	alfarroba	carob

→ /ɾ/⟨r⟩ · ⟨rr⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ku.ˈri/	curry	/ka.ˈɾiw/	caril	curry

→ /ʁ/⟨r⟩ · ⟨r⟩ · 73

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/reð/	red	/ˈʁe.dʒi/	rede	net
/rej/	rey	/ʁej/	rei	king
/ˈri.o/	río	/ˈʁi.u/	rio	river
/ˈri.βa/	riba	/ˈʁi.vɐ/	riba	shore
/ˈri.sa/	risa	/ˈʁi.zu/	riso	laughter
/ˈro.to/	roto	/ˈʁo.tu/	roto	broken
/ˈrej.no/	reino	/ˈʁej.nu/	reino	kingdom
/re.ˈmaɾ/	remar	/ʁe.ˈmaʁ/	remar	to row
/ro.ˈðaɾ/	rodar	/ʁo.ˈdaʁ/	rodar	to turn, roll
/ro.ˈɣaɾ/	rogar	/ʁo.ˈgaʁ/	rogar	to beg, plead
/ru.ˈmoɾ/	rumor	/ʁu.ˈmoʁ/	rumor	noise, rumor
/ra.ˈmo.so/	ramoso	/ʁɐ.ˈmo.zu/	ramoso	branchy
/re.ˈma.ða/	remada	/ʁe.ˈma.dɐ/	remada	rowed
/res.ˈtaɾ/	restar	/ʁeʃ.ˈtaʁ/	restar	to remain, subtract
/ro.ˈɣa.ða/	rogada	/ʁu.ˈga.dɐ/	rogada	asked, begged (f.)
/rom.ˈpeɾ/	romper	/ʁõ.ˈpeʁ/	romper	to break
/ro.ˈta.ða/	rotada	/ʁu.ˈta.dɐ/	rotada	rotated (f.)
/ru.ˈɣo.so/	rugoso	/ʁu.ˈgo.zu/	rugoso	wrinkled, rugged
/ˈra.βi.ða/	rábida	/ˈʁa.bi.dɐ/	rábida	rabid (f.)
/ˈra.pi.ða/	rápida	/ˈʁa.pi.dɐ/	rápida	rapid, fast (f.)
/ˈri.xi.ða/	rígida	/ˈʁi.ʒi.dɐ/	rígida	rigid, stiff (f.)
/re.ma.ˈðoɾ/	remador	/ʁe.ma.ˈdoʁ/	remador	rower
/res.ˈta.ða/	restada	/ʁeʃ.ˈta.dɐ/	restada	remained
/ro.ˈβus.ta/	robusta	/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tɐ/	robusta	robust, strong (f.)
/ro.ða.ˈðoɾ/	rodador	/ʁu.da.ˈdoʁ/	rodador	roller
/ro.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	rogador	/ʁo.ga.ˈdoʁ/	rogador	asker, supplicant
/ro.ˈsa.ɾjo/	rosario	/ʁu.ˈza.ʁju/	rosário	rosary
/ˈrus.ti.ka/	rústica	/ˈʁuʃ.tʃi.kɐ/	rústica	rustic
/res.ta.ˈðoɾ/	restador	/ʁeʃ.ta.ˈdoʁ/	restador	subtractor ≠ restorer
/ru.mo.ˈɾo.so/	rumoroso	/ʁu.mu.ˈɾo.zu/	rumoroso	noisy
/res.pon.ˈdeɾ/	responder	/ʁeʃ.põ.ˈdeʁ/	responder	to answer
/ˈra.mo/	ramo	/ˈʁɐ.mu/	ramo	branch
/ˈra.na/	rana	/ʁɐ̃/	rã	frog
/ˈro.sa/	rosa	/ˈʁɔ.zɐ/	rosa	rose
/ra.ˈson/	razón	/ʁa.ˈzɐ̃w/	razão	reason
/ˈre.ɣla/	regla	/ˈʁɛ.gɾɐ/	regra	rule
/ˈres.to/	resto	/ˈʁɛʃ.tu/	resto	remainder
/ˈrwe.ða/	rueda	/ˈʁɔ.dɐ/	roda	wheel
/ro.ˈma.na/	romana	/ʁu.ˈmɐ.nɐ/	romana	Roman (f.)
/re.ˈðon.da/	redonda	/ʁe.ˈdõ.dɐ/	redonda	round
/re.ˈxen.te/	regente	/ʁe.ˈʒẽ.tʃi/	regente	regent, ruler
/re.ˈman.do/	remando	/ʁe.ˈmɐ̃.du/	remando	rowing
/re.ˈman.te/	remante	/ʁe.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/	remante	rowing
/ro.ˈðan.do/	rodando	/ʁu.ˈdɐ̃.du/	rodando	turning, rolling
/ro.ˈðan.te/	rodante	/ʁu.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/	rodante	rotating, rolling
/ro.ˈɣan.do/	rogando	/ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.du/	rogando	asking, begging
/ro.ˈɣan.te/	rogante	/ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/	rogante	asking, petitioner
/re.la.ˈsjon/	relación	/ʁe.la.ˈsɐ̃w/	relação	relation, relationship
/res.ˈtan.do/	restando	/ʁeʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	restando	remaining
/res.ˈtan.te/	restante	/ʁeʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/	restante	remaining
/rom.ˈpjen.te/	rompiente	/ʁõ.ˈpẽ.tʃi/	rompente	breaking
/re.ˈxen.do/	regendo	/ʁe.ˈʒẽ.du/	regendo	ruling (archaic; modern uses rigiendo)
/rom.ˈpjen.do/	rompiendo	/ʁõ.ˈpẽ.du/	rompendo	breaking (gerund)
/ˈri.ka/	rica	/ˈʁi.kɐ/	rica	rich (f.)
/ro.ˈβaɾ/	robar	/ʁow.ˈbaʁ/	roubar	to steal, rob
/ˈro.pa/	ropa	/ˈʁow.pɐ/	roupa	clothing
/ra.ma.ˈðan/	ramadán	/ʁɐ.ma.ˈdɐ̃w/	ramadão	ramadán
/ˈra.ɣa/	raga	/ˈʁa.gɐ/	raga	raga
/ra.ˈxa/	rajá	/ʁa.ˈʒa/	rajá	rajah
/ˈra.ki/	raki	/ˈʁa.ki/	raki	raki, Turkish anise spirit
/ˈraj.ta/	raita	/ˈʁaj.tɐ/	raita	raita, yogurt condiment
/ˈri.ʃi/	rishi	/ˈʁi.ʃi/	rishi	rishi, Vedic seer
/ro.ˈβot/	robot	/ʁo.ˈbo/	robô	robot
/ˈrjo.ɾi/	ryori	/ˈʁjo.ɾi/	ryori	ryori, Japanese cuisine
/ˈra.ku.ɣo/	rakugo	/ˈʁa.ku.gu/	rakugo	rakugo, comic storytelling
/ˈra.ma/	rama	/ˈʁɐ.mɐ/	rama	Rama, Hindu deity
/ˈro.ti/	roti	/ˈʁɔ.tʃi/	roti	roti, flatbread
/ˈra.men/	ramen	/ˈʁɐ.mẽ/	ramen	ramen
/ˈro.nin/	ronin	/ˈʁõ.nĩ/	ronin	ronin
/rjo.ˈkan/	ryokan	/ʁjɔ.ˈkɐ̃/	ryokan	ryokan, traditional Japanese inn
/ren.ˈdaŋ/	rendang	/ʁẽ.ˈdɐ̃/	rendang	rendang, Indonesian curry
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutan	rambután, tropical fruit
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutao	rambután, tropical fruit

