Sibilants-pt

1,279 cognate pairs

/z, ʃ, s, ʒ/⟨s⟩ → /s/413 pairs

source

→ /s/⟨s⟩ · 401

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/si/	si	/si/	se	if
/si/	sí	/si/	si	himself/herself (after preposition)
/les/	les	/ʎeʃ/	lhes	to them (clitic dat pl.)
/mes/	mes	/meʃ/	mês	month
/sal/	sal	/saw/	sal	salt
/seð/	sed	/ˈse.dʒi/	sede	thirst
/seɾ/	ser	/seʁ/	ser	to be
/ˈu.so/	uso	/ˈu.zu/	uso	use
/ˈas.na/	asna	/ˈaʒ.nɐ/	asna	female donkey
/ˈka.sa/	casa	/ˈka.zɐ/	casa	house
/ˈka.so/	caso	/ˈka.zu/	caso	case
/ˈes.te/	este	/ˈeʃ.tʃi/	este	this (m.)
/ˈme.sa/	mesa	/ˈme.zɐ/	mesa	table
/ˈri.sa/	risa	/ˈʁi.zu/	riso	laughter
/ˈsa.ko/	saco	/ˈsa.ku/	saco	sack
/ˈse.ka/	seca	/ˈse.kɐ/	seca	dry
/ˈse.ða/	seda	/ˈse.dɐ/	seda	silk
/sejs/	seis	/sejʃ/	seis	six
/ˈsu.ja/	suya	/ˈsu.ɐ/	sua	his/her (tonic, f.)
/tɾes/	tres	/tɾeʃ/	três	three
/ˈba.so/	vaso	/ˈva.zu/	vaso	vessel
/ˈbi.so/	viso	/ˈvi.zu/	viso	view, appearance
/ˈas.tɾo/	astro	/ˈaʃ.tɾu/	astro	star
/ka.ˈsaɾ/	casar	/ka.ˈzaʁ/	casar	to marry
/ˈkas.ta/	casta	/ˈkaʃ.tɐ/	casta	chaste
/ˈkuɾ.so/	curso	/ˈkuʁ.su/	curso	course
/ˈdes.de/	desde	/ˈdeʒ.dʒi/	desde	from, since
/ˈe.jos/	ellos	/ˈe.liʃ/	eles	they (m. pl.)
/es.ˈtaɾ/	estar	/eʃ.ˈtaʁ/	estar	to be (state)
/ˈfal.sa/	falsa	/ˈfaw.sɐ/	falsa	false
/ˈxus.ta/	justa	/ˈʒuʃ.tɐ/	justa	just (f.)
/ˈmos.ka/	mosca	/ˈmoʃ.kɐ/	mosca	fly
/na.ˈsal/	nasal	/na.ˈzaw/	nasal	nasal
/ˈpas.ta/	pasta	/ˈpaʃ.tɐ/	pasta	paste
/ˈpas.to/	pasto	/ˈpaʃ.tu/	pasto	pasture, food
/ˈpa.u.sa/	pausa	/ˈpa.u.zɐ/	pausa	pause
/po.ˈsaɾ/	posar	/pow.ˈzaʁ/	pousar	to lodge, alight
/sa.ˈβeɾ/	saber	/sa.ˈbeʁ/	saber	to know
/sa.ˈβoɾ/	sabor	/sa.ˈboʁ/	sabor	taste, flavor
/sa.ˈkaɾ/	sacar	/sa.ˈkaʁ/	sacar	to take out
/ˈsa.kɾa/	sacra	/ˈsa.kɾɐ/	sacra	sacred
/sa.ˈe.ta/	saeta	/ˈse.tɐ/	seta	arrow
/sa.ˈɣas/	sagaz	/sa.ˈgaʃ/	sagaz	sagacious, shrewd
/sa.ˈlaɾ/	salar	/sa.ˈlaʁ/	salar	to salt
/sa.ˈliɾ/	salir	/sa.ˈiʁ/	sair	to leave
/ˈsal.to/	salto	/ˈsaw.tu/	salto	leap
/sa.ˈluð/	salud	/sa.ˈu.dʒi/	saúde	health
/se.ˈɣaɾ/	segar	/se.ˈgaʁ/	segar	to cut, harvest
/ˈseks.to/	sexto	/ˈseʃ.tu/	sexto	sixth
/se.ˈɲal/	señal	/si.ˈnaw/	sinal	sign, signal
/se.ˈɲoɾ/	señor	/se.ˈɲoʁ/	senhor	lord, sir
/ˈsiɣ.no/	signo	/ˈsig.nu/	signo	sign
/ˈso.βɾe/	sobre	/ˈso.bɾi/	sobre	on, over
/so.ˈlaɾ/	solar	/so.ˈlaʁ/	solar	solar
/so.ˈpoɾ/	sopor	/so.ˈpoʁ/	sopor	deep sleep
/so.ˈɲaɾ/	soñar	/su.ˈɲaʁ/	sonhar	to dream
/su.ˈβiɾ/	subir	/su.ˈbiʁ/	subir	to climb
/ˈsu.sja/	sucia	/ˈsu.ʒɐ/	suja	dirty (f.)
/su.ˈðaɾ/	sudar	/su.ˈaʁ/	suar	to sweat
/u.ˈsu.ɾa/	usura	/u.ˈzu.ɾɐ/	usura	usury
/a.ˈɣos.ta/	agosta	/a.ˈgoʃ.tɐ/	agosta	august (f.)
/bus.ˈkaɾ/	buscar	/buʃ.ˈkaʁ/	buscar	to seek
/ka.ˈsa.ða/	casada	/ka.ˈza.dɐ/	casada	married (f.)
/kos.ˈtaɾ/	costar	/kuʃ.ˈtaʁ/	custar	to cost
/da.ˈɲo.sa/	dañosa	/dɐ.ˈno.zɐ/	danosa	harmful, damaging (f.)
/es.ˈka.la/	escala	/eʃ.ˈka.lɐ/	escala	stair, scale
/es.ˈku.ðo/	escudo	/eʃ.ˈku.du/	escudo	shield
/es.ˈpe.xo/	espejo	/eʃ.ˈpe.ʎu/	espelho	mirror
/es.ˈta.ða/	estada	/eʃ.ˈta.dɐ/	estada	been, stay
/fa.ˈmo.so/	famoso	/fɐ.ˈmo.zu/	famoso	famous
/fu.ˈmo.so/	fumoso	/fu.ˈmo.zu/	fumoso	smoky
/la.ˈno.so/	lanoso	/lɐ.ˈno.zu/	lanoso	woolly
/li.ˈmo.so/	limoso	/li.ˈmo.zu/	limoso	muddy
/me.ˈsu.ɾa/	mesura	/me.ˈzu.ɾɐ/	mesura	moderation, measure
/ˈmu.si.ka/	música	/ˈmu.zi.kɐ/	música	music
/ˈmu.si.ko/	músico	/ˈmu.zi.ku/	músico	musician
/o.ˈðjo.sa/	odiosa	/u.ˈdjo.zɐ/	odiosa	hateful, odious
/pas.ˈtoɾ/	pastor	/paʃ.ˈtoʁ/	pastor	shepherd
/pen.ˈsaɾ/	pensar	/pẽ.ˈsaʁ/	pensar	to think
/pes.ˈkaɾ/	pescar	/peʃ.ˈkaʁ/	pescar	to fish
/po.ˈɾo.so/	poroso	/po.ˈɾo.zu/	poroso	porous
/po.ˈsa.ða/	posada	/pow.ˈza.dɐ/	pousada	lodging, inn
/po.ˈsa.ðo/	posado	/pow.ˈza.du/	pousado	lodged ≠ alighted
/ra.ˈmo.so/	ramoso	/ʁɐ.ˈmo.zu/	ramoso	branchy
/res.ˈtaɾ/	restar	/ʁeʃ.ˈtaʁ/	restar	to remain, subtract
/ru.ˈɣo.so/	rugoso	/ʁu.ˈgo.zu/	rugoso	wrinkled, rugged
/sa.ˈla.ða/	salada	/sa.ˈla.dɐ/	salada	salted (f.)
/sa.ˈli.ða/	salida	/sa.ˈli.dɐ/	salida	left, gone out (f.), exit
/sa.ˈli.ða/	salida	/sa.ˈi.dɐ/	saída	left, gone out (f.), exit
/sal.ˈtaɾ/	saltar	/saw.ˈtaʁ/	saltar	to jump
/sal.ˈβaɾ/	salvar	/saw.ˈvaʁ/	salvar	to save
/se.ˈɣa.ða/	segada	/se.ˈga.dɐ/	segada	mowed, harvested (f.)
/se.ˈɣu.ɾa/	segura	/se.ˈgu.ɾɐ/	segura	sure, safe
/sen.ˈtaɾ/	sentar	/sẽ.ˈtaʁ/	sentar	to seat
/sen.ˈtiɾ/	sentir	/sẽ.ˈtʃiʁ/	sentir	to feel
/seɾ.ˈβiɾ/	servir	/seʁ.ˈviʁ/	servir	to serve
/su.ˈða.ða/	sudada	/su.ˈda.dɐ/	sudada	sweated (f.)
/ˈsa.βa.ðo/	sábado	/ˈsa.ba.du/	sábado	Saturday
/ˈsa.pi.ða/	sápida	/ˈsa.pi.dɐ/	sápida	tasty, sapid (f.)
/ˈsu.βi.to/	súbito	/ˈsu.bi.tu/	súbito	sudden
/tes.ˈtaɾ/	testar	/teʃ.ˈtaʁ/	testar	to testify
/ˈtɾis.te/	triste	/ˈtʃɾiʃ.tʃi/	triste	sad
/be.ˈno.so/	venoso	/ve.ˈno.zu/	venoso	veiny
/bes.ˈtiɾ/	vestir	/veʃ.ˈtʃiʁ/	vestir	to dress, clothe
/bi.ˈno.so/	vinoso	/vi.ˈno.zu/	vinoso	vinous, wine-like
/bi.ˈɾo.so/	viroso	/vi.ˈɾo.zu/	viroso	poisonous, viral
/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/	abusiva	/a.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/	abusiva	abusive (f.)
/a.mo.ˈɾo.so/	amoroso	/ɐ.mu.ˈɾo.zu/	amoroso	loving, amorous
/a.ni.ˈmo.so/	animoso	/ɐ.ni.ˈmo.zu/	animoso	spirited, courageous
/a.ɾe.ˈno.so/	arenoso	/a.ɾe.ˈno.zu/	arenoso	sandy
/ka.ˈjo.so/	calloso	/ka.ˈlo.zu/	caloso	callous
/kaɾ.ˈno.so/	carnoso	/kaʁ.ˈno.zu/	carnoso	fleshy
/ka.sa.ˈðoɾ/	casador	/ka.za.ˈdoʁ/	casador	matchmaker
/kas.ˈtɾaɾ/	castrar	/kaʃ.ˈtɾaʁ/	castrar	to castrate
/kon.ˈse.xo/	consejo	/kõ.ˈse.ʎu/	conselho	counsel
/kon.ˈsi.ɣo/	consigo	/ko.ˈzi.gu/	consigo	with him/herself
/kos.ˈta.ða/	costada	/kuʃ.ˈta.dɐ/	costada	cost
/ku.ˈɾjo.sa/	curiosa	/ku.ˈʁjo.zɐ/	curiosa	curious (f.)
/es.ˈkɾi.ta/	escrita	/eʃ.ˈkɾi.tɐ/	escrita	written (f.)
/es.ˈtɾa.ða/	estrada	/eʃ.ˈtɾa.dɐ/	estrada	road
/es.tu.ˈpoɾ/	estupor	/eʃ.tu.ˈpoʁ/	estupor	stupor
/glo.ˈβo.so/	globoso	/glu.ˈbo.zu/	globoso	globular
/gus.ˈto.so/	gustoso	/guʃ.ˈto.zu/	gostoso	tasty
/eɾ.ˈβo.so/	herboso	/eʁ.ˈbo.zu/	herboso	grassy
/le.ˈpɾo.so/	leproso	/le.ˈpɾo.zu/	leproso	leprous
/jo.ˈɾo.sa/	llorosa	/ʃu.ˈɾo.zɐ/	chorosa	tearful (f.)
/mon.ˈto.so/	montoso	/mõ.ˈto.zu/	montoso	mountainous
/moɾ.ˈβo.so/	morboso	/muʁ.ˈbo.zu/	morboso	sickly, morbid
/mos.ˈtɾaɾ/	mostrar	/moʃ.ˈtɾaʁ/	mostrar	to show
/neɾ.ˈβo.so/	nervoso	/neʁ.ˈvo.zu/	nervoso	nervous
/o.pe.ˈɾo.so/	operoso	/u.pe.ˈɾo.zu/	operoso	laborious
/pen.ˈsa.ða/	pensada	/pẽ.ˈsa.dɐ/	pensada	thought (f.)
/peɾ.ˈso.na/	persona	/peʃ.ˈso.ɐ/	pessoa	person
/pes.ˈka.ða/	pescada	/peʃ.ˈka.dɐ/	pescada	fished (f.)
/pe.ˈtɾo.so/	petroso	/pe.ˈtɾo.zu/	petroso	rocky, stony
/po.sa.ˈðoɾ/	posador	/pow.za.ˈdoʁ/	pousador	one who poses, lodger
/pos.ˈtu.ɾa/	postura	/poʃ.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	postura	posture, position
/res.ˈta.ða/	restada	/ʁeʃ.ˈta.dɐ/	restada	remained
/ro.ˈβus.ta/	robusta	/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tɐ/	robusta	robust, strong (f.)
/ro.ˈsa.ɾjo/	rosario	/ʁu.ˈza.ʁju/	rosário	rosary
/ˈrus.ti.ka/	rústica	/ˈʁuʃ.tʃi.kɐ/	rústica	rustic
/sa.la.ˈðoɾ/	salador	/sa.la.ˈdoʁ/	salador	salter
/sal.ˈta.ða/	saltada	/saw.ˈta.dɐ/	saltada	jumped (f.)
/sa.lu.ˈðaɾ/	saludar	/sa.u.ˈdaʁ/	saudar	to greet
/sal.ˈβa.ða/	salvada	/saw.ˈva.dɐ/	salvada	saved (f.)
/sa.ni.ˈðað/	sanidad	/sɐ.ni.ˈda.dʒi/	sanidade	health
/se.ˈkɾe.to/	secreto	/se.ˈgɾe.du/	segredo	secret
/se.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	segador	/se.ga.ˈdoʁ/	segador	reaper, harvester
/se.na.ˈðoɾ/	senador	/se.na.ˈdoʁ/	senador	senator
/sen.ˈti.ða/	sentida	/sẽ.ˈtʃi.dɐ/	sentida	felt (f.)
/so.ˈla.ɾjo/	solario	/su.ˈla.ʁju/	solário	solarium
/sol.ˈda.ðo/	soldado	/sow.ˈda.du/	soldado	soldier
/su.ða.ˈðoɾ/	sudador	/su.a.ˈdoʁ/	suador	sweater
/tes.ˈta.ða/	testada	/teʃ.ˈta.dɐ/	testada	tested, testified
/ben.ˈto.so/	ventoso	/vẽ.ˈto.zu/	ventoso	windy
/bes.ˈti.ða/	vestida	/veʃ.ˈtʃi.dɐ/	vestida	dressed
/aɾ.ðo.ˈɾo.so/	ardoroso	/aʁ.du.ˈɾo.zu/	ardoroso	ardent, passionate
/ka.lo.ˈɾo.so/	caloroso	/ka.lo.ˈɾo.zu/	caloroso	warm, hearty
/kas.ˈtɾa.ða/	castrada	/kaʃ.ˈtɾa.dɐ/	castrada	castrated (f.)
/kos.ta.ˈðoɾ/	costador	/kuʃ.ta.ˈdoʁ/	costador	establisher (rare)
/de.ko.ˈɾo.so/	decoroso	/de.ku.ˈɾo.zu/	decoroso	decorous
/do.lo.ˈɾo.so/	doloroso	/du.lu.ˈɾo.zu/	doloroso	painful, sorrowful
/es.ku.ˈtʃaɾ/	escuchar	/eʃ.ku.ˈtaʁ/	escutar	to listen
/es.ˈtu.pi.ða/	estúpida	/iʃ.ˈtu.pi.dɐ/	estúpida	stupid (f.)
/fa.βo.ˈɾo.so/	favoroso	/fa.vu.ˈɾo.zu/	favoroso	favorable
/xe.ne.ˈɾo.so/	generoso	/ʒe.ne.ˈɾo.zu/	generoso	generous
/glo.ˈɾjo.sa/	gloriosa	/glu.ˈʁjo.zɐ/	gloriosa	glorious (f.)
/o.no.ˈɾo.so/	honoroso	/u.nu.ˈɾo.zu/	honoroso	honorable
/in.ˈsi.pi.ða/	insípida	/ĩ.ˈsi.pi.dɐ/	insípida	tasteless, insipid (f.)
/juβ.ˈjo.sa/	lluviosa	/ʃu.ˈvo.zɐ/	chuvosa	rainy (f.)
/lu.mi.ˈno.so/	luminoso	/lu.mi.ˈno.zu/	luminoso	luminous
/mos.ˈtɾa.ða/	mostrada	/muʃ.ˈtɾa.dɐ/	mostrada	shown (f.)
/pen.sa.ˈðoɾ/	pensador	/pẽ.sa.ˈdoʁ/	pensador	thinker
/pes.ka.ˈðoɾ/	pescador	/peʃ.ka.ˈdoʁ/	pescador	fisherman
/po.si.ˈti.βa/	positiva	/pu.zi.ˈtʃi.vɐ/	positiva	positive (f.)
/po.tes.ˈtað/	potestad	/pu.teʃ.ˈta.dʒi/	potestade	power, authority
/res.ta.ˈðoɾ/	restador	/ʁeʃ.ta.ˈdoʁ/	restador	subtractor ≠ restorer
/ru.mo.ˈɾo.so/	rumoroso	/ʁu.mu.ˈɾo.zu/	rumoroso	noisy
/sa.ˈkɾa.ɾjo/	sacrario	/sa.ˈkɾa.ʁju/	sacrário	sanctuary
/sal.ta.ˈðoɾ/	saltador	/saw.ta.ˈdoʁ/	saltador	jumper
/sa.lu.ˈða.ða/	saludada	/sa.u.ˈda.dɐ/	saudada	greeted
/sal.βa.ˈðoɾ/	salvador	/saw.va.ˈdoʁ/	salvador	savior
/su.ðo.ˈɾo.so/	sudoroso	/su.du.ˈɾo.zu/	sudoroso	sweaty
/tes.ta.ˈðoɾ/	testador	/teʃ.ta.ˈdoʁ/	testador	testator, witness
/ba.lo.ˈɾo.so/	valoroso	/va.lo.ˈɾo.zu/	valoroso	valorous, brave
/ba.po.ˈɾo.so/	vaporoso	/va.pu.ˈɾo.zu/	vaporoso	vaporous, steamy
/kas.tɾa.ˈðoɾ/	castrador	/kaʃ.tɾa.ˈdoʁ/	castrador	castrator
/ka.βeɾ.ˈno.so/	cavernoso	/ka.veʁ.ˈno.zu/	cavernoso	cavernous
/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.so/	fervoroso	/feʁ.vo.ˈɾo.zu/	fervoroso	fervent, ardent
/in.sa.ni.ˈðað/	insanidad	/ĩ.sɐ.ni.ˈda.dʒi/	insanidade	insanity
/la.kɾi.ˈmo.so/	lacrimoso	/la.kɾi.ˈmo.zu/	lacrimoso	tearful
/mos.tɾa.ˈðoɾ/	mostrador	/moʃ.tɾa.ˈdoʁ/	mostrador	counter, display case
/res.pon.ˈdeɾ/	responder	/ʁeʃ.põ.ˈdeʁ/	responder	to answer
/sa.lu.ða.ˈðoɾ/	saludador	/sa.u.da.ˈdoʁ/	saudador	greeter
/se.ɾe.ni.ˈðað/	serenidad	/se.ɾe.ni.ˈda.dʒi/	serenidade	serenity
/tem.pes.ˈtað/	tempestad	/tẽ.peʃ.ˈta.dʒi/	tempestade	storm, tempest
/te.ne.ˈβɾo.so/	tenebroso	/te.ne.ˈbɾo.zu/	tenebroso	dark, gloomy
/seɾ.ˈβi.ða/	servida	/seʁ.ˈvi.dɐ/	servida	served (f. accusative past participle of SERVIRE)
/se/	se	/si/	se	himself/herself (clitic)
/dos/	dos	/dojʃ/	dois	two
/mas/	más	/majʃ/	mais	more
/sin/	sin	/sẽj/	sem	without
/sol/	sol	/sɔw/	sol	sun
/ˈko.sa/	cosa	/ˈkoj.zɐ/	coisa	thing
/djos/	dios	/dewʃ/	deus	god
/ˈes.to/	esto	/ˈiʃ.tu/	isto	this (neuter)
/ˈro.sa/	rosa	/ˈʁɔ.zɐ/	rosa	rose
/ˈsa.na/	sana	/sɐ̃/	sã	healthy
/ˈse.to/	seto	/ˈsɛ.tu/	seto	enclosure, hedge