/kle, jon, jo/⟨ión, io, cle⟩ → /ɐ̃w, jo, kaʁ/24 pairs

source

→ /ɐ̃w/⟨ão⟩ · before nasal · 18

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/na.ˈsjon/	nación	/na.ˈsɐ̃w/	nação	nation
/no.ˈsjon/	noción	/nu.ˈsɐ̃w/	noção	notion
/kan.ˈsjon/	canción	/kɐ̃.ˈsɐ̃w/	canção	song
/e.ði.ˈsjon/	edición	/e.dʒi.ˈsɐ̃w/	edição	edition
/e.mo.ˈsjon/	emoción	/e.mu.ˈsɐ̃w/	emoção	emotion
/fun.ˈsjon/	función	/fun.ˈsɐ̃w/	função	function
/lek.ˈsjon/	lección	/le.ˈsɐ̃w/	lição	lesson, lecture
/o.ɾa.ˈsjon/	oración	/u.ɾa.ˈsɐ̃w/	oração	prayer, sentence
/poɾ.ˈsjon/	porción	/puɾ.ˈsɐ̃w/	porção	portion, share
/sek.ˈsjon/	sección	/se.ˈsɐ̃w/	seção	section
/a.ten.ˈsjon/	atención	/a.ten.ˈsɐ̃w/	atenção	attention
/de.βo.ˈsjon/	devoción	/de.vu.ˈsɐ̃w/	devoção	devotion
/es.ta.ˈsjon/	estación	/eʃ.ta.ˈsɐ̃w/	estação	station, season
/po.zi.ˈsjon/	posición	/po.zi.ˈsɐ̃w/	posição	position
/re.la.ˈsjon/	relación	/ʁe.la.ˈsɐ̃w/	relação	relation, relationship
/tɾaj.ˈsjon/	traición	/tɾa.dʒi.ˈsɐ̃w/	tradição	betrayal ≠ tradition
/kon.di.ˈsjon/	condición	/kon.di.ˈsɐ̃w/	condição	condition
/tɾa.ði.ˈsjon/	tradición	/tɾa.dʒi.ˈsɐ̃w/	tradição	tradition

→ /jo/⟨io⟩ · not before nasal · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/o.ˈðjo.sa/	odiosa	/u.ˈdjo.zɐ/	odiosa	hateful, odious
/ku.ˈɾjo.sa/	curiosa	/ku.ˈʁjo.zɐ/	curiosa	curious (f.)
/glo.ˈɾjo.sa/	gloriosa	/glu.ˈʁjo.zɐ/	gloriosa	glorious (f.)

→ /kaʁ/⟨car⟩ · not before nasal · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.ˈmis.kle/	almizcle	/aw.ˈmiʃ.kaʁ/	almíscar	musk

→ /ew/⟨eu⟩ · not before nasal · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/djos/	dios	/dewʃ/	deus	god

→ /jɔ/⟨io⟩ · not before nasal · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈkjos.ko/	quiosco	/ˈkjɔʃ.ki/	quiosque	kiosk