/ˈsi.no/	sino	/se.ˈnɐ̃w/	senão	but, except
/ˈsu.jo/	suyo	/sew/	seu	his/her (tonic)
/ˈkos.ta/	costa	/ˈkɔʃ.tɐ/	costa	coast, cost
/ˈgus.to/	gusto	/ˈgoʃ.tu/	gosto	taste
/ˈme.nos/	menos	/ˈmẽ.nuʃ/	menos	less
/ˈmis.mo/	mismo	/ˈmeʒ.mu/	mesmo	same
/ˈres.to/	resto	/ˈʁɛʃ.tu/	resto	remainder
/ˈsan.ta/	santa	/ˈsɐ̃.tɐ/	santa	holy
/sa.ˈson/	sazón	/sa.ˈzɐ̃w/	sazão	season, ripeness
/ˈsje.te/	siete	/ˈsɛ.tʃi/	sete	seven
/ˈsi.glo/	siglo	/ˈsɛ.ku.lu/	século	century
/ˈsi.ja/	silla	/ˈsɛ.lɐ/	sela	chair ≠ saddle
/ˈsoɾ.ða/	sorda	/ˈsuʁ.dɐ/	surda	deaf (f.)
/su.ˈðoɾ/	sudor	/swoɾ/	suor	sweat
/ˈswe.lo/	suelo	/ˈsɔ.lu/	solo	ground
/ˈswe.ɲo/	sueño	/ˈso.nu/	sono	sleep, dream
/ˈtes.ta/	testa	/ˈtɛʃ.tɐ/	testa	head ≠ forehead
/ˈbeɾ.so/	verso	/ˈvɛʁ.su/	verso	verse
/ˈbes.tja/	bestia	/ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/	besta	beast, brute
/ˈkɾes.ta/	cresta	/ˈkɾiʃ.tɐ/	crista	crest
/es.ˈpi.na/	espina	/eʃ.ˈpĩ.ɲɐ/	espinha	thorn
/es.ˈpo.sa/	esposa	/eʃ.ˈpɔ.zɐ/	esposa	spouse, wife
/ˈfjes.ta/	fiesta	/ˈfɛʃ.tɐ/	festa	feast
/ˈwes.te/	hueste	/ˈɔʃ.tʃi/	hoste	army, host
/in.ˈsa.na/	insana	/ĩ.ˈsɐ.nɐ/	insana	insane (f.)
/ˈpwes.to/	puesto	/ˈpoʃ.tu/	posto	placed, position
/ˈsaŋ.gɾe/	sangre	/ˈsɐ̃.gi/	sangue	blood
/se.ˈma.na/	semana	/se.ˈmɐ.nɐ/	semana	week
/se.ˈɾe.na/	serena	/se.ˈɾẽ.nɐ/	serena	serene, calm (f.)
/ˈsje.ra/	sierra	/ˈsɛ.ʁɐ/	serra	mountain range
/ˈsjeɾ.βa/	sierva	/ˈsɛʁ.vɐ/	serva	female servant
/ˈswel.do/	sueldo	/ˈsow.du/	soldo	salary
/ˈsweɾ.te/	suerte	/ˈsɔʁ.tʃi/	sorte	lot, fate, luck
/a.si.ˈni.na/	asinina	/a.zi.ˈnĩ.nɐ/	asinina	donkey-like
/ka.ˈsan.do/	casando	/ka.ˈzɐ̃.du/	casando	marrying
/ka.ˈsan.te/	casante	/ka.ˈzɐ̃.tʃi/	casante	marrying
/kas.ˈta.ɲa/	castaña	/kaʃ.ˈtɐ.ɲɐ/	castanha	chestnut
/ˈdjes.tɾa/	diestra	/ˈdɛʃ.tɾɐ/	destra	right hand
/es.ˈkwe.la/	escuela	/eʃ.ˈkɔ.lɐ/	escola	school
/es.ˈtan.do/	estando	/eʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	estando	standing/being
/is.ˈpa.na/	hispana	/iʃ.ˈpɐ.nɐ/	hispana	Hispanic, Spanish
/ma.ˈes.tɾo/	maestro	/ˈmɛʃ.tɾi/	mestre	master
/po.ˈsan.do/	posando	/pow.ˈzɐ̃.du/	pousando	lodging ≠ alighting
/po.ˈsan.te/	posante	/pow.ˈzɐ̃.tʃi/	pousante	pausing
/sa.ˈlan.do/	salando	/sa.ˈlɐ̃.du/	salando	salting
/sa.ˈlan.te/	salante	/sa.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	salante	salting
/se.ˈkan.te/	secante	/se.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/	secante	cutting, secant
/sek.ˈsjon/	sección	/se.ˈsɐ̃w/	seção	section
/se.ˈɣan.do/	segando	/se.ˈgɐ̃.du/	segando	mowing
/se.ˈɣun.da/	segunda	/se.ˈgũ.dɐ/	segunda	second
/se.ˈsen.ta/	sesenta	/se.ˈsẽ.tɐ/	sessenta	sixty
/se.ˈten.ta/	setenta	/se.ˈtẽ.tɐ/	setenta	seventy
/ˈsjem.pɾe/	siempre	/ˈsẽ.pɾi/	sempre	always
/sil.ˈβa.na/	silvana	/siw.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	silvana	sylvan
/so.ˈβɾi.no/	sobrino	/so.ˈbɾĩ.ɲu/	sobrinho	nephew
/su.ˈðan.do/	sudando	/su.ˈɐ̃.du/	suando	sweating
/su.ˈðan.te/	sudante	/su.ˈɐ̃.tʃi/	suante	sweating
/kas.ˈti.jo/	castillo	/kaʃ.ˈtɛ.lu/	castelo	castle
/es.kɾi.ˈβiɾ/	escribir	/eʃ.kɾe.ˈveʁ/	escrever	to write
/es.ta.ˈsjon/	estación	/eʃ.ta.ˈsɐ̃w/	estação	station, season
/es.ˈtɾe.tʃa/	estrecha	/eʃ.ˈtɾej.tɐ/	estreita	tight, narrow
/es.ˈtɾe.ja/	estrella	/eʃ.ˈtɾɛ.lɐ/	estrela	star
/is.ˈto.ɾja/	historia	/iʃ.ˈtɔ.ʁjɐ/	história	story
/no.ˈso.tɾos/	nosotros	/nɔʃ/	nós	we (1pl)
/pen.ˈsan.do/	pensando	/pẽ.ˈsɐ̃.du/	pensando	thinking
/pen.ˈsan.te/	pensante	/pẽ.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/	pensante	thinking
/pes.ˈkan.do/	pescando	/peʃ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	pescando	fishing
/pes.ˈkan.te/	pescante	/peʃ.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/	pescante	fishing
/pɾe.ˈsen.te/	presente	/pɾe.ˈzẽ.tʃi/	presente	present, gift
/res.ˈtan.do/	restando	/ʁeʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	restando	remaining
/res.ˈtan.te/	restante	/ʁeʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/	restante	remaining
/sal.ˈtan.do/	saltando	/saw.ˈtɐ̃.du/	saltando	jumping
/sal.ˈtan.te/	saltante	/saw.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/	saltante	jumping
/sal.ˈβan.do/	salvando	/saw.ˈvɐ̃.du/	salvando	saving
/sal.ˈβan.te/	salvante	/saw.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	salvante	saving
/tes.ˈtan.do/	testando	/teʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	testando	testifying
/tes.ˈtan.te/	testante	/teʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/	testante	testifying
/bo.ˈso.tɾos/	vosotros	/vɔʃ/	vós	you (2pl)
/kas.ˈtɾan.te/	castrante	/kaʃtʃ.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	castrante	castrating
/kɾist.ˈja.no/	cristiano	/kɾiʃ.ˈtɐ̃w/	cristão	Christian
/do.ˈmes.ti.ka/	doméstica	/du.ˈmɛʃ.tʃi.kɐ/	doméstica	domestic
/es.kɾi.ˈβa.no/	escribano	/eʃ.kɾi.ˈvɐ̃w/	escrivão	scribe, notary
/mon.ˈta.ɲo.sa/	montañosa	/mõ.ˈtɐ.ɲo.zɐ/	montanhosa	mountainous (f.)
/mos.ˈtɾan.te/	mostrante	/muʃtʃ.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	mostrante	showing
/sa.lu.ˈðan.do/	saludando	/sa.u.ˈdɐ̃.du/	saudando	greeting
/sa.lu.ˈðan.te/	saludante	/sa.u.ˈdɐ̃.tʃi/	saudante	greeting
/seɾ.ˈpjen.te/	serpiente	/seʁ.ˈpẽ.tʃi/	serpente	snake
/se.ˈtjem.bɾe/	setiembre	/se.ˈtẽ.bɾu/	setembro	September
/kɾis.ta.ˈli.na/	cristalina	/kɾiʃ.ta.ˈlĩ.nɐ/	cristalina	crystalline
/seɾ.pen.ˈti.na/	serpentina	/seʁ.pẽ.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/	serpentina	serpentine
/bes.peɾ.ˈti.na/	vespertina	/veʃ.peʁ.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/	vespertina	evening, vespertine (f.)
/kos.ˈtan.do/	costando	/kuʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	costando	costing (gerund)
/kos.ˈtan.te/	costante	/kuʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/	costante	constant (archaic/patrimonial)
/kas.ˈtɾan.do/	castrando	/kaʃ.ˈtɾɐ̃.du/	castrando	castrating, pruning (gerund)
/mos.ˈtɾan.do/	mostrando	/moʃ.ˈtɾɐ̃.du/	mostrando	showing (gerund)
/gɾis/	gris	/gɾiʃ/	gris	gray
/ˈsa.la/	sala	/ˈsa.lɐ/	sala	room, hall
/so.ˈfa/	sofá	/so.ˈfa/	sofá	sofa
/su.ˈfi/	sufi	/su.ˈfi/	sufi	sufí, Islamic mystic
/su.ˈfi/	sufí	/su.ˈfi/	sufi	sufí
/ˈgi.sa/	guisa	/ˈgi.zɐ/	guisa	guisa, manner
/ˈu.mus/	humus	/ˈu.muʃ/	húmus	humus
/ˈlis.ta/	lista	/ˈliʃ.tɐ/	lista	list, stripe
/es.ˈta.ka/	estaca	/eʃ.ˈta.kɐ/	estaca	stake, pole
/ˈfɾas.ko/	frasco	/ˈfɾaʃ.ku/	frasco	flask, jar
/ˈfɾes.ko/	fresco	/ˈfɾeʃ.ku/	fresco	fresh, cool
/gi.ˈsaɾ/	guisar	/gi.ˈzaʁ/	guisar	to cook
/ˈsa.a.ɾa/	sahara	/ˈsa.a.ɾɐ/	sahara	Sáhara, desert
/es.ˈtɾi.βo/	estribo	/eʃ.ˈtɾi.bu/	estribo	stirrup
/ˈso.pa/	sopa	/ˈsɔ.pɐ/	sopa	soup
/ˈgan.so/	ganso	/ˈgɐ̃.zu/	ganso	goose
/ˈbos.ke/	bosque	/ˈbɔʃ.ki/	bosque	forest, woods
/si.ˈɾo.ko/	siroco	/si.ˈɾɔ.ku/	siroco	sirocco
/sul.ˈtan/	sultán	/suw.ˈtɐ̃w/	sultão	sultán
/kaɾ.me.ˈsi/	carmesí	/kaʁ.me.ˈzĩ/	carmesim	crimson
/es.ˈki.na/	esquina	/eʃ.ˈkĩ.nɐ/	esquina	corner
/ˈdo.sa/	dosa	/ˈdo.zɐ/	dosa	dosa
/kβas/	kvas	/kvaʃ/	kvas	kvas
/ˈna.si/	nasi	/ˈna.zi/	nasi	nasi, cooked rice
/ˈsa.ɣo/	sago	/ˈsa.gu/	sago	sago, palm starch
/sa.ˈɣu/	sagu	/sa.ˈgu/	sagu	sagú, palm starch
/ˈsa.ɾi/	sari	/ˈsa.ɾi/	sari	sari
/ˈsa.ja/	saya	/ˈsa.jɐ/	saya	saya, sword scabbard
/ˈse.βa/	seva	/ˈse.vɐ/	seva	seva, selfless service
/ˈsi.ta/	sita	/ˈsi.tɐ/	sita	Sita, Hindu deity
/ˈso.xu/	soju	/ˈso.ʒu/	soju	soju
/bals/	vals	/ˈvaw.sɐ/	valsa	waltz
/pa.ˈpus/	papus	/pa.ˈpuʃ/	papus	papús, Native American baby
/ˈsa.ðu/	sadhu	/ˈsa.du/	sadhu	sadhu, Hindu holy man
/sa.ˈib/	sahib	/sa.ˈib/	sahib	sahib
/ˈsat.ja/	satya	/ˈsa.tjɐ/	satya	satya, Hindu truth
/ˈse.ðeɾ/	seder	/ˈse.deʁ/	seder	Séder, Passover ritual meal
/si.ˈtaɾ/	sitar	/si.ˈtaʁ/	sitar	sitar
/ˈsu.ka/	sukha	/ˈsu.kɐ/	sukha	sukha, happiness
/ˈsuɾ.ja/	surya	/ˈsu.ʁjɐ/	surya	Surya, Hindu sun god
/ˈsu.si/	sushi	/ˈsu.ʃi/	sushi	sushi
/ˈsu.tɾa/	sutra	/ˈsu.tɾɐ/	sutra	sutra
/ˈsβa.a/	svaha	/ˈʒva.ɐ/	svaha	svaha, ritual mantra ending
/ˈta.pas/	tapas	/ˈta.paʃ/	tapas	tapas, austerity
/buɾst/	wurst	/vuʁʃt/	wurst	wurst, German sausage
/a.ˈim.sa/	ahimsa	/a.ˈim.sɐ/	ahimsa	ahimsa
/ˈdim.san/	dimsum	/ˈdʒim.sɐ̃m/	dim-sum	dim sum
/es.ˈnaps/	esnaps	/ʃnapʃ/	schnaps	schnapps
/ma.ˈsa.la/	masala	/ma.ˈza.lɐ/	masala	masala, spice mix
/sa.ˈfa.ɾi/	safari	/sa.ˈfa.ɾi/	safari	safari
/ˈsam.bal/	sambal	/sɐ̃.ˈbaw/	sambal	sambal, chili paste
/sa.ˈto.ɾi/	satori	/sa.ˈto.ɾi/	satori	satori
/sen.ˈsej/	sensei	/sẽ.ˈsej/	sensei	sensei
/ˈsu.mi.βi/	sumibi	/ˈsu.mi.bi/	sumibi	sumibi, charcoal grilling
/wa.ˈsa.βi/	wasabi	/wa.ˈsa.bi/	wasabi	wasabi
/ˈdim.sum/	dim-sum	/ˈdʒim.sɐ̃m/	dim-sum	dim-sum
/o.ˈma.ka.se/	omakase	/o.ˈma.ka.zi/	omakase	omakase, chef's tasting menu
/sa.ˈma.ði/	samadhi	/sɐ.ˈma.dʒi/	samadhi	samadhi, meditative absorption
/sa.mo.ˈβaɾ/	samovar	/sɐ.mo.ˈvaʁ/	samovar	samovar
/sam.ˈsa.ɾa/	samsara	/sɐ̃.ˈsa.ɾɐ/	samsara	samsara
/sa.ˈʃi.ko/	sashiko	/sa.ˈʃi.ku/	sashiko	sashiko, Japanese stitching
/soɾ.ˈbe.te/	sorbete	/soʁ.ˈve.tʃi/	sorvete	sorbete
/sput.ˈnik/	sputnik	/ʃput.ˈnik/	sputnik	Sputnik (satellite)
/glas.ˈnost/	glasnost	/glaʒ.ˈnoʃt/	glasnost	glasnost
/sa.jo.ˈna.ɾa/	sayonara	/sa.jo.ˈna.ɾɐ/	sayonara	sayonara
/san.ˈja.sin/	sannyasin	/sɐ̃.ˈja.zĩ/	sannyasin	sannyasin, Hindu renunciant
/sa.ɾas.ˈba.ti/	saraswati	/sa.ɾaʒ.ˈva.tʃi/	saraswati	Saraswati, Hindu goddess
/wa.βi.ˈsa.βi/	wabi-sabi	/wa.bi.ˈsa.bi/	wabi-sabi	wabi-sabi
/pe.ɾes.ˈtɾoj.ka/	perestroika	/pe.ɾeʃ.ˈtɾoj.kɐ/	perestroika	perestroika
/ˈsa.ɣo/	sago	/sa.ˈgu/	sagu	sago, palm starch
/sa.ˈɣu/	sagu	/ˈsa.gu/	sago	sagú, palm starch
/ˈsa.ke/	sake	/sa.ˈke/	saquê	sake
/ˈso.βa/	soba	/ˈsɔ.bɐ/	soba	soba, buckwheat noodle
/ˈsu.mo/	sumo	/su.ˈmo/	sumô	sumo
/a.ˈsa.na/	asana	/a.ˈzɐ.nɐ/	asana	asana
/ˈma.nas/	manas	/ˈmɐ.naʃ/	manas	manas, mind
/ˈon.sen/	onsen	/ˈõ.sẽ/	onsen	onsen
/ˈsa.u.na/	sauna	/ˈsaw.nɐ/	sauna	sauna
/es.ˈpjel/	spiel	/ʃpiw/	spiel	spiel, sales pitch
/ˈswa.mi/	swami	/ˈswɐ.mi/	swami	swami
/bon.ˈsa.i/	bonsái	/bõ.ˈsaj/	bonsai	bonsai
/ˈdim.san/	dimsum	/ˈdʒĩ.sɐ̃/	dimsum	dim sum
/kis.ˈmet/	kismet	/kiʒ.ˈmɛt/	kismet	kismet, destiny
/sa.ˈβa.na/	sabana	/sa.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	savana	sabana
/ˈsa.ku.ɾa/	sakura	/sa.ku.ˈɾɐ/	sakura	sakura, cherry blossom
/sa.ˈmo.sa/	samosa	/sɐ.ˈmɔ.zɐ/	samosa	samosa, fried pastry
/ˈsaŋ.ga/	sangha	/ˈsɐ̃.gɐ/	sangha	sangha, Buddhist community
/ˈsen.tʃa/	sencha	/ˈsẽ.tʃɐ/	sencha	sencha, green tea
/ˈdim.sum/	dim-sum	/ˈdʒĩ.sɐ̃/	dimsum	dim-sum
/ˈkjos.ko/	quiosco	/ˈkjɔʃ.ki/	quiosque	kiosk
/sa.mu.ˈɾa.i/	samurai	/sɐ.mu.ˈɾaj/	samurai	samurái, warrior
/sa.mu.ˈɾa.i/	samurái	/sɐ.mu.ˈɾaj/	samurai	samurai
/ˈsaŋk.ja/	sankhya	/ˈsɐ̃.kjɐ/	sankhya	Samkhya, Hindu philosophical school
/ˈsa.tsaŋ/	satsang	/sa.ˈtsɐ̃/	satsang	satsang, spiritual gathering
/es.tɾu.ˈðel/	strudel	/iʃ.tɾu.ˈdew/	strudel	strudel
/ʃa.ˈmi.sen/	shamisen	/ʃɐ.mi.ˈzẽ/	shamisen	shamisen, Japanese 3-stringed instrument
/es.ˈβas.ti.ka/	esvástica	/ˈswaʃ.tʃi.kɐ/	suástica	esvástica

→ /s/⟨z⟩ · 7

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈsa.fɾa/	zafra	/ˈsa.fɾɐ/	safra	harvest (esp. sugar-cane harvest)
/sa.ˈfi.ɾo/	zafiro	/sa.ˈfi.ɾɐ/	safira	sapphire
/al.ˈmis.kle/	almizcle	/aw.ˈmiʃ.kaʁ/	almíscar	musk
/xas.ˈmin/	jazmín	/ʒaʒ.ˈmĩ/	jasmim	jasmine
/mas.ˈmo.ra/	mazmorra	/maʒ.ˈmɔ.ʁɐ/	masmorra	dungeon, underground prison
/mes.ˈki.no/	mezquino	/meʃ.ˈkĩ.ɲu/	mesquinho	poor, wretched
/mes.ˈkal/	mezcal	/meʃ.ˈkaw/	mescal	mezcal

→ /ks/⟨x⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/eks.ˈtɾa.ɲa/	extraña	/eʃ.ˈtɾɐ.ɲɐ/	estranha	foreign, strange (f.)

→ /tʃ/⟨ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kitʃ/	kitsch	/kiʃ/	kitsch	kitsch

→ /ɾ/⟨r⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/peɾ.ˈso.na/	persona	/peʃ.ˈso.ɐ/	pessoa	person

→ /z/⟨s⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/po.zi.ˈsjon/	posición	/po.zi.ˈsɐ̃w/	posição	position

→ /esʃ/⟨sch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/esʃ.ni.ˈtsel/	schnitzel	/ˈʃni.tsew/	schnitzel	schnitzel

/ʃ/⟨ch⟩ → /j/52 pairs

source

→ /j/⟨ll⟩ · 24

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈja.ɣa/	llaga	/ˈʃa.gɐ/	chaga	wound
/ˈja.βe/	llave	/ˈʃa.vi/	chave	key
/ˈjo.ɾo/	lloro	/ˈʃo.ɾu/	choro	weeping (noun)
/ja.ˈmaɾ/	llamar	/ʃɐ.ˈmaʁ/	chamar	to call
/je.ˈɣaɾ/	llegar	/ʃe.ˈgaʁ/	chegar	to arrive
/jo.ˈɾaɾ/	llorar	/ʃo.ˈɾaʁ/	chorar	to weep
/jo.ˈβeɾ/	llover	/ʃo.ˈveʁ/	chover	to rain
/ˈju.βja/	lluvia	/ˈʃu.vɐ/	chuva	rain
/ja.ˈma.ða/	llamada	/ʃɐ.ˈma.dɐ/	chamada	called (f.), call
/je.ˈɣa.ða/	llegada	/ʃe.ˈga.dɐ/	chegada	arrival, arrived (f.)
/jo.ˈɾa.ða/	llorada	/ʃu.ˈɾa.dɐ/	chorada	wept
/jo.ˈɾo.sa/	llorosa	/ʃu.ˈɾo.zɐ/	chorosa	tearful (f.)
/ja.ma.ˈðoɾ/	llamador	/ʃɐ.ma.ˈdoʁ/	chamador	caller, knocker
/jo.ɾa.ˈðoɾ/	llorador	/ʃu.ɾa.ˈdoʁ/	chorador	weeper
/juβ.ˈjo.sa/	lluviosa	/ʃu.ˈvo.zɐ/	chuvosa	rainy (f.)
/ja.ma.ˈti.βo/	llamativo	/ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈti.vu/	chamativo	eye-catching, attention-grabbing
/ˈja.ma/	llama	/ˈʃɐ.mɐ/	chama	flame
/ˈja.no/	llano	/ʃɐ̃w/	chão	flat, plain
/ˈje.na/	llena	/ˈʃej.ɐ/	cheia	full
/ja.ˈβe.ɾo/	llavero	/ʃɐ.ˈvej.ɾu/	chaveiro	key ring, key holder
/ja.ˈman.do/	llamando	/ʃɐ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	chamando	calling
/ja.ˈman.te/	llamante	/ʃɐ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/	chamante	calling
/jo.ˈɾan.do/	llorando	/ʃo.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	chorando	weeping
/jo.ˈɾan.te/	llorante	/ʃu.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	chorante	weeping

→ /tʃ/⟨ch⟩ · 25

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈtʃi.no/	chino	/ˈʃi.nu/	chino	Chinese
/ˈma.tʃo/	macho	/ˈma.ʃu/	macho	male
/ˈtʃu.ro/	churro	/ˈʃu.ʁu/	churro	fried dough pastry
/tʃam.ˈpan/	champan	/ʃɐ̃.ˈpɐ.ɲi/	champanhe	champagne
/tʃaj/	chai	/ʃaj/	chai	chai, spiced tea
/tʃit/	chit	/ʃit/	chit	chit, consciousness
/ˈtʃu.ɲo/	chuño	/ˈʃu.ɲu/	chunho	chuño (freeze-dried potato)
/ˈda.tʃa/	dacha	/ˈda.ʃɐ/	dacha	dacha
/ˈli.tʃi/	lichi	/ˈli.ʃi.ɐ/	lichia	lichi
/ˈtʃi.tʃa/	chicha	/ˈʃi.ʃa/	chicha	chicha
/glitʃ/	glitch	/gliʃ/	glitch	glitch, malfunction
/ˈpon.tʃo/	poncho	/ˈpon.ʃo/	poncho	poncho
/ˈtʃe.βol/	chaebol	/ˈʃe.bɔw/	chaebol	chaebol, Korean conglomerate
/tʃa.ˈpa.ti/	chapati	/ʃa.ˈpa.tʃi/	chapati	chapati, flatbread
/ˈtʃa.su.ke/	chazuke	/ˈʃa.zu.ki/	chazuke	chazuke, rice with tea
/tʃut.ˈnej/	chutney	/ʃut.ˈnej/	chutney	chutney, Indian condiment
/tʃo.ko.ˈla.te/	chocolate	/ʃo.ko.ˈla.tʃi/	chocolate	chocolate
/tʃin.ˈtʃi.ja/	chinchilla	/ʃin.ˈʃi.lɐ/	chinchila	chinchilla
/tʃam.ˈpu/	champú	/ʃɐ̃.ˈpo/	champô	shampoo
/ˈʃo.tʃu/	shochu	/ˈʃɔ.ʃu/	shochu	shochu, distilled spirit
/ˈtʃan.dɾa/	chandra	/ˈʃɐ̃.dɾɐ/	chandra	Chandra, Hindu moon god
/tʃi.ˈmek/	chimaek	/ʃi.ˈmɛk/	chimaek	chimaek, chicken-and-beer
/ˈxap.tʃe/	japchae	/ʒap.ˈʃe/	japchae	japchae, Korean glass noodles
/tʃa.ˈɾan.go/	charango	/ʃa.ˈɾã.go/	charango	charango
/ko.tʃu.ˈdʒan/	gochujang	/ko.ʃu.ˈdʒɐ̃/	gochujang	gochujang, chili paste

→ /kl/⟨cl⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kla.ˈmaɾ/	clamar	/ʃɐ.ˈmaʁ/	chamar	to clamor, cry out (literary/formal)

→ /tʃe/⟨che⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/deɾ.ˈbi.tʃe/	derviche	/deʁ.ˈvi.ʃi/	derviche	derviche

→ /ʃ/⟨sh⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	/gu.ˈla.ʃi/	gulache	gulash

/ʃ/⟨z, x, jj, ss, ∅, sch⟩ → /s/63 pairs

source

→ /s/⟨z⟩ · 19

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/lus/	luz	/luʃ/	luz	light
/pas/	paz	/paʃ/	paz	peace
/pes/	pez	/peʃ/	pez	pitch
/bes/	vez	/veʃ/	vez	turn, time
/kɾus/	cruz	/kɾuʃ/	cruz	cross
/a.u.ˈðas/	audaz	/a.u.ˈdaʃ/	audaz	bold, audacious
/ka.ˈpas/	capaz	/ka.ˈpaʃ/	capaz	capable
/fa.ˈlas/	falaz	/fa.ˈlaʃ/	falaz	deceitful, fallacious
/fe.ˈlis/	feliz	/fe.ˈliʃ/	feliz	happy, fortunate
/sa.ˈɣas/	sagaz	/sa.ˈgaʃ/	sagaz	sagacious, shrewd
/te.ˈnas/	tenaz	/te.ˈnaʃ/	tenaz	tenacious
/be.ˈɾas/	veraz	/ve.ˈɾaʃ/	veraz	truthful
/bo.ˈɾas/	voraz	/vu.ˈɾaʃ/	voraz	voracious
/bos/	voz	/vɔʃ/	voz	voice
/djes/	diez	/dɛʃ/	dez	ten
/nwes/	nuez	/nɔʃ/	noz	nut, walnut
/a.ˈros/	arroz	/a.ˈʁoʃ/	arroz	rice
/al.βoɾ.ˈnos/	albornoz	/aw.buʁ.ˈnoʃ/	albornoz	hooded cloak
/mes.ˈkal/	mezcal	/meʃ.ˈkaw/	mezcal	mezcal

→ /ʃ/⟨sh⟩ · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ʃa/	sha	/ʃa/	xa	sha, Persian king
/ʃa/	sha	/ʃa/	xá	sha, Persian king
/ˈge.i.ʃa/	geisha	/ˈge.i.ʃɐ/	gueixa	geisha, traditional entertainer
/ˈʃin.to/	shinto	/ʃin.ˈtɔ/	xintó	Shinto
/ʃo.ˈɣun/	shogun	/ʃo.ˈgũ/	xogum	shogún, military dictator

→ /x/⟨j⟩ · 4

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/de.ˈxaɾ/	dejar	/dej.ˈʃaʁ/	deixar	to leave
/ˈka.xa/	caja	/ˈkaj.ʃɐ/	caixa	box
/ˈxe.ke/	jeque	/ˈʃe.ki/	xeque	sheikh
/xa.ˈke.ka/	jaqueca	/ʃa.ˈkɛ.kɐ/	xaqueca	migraine

→ /s/⟨s⟩ · 4

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈtʃis/	hachís	/a.ˈʃi.ʃi/	haxixe	hachís
/sa/	sah	/ʃa/	xa	shah, Persian king
/sa/	sah	/ʃa/	xá	shah, Persian king
/kβas/	kvas	/kvaʃ/	kvass	kvas

→ /s/⟨⟩ · 26

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/lus/	luz	/luʃ/	luz	light
/pas/	paz	/paʃ/	paz	peace
/pes/	pez	/peʃ/	pez	pitch
/bes/	vez	/veʃ/	vez	turn, time
/kɾus/	cruz	/kɾuʃ/	cruz	cross
/a.u.ˈðas/	audaz	/a.u.ˈdaʃ/	audaz	bold, audacious
/ka.ˈpas/	capaz	/ka.ˈpaʃ/	capaz	capable
/fa.ˈlas/	falaz	/fa.ˈlaʃ/	falaz	deceitful, fallacious
/fe.ˈlis/	feliz	/fe.ˈliʃ/	feliz	happy, fortunate
/sa.ˈɣas/	sagaz	/sa.ˈgaʃ/	sagaz	sagacious, shrewd
/ˈseks.to/	sexto	/ˈseʃ.tu/	sexto	sixth
/te.ˈnas/	tenaz	/te.ˈnaʃ/	tenaz	tenacious
/be.ˈɾas/	veraz	/ve.ˈɾaʃ/	veraz	truthful
/bo.ˈɾas/	voraz	/vu.ˈɾaʃ/	voraz	voracious
/bos/	voz	/vɔʃ/	voz	voice
/djes/	diez	/dɛʃ/	dez	ten
/nwes/	nuez	/nɔʃ/	noz	nut, walnut
/ˈteks.to/	texto	/ˈtɛjʃ.tu/	texto	text
/a.ˈros/	arroz	/a.ˈʁoʃ/	arroz	rice
/a.ˈtʃis/	hachís	/a.ˈʃi.ʃi/	haxixe	hachís
/al.βoɾ.ˈnos/	albornoz	/aw.buʁ.ˈnoʃ/	albornoz	hooded cloak
/sa/	sah	/ʃa/	xa	shah, Persian king
/sa/	sah	/ʃa/	xá	shah, Persian king
/kβas/	kvas	/kvaʃ/	kvass	kvas
/mes.ˈkal/	mezcal	/meʃ.ˈkaw/	mezcal	mezcal
/loks/	lox	/lɔkʃ/	lox	lox, cured salmon

→ /tʃ/⟨ch⟩ · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈtʃis/	hachís	/a.ˈʃi.ʃi/	haxixe	hachís
/ka.tʃe.ˈmiɾ/	cachemir	/ka.ʃe.ˈmi.ɾɐ/	caxemira	cachemir
/mentʃ/	mensch	/mẽʃ/	mensch	mensch, decent person

→ /k/⟨x⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ek.ˈsep.to/	excepto	/eʃ.ˈse.tu/	exceto	except

→ /tʃ/⟨jj⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈtʃi.ɣe/	jjigae	/ˈʃi.gi/	jjigae	jjigae, Korean stew

/z, s, tʃi, ʁs/⟨c, z, ss, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩ → /s/234 pairs

source

→ /s/⟨s⟩ · ⟨ss⟩, after stressed · 7

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈe.se/	ese	/ˈe.si/	esse	that one (m.)
/ˈpa.so/	paso	/ˈpa.su/	passo	step
/ˈkla.si.ka/	clásica	/ˈkla.si.kɐ/	clássica	classical
/ˈe.so/	eso	/ˈi.su/	isso	that (neuter)
/tos/	tos	/ˈtɔ.si/	tosse	cough
/ˈwe.so/	hueso	/ˈo.su/	osso	bone
/ˈgɾwe.sa/	gruesa	/ˈgɾɔ.sɐ/	grossa	thick, big

→ /stɾ/⟨str⟩ · ⟨ss⟩, after stressed · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈnwes.tɾa/	nuestra	/ˈnɔ.sɐ/	nossa	our
/ˈbwes.tɾa/	vuestra	/ˈvɔ.sɐ/	vossa	your

→ /s/⟨ss⟩ · ⟨ss⟩, after stressed · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈɾi.sa/	harissa	/a.ˈɾi.sɐ/	harissa	harissa, chili paste
/ˈla.si/	lassi	/ˈla.si/	lassi	lassi, yogurt drink
/bi.ˈpa.sa.na/	vipassana	/vi.ˈpa.sɐ.nɐ/	vipassana	vipassana, insight meditation

→ /x/⟨j⟩ · ⟨ss⟩, after stressed · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈpa.xa.ɾo/	pájaro	/ˈpa.sa.ɾu/	pássaro	bird

→ /s/⟨s⟩ · ⟨ss⟩, not after stressed · 17

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/se.ˈsaɾ/	cesar	/se.ˈsaʁ/	cessar	to cease
/pa.ˈsaɾ/	pasar	/pa.ˈsaʁ/	passar	to pass
/se.ˈsa.ða/	cesada	/se.ˈsa.dɐ/	cessada	ceased (f.)
/pa.ˈsa.ða/	pasada	/pa.ˈsa.dɐ/	passada	passed (f.)
/pa.ˈsi.βa/	pasiva	/pa.ˈsi.vɐ/	passiva	passive (f.)
/se.sa.ˈðoɾ/	cesador	/se.sa.ˈdoʁ/	cessador	one who ceases (rare)
/pa.sa.ˈðoɾ/	pasador	/pa.sa.ˈdoʁ/	passador	pin, bolt
/se.ˈsan.do/	cesando	/se.ˈsɐ̃.du/	cessando	ceasing
/se.ˈsan.te/	cesante	/se.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/	cessante	ceasing
/pa.ˈsan.do/	pasando	/pa.ˈsɐ̃.du/	passando	passing
/pa.ˈsan.te/	pasante	/pa.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/	passante	passing
/se.ˈsen.ta/	sesenta	/se.ˈsẽ.tɐ/	sessenta	sixty
/a.se.ˈsi.no/	asesino	/a.sa.ˈsĩ.nu/	assassino	assassin, murderer
/ko.ˈsa.ko/	cosaco	/ko.ˈsa.ku/	cossaco	cossack
/ˈmi.so/	miso	/mi.ˈso/	missô	miso
/mo.ka.ˈsin/	mocasin	/mo.ka.ˈsĩ/	mocassim	mocasín, soft leather shoe
/mo.ka.ˈsin/	mocasín	/mo.ka.ˈsĩ/	mocassim	moccasin

→ /s/⟨c⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, before front vowel · 63

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈse.βo/	cebo	/ˈse.vu/	cevo	food, bait
/ˈse.ɾa/	cera	/ˈse.ɾɐ/	cera	wax
/a.ˈse.ðo/	acedo	/a.ˈze.du/	azedo	sour
/ˈseɾ.ka/	cerca	/ˈseʁ.kɐ/	cerca	near, around
/se.ˈsaɾ/	cesar	/se.ˈsaʁ/	cessar	to cease
/si.ˈβil/	civil	/si.ˈviw/	civil	civil
/ˈfa.sil/	fácil	/ˈfa.siw/	fácil	easy
/a.ˈseɾ/	hacer	/fa.ˈzeʁ/	fazer	to do, make
/ˈtɾe.se/	trece	/ˈtɾe.zi/	treze	thirteen
/ba.ˈsi.o/	vacío	/va.ˈzi.u/	vazio	empty
/ja.ˈseɾ/	yacer	/ʒa.ˈzeʁ/	jazer	to lie
/ˈa.si.ða/	ácida	/ˈa.si.dɐ/	ácida	sour, acid
/seɾ.ˈkaɾ/	cercar	/seʁ.ˈkaʁ/	cercar	to encircle, surround
/se.ˈsa.ða/	cesada	/se.ˈsa.dɐ/	cessada	ceased (f.)
/sju.ˈðað/	ciudad	/si.ˈda.dʒi/	cidade	city
/ˈsi.βi.ka/	cívica	/ˈsi.vi.kɐ/	cívica	civic
/ˈlu.si.ða/	lúcida	/ˈlu.si.dɐ/	lúcida	lucid, bright (f.)
/meɾ.ˈseð/	merced	/meʁ.ˈse/	mercê	mercy, favor
/pla.ˈseɾ/	placer	/pɾa.ˈzeʁ/	prazer	to please
/ben.ˈseɾ/	vencer	/vẽ.ˈseʁ/	vencer	to conquer
/ka.ˈtoɾ.se/	catorce	/ka.ˈtoʁ.zi/	catorze	fourteen
/seɾ.ˈka.ða/	cercada	/seʁ.ˈka.dɐ/	cercada	encircled, fenced (f.)
/se.sa.ˈðoɾ/	cesador	/se.sa.ˈdoʁ/	cessador	one who ceases (rare)
/ek.ˈsep.to/	excepto	/eʃ.ˈse.tu/	exceto	except
/ˈmaɾ.si.ða/	márcida	/ˈmaʁ.si.dɐ/	márcida	withered
/ˈpla.si.ða/	plácida	/ˈpla.si.dɐ/	plácida	placid, calm (f.)
/seɾ.ka.ˈðoɾ/	cercador	/seʁ.ka.ˈdoʁ/	cercador	encircler, fence-builder
/pɾin.ˈsi.pjo/	principio	/pɾĩ.ˈsi.pju/	princípio	beginning
/ˈdo.se/	doce	/ˈdɔ.zi/	doze	twelve
/ˈon.se/	once	/ˈõ.zi/	onze	eleven
/ˈsiŋ.ko/	cinco	/ˈsĩ.ku/	cinco	five
/ˈsin.ta/	cinta	/ˈsĩ.tɐ/	cinta	ribbon, belt
/de.ˈsiɾ/	decir	/dʒi.ˈzeʁ/	dizer	to say, tell
/ˈdul.se/	dulce	/ˈdɔ.si/	doce	sweet
/ˈsen.tɾo/	centro	/ˈsẽ.tɾu/	centro	center
/ˈsjen.to/	ciento	/ˈsẽ.tu/	cento	hundred
/ˈsjeɾ.ta/	cierta	/ˈsɛʁ.tɐ/	certa	sure, certain
/ˈsjeɾ.βa/	cierva	/ˈsɛʁ.vɐ/	cerva	doe
/ˈsjeɾ.βo/	ciervo	/ˈseʁ.vu/	cervo	deer
/ko.ˈsi.na/	cocina	/ko.ˈzĩ.ɲɐ/	cozinha	kitchen
/ˈde.si.ma/	décima	/ˈdɛ.si.mɐ/	décima	tenth (f.)
/ˈkin.se/	quince	/ˈkĩ.zi/	quinze	fifteen
/be.ˈsi.na/	vecina	/vi.ˈzĩ.ɲɐ/	vizinha	neighbor
/seɾ.ˈβi.na/	cervina	/seʁ.ˈvĩ.nɐ/	cervina	deer-like
/se.ˈsan.do/	cesando	/se.ˈsɐ̃.du/	cessando	ceasing
/se.ˈsan.te/	cesante	/se.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/	cessante	ceasing
/seɾ.ˈkan.do/	cercando	/seʁ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	cercando	encircling
/seɾ.ˈkan.te/	cercante	/seʁ.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/	cercante	encircling
/de.ˈsjen.te/	deciente	/de.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	decente	decent (rare; modern uses decente)
/lu.ˈsjen.te/	luciente	/lu.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	lucente	shining, bright
/ta.ˈsjen.te/	taciente	/ta.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	tacente	silent
/ja.ˈsjen.te/	yaciente	/ʒa.ˈzẽ.tʃi/	jazente	lying
/siŋ.ˈkwen.ta/	cincuenta	/sĩ.ˈkwẽ.tɐ/	cinquenta	fifty
/di.ˈsjem.bɾe/	diciembre	/de.ˈzẽ.bɾu/	dezembro	December
/pla.ˈsjen.te/	placiente	/pɾa.ˈzẽ.tʃi/	prazente	pleasing
/ben.ˈsjen.te/	venciente	/vẽ.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	vencente	winning, winner
/sjen/	cien	/ˈsẽ.tu/	cento	one hundred (apocopated form of ciento, used pre-nominal)
/du.ˈsjen.te/	duciente	/du.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	ducente	leading (archaic)
/ˈsi.fɾa/	cifra	/ˈsi.fɾɐ/	cifra	cipher, digit, zero
/ˈse.ɾo/	cero	/ˈsi.fɾɐ/	cifra	cero
/ˈse.ɾo/	cero	/ˈzɛ.ɾu/	zero	cero
/ˈsi.fɾa/	cifra	/ˈzɛ.ɾu/	zero	cipher, digit, zero
/ka.ˈsi.ke/	cacique	/ka.ˈsi.ki/	cacique	tribal chief, political boss

→ /s/⟨z⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, before front vowel · 6

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/os/	hoz	/ˈfoj.si/	foice	sickle
/a.ˈðis/	hadiz	/a.ˈdʒi.tʃi/	hadite	hadiz
/ˈba.o.si/	baozi	/ˈba.o.zi/	baozi	baozi, steamed bun
/ˈsa.sen/	zazen	/ˈza.zẽ/	zazen	zazen, seated Zen meditation
/ka.mi.ˈka.se/	kamikaze	/kɐ.mi.ˈka.zi/	kamikaze	kamikaze
/sen/	zen	/zɛn/	zen	zen

→ /s/⟨⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, before front vowel · 70

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈse.βo/	cebo	/ˈse.vu/	cevo	food, bait
/ˈse.ɾa/	cera	/ˈse.ɾɐ/	cera	wax
/a.ˈse.ðo/	acedo	/a.ˈze.du/	azedo	sour
/ˈseɾ.ka/	cerca	/ˈseʁ.kɐ/	cerca	near, around
/se.ˈsaɾ/	cesar	/se.ˈsaʁ/	cessar	to cease
/si.ˈβil/	civil	/si.ˈviw/	civil	civil
/ˈfa.sil/	fácil	/ˈfa.siw/	fácil	easy
/a.ˈseɾ/	hacer	/fa.ˈzeʁ/	fazer	to do, make
/ˈtɾe.se/	trece	/ˈtɾe.zi/	treze	thirteen
/ba.ˈsi.o/	vacío	/va.ˈzi.u/	vazio	empty
/ja.ˈseɾ/	yacer	/ʒa.ˈzeʁ/	jazer	to lie
/ˈa.si.ða/	ácida	/ˈa.si.dɐ/	ácida	sour, acid
/seɾ.ˈkaɾ/	cercar	/seʁ.ˈkaʁ/	cercar	to encircle, surround
/se.ˈsa.ða/	cesada	/se.ˈsa.dɐ/	cessada	ceased (f.)
/sju.ˈðað/	ciudad	/si.ˈda.dʒi/	cidade	city
/ˈsi.βi.ka/	cívica	/ˈsi.vi.kɐ/	cívica	civic
/ˈlu.si.ða/	lúcida	/ˈlu.si.dɐ/	lúcida	lucid, bright (f.)
/meɾ.ˈseð/	merced	/meʁ.ˈse/	mercê	mercy, favor
/pla.ˈseɾ/	placer	/pɾa.ˈzeʁ/	prazer	to please
/ben.ˈseɾ/	vencer	/vẽ.ˈseʁ/	vencer	to conquer
/ka.ˈtoɾ.se/	catorce	/ka.ˈtoʁ.zi/	catorze	fourteen
/seɾ.ˈka.ða/	cercada	/seʁ.ˈka.dɐ/	cercada	encircled, fenced (f.)
/se.sa.ˈðoɾ/	cesador	/se.sa.ˈdoʁ/	cessador	one who ceases (rare)
/ek.ˈsep.to/	excepto	/eʃ.ˈse.tu/	exceto	except
/ˈmaɾ.si.ða/	márcida	/ˈmaʁ.si.dɐ/	márcida	withered
/ˈpla.si.ða/	plácida	/ˈpla.si.dɐ/	plácida	placid, calm (f.)
/seɾ.ka.ˈðoɾ/	cercador	/seʁ.ka.ˈdoʁ/	cercador	encircler, fence-builder
/pɾin.ˈsi.pjo/	principio	/pɾĩ.ˈsi.pju/	princípio	beginning
/os/	hoz	/ˈfoj.si/	foice	sickle
/ˈdo.se/	doce	/ˈdɔ.zi/	doze	twelve
/ˈon.se/	once	/ˈõ.zi/	onze	eleven
/ˈsiŋ.ko/	cinco	/ˈsĩ.ku/	cinco	five
/ˈsin.ta/	cinta	/ˈsĩ.tɐ/	cinta	ribbon, belt
/de.ˈsiɾ/	decir	/dʒi.ˈzeʁ/	dizer	to say, tell
/ˈdul.se/	dulce	/ˈdɔ.si/	doce	sweet
/ˈsen.tɾo/	centro	/ˈsẽ.tɾu/	centro	center
/ˈsjen.to/	ciento	/ˈsẽ.tu/	cento	hundred
/ˈsjeɾ.ta/	cierta	/ˈsɛʁ.tɐ/	certa	sure, certain
/ˈsjeɾ.βa/	cierva	/ˈsɛʁ.vɐ/	cerva	doe
/ˈsjeɾ.βo/	ciervo	/ˈseʁ.vu/	cervo	deer
/ko.ˈsi.na/	cocina	/ko.ˈzĩ.ɲɐ/	cozinha	kitchen
/ˈde.si.ma/	décima	/ˈdɛ.si.mɐ/	décima	tenth (f.)
/ˈkin.se/	quince	/ˈkĩ.zi/	quinze	fifteen
/be.ˈsi.na/	vecina	/vi.ˈzĩ.ɲɐ/	vizinha	neighbor
/seɾ.ˈβi.na/	cervina	/seʁ.ˈvĩ.nɐ/	cervina	deer-like
/se.ˈsan.do/	cesando	/se.ˈsɐ̃.du/	cessando	ceasing
/se.ˈsan.te/	cesante	/se.ˈsɐ̃.tʃi/	cessante	ceasing
/seɾ.ˈkan.do/	cercando	/seʁ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	cercando	encircling
/seɾ.ˈkan.te/	cercante	/seʁ.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/	cercante	encircling
/de.ˈsjen.te/	deciente	/de.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	decente	decent (rare; modern uses decente)
/lu.ˈsjen.te/	luciente	/lu.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	lucente	shining, bright
/ta.ˈsjen.te/	taciente	/ta.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	tacente	silent
/ja.ˈsjen.te/	yaciente	/ʒa.ˈzẽ.tʃi/	jazente	lying
/siŋ.ˈkwen.ta/	cincuenta	/sĩ.ˈkwẽ.tɐ/	cinquenta	fifty
/di.ˈsjem.bɾe/	diciembre	/de.ˈzẽ.bɾu/	dezembro	December
/pla.ˈsjen.te/	placiente	/pɾa.ˈzẽ.tʃi/	prazente	pleasing
/ben.ˈsjen.te/	venciente	/vẽ.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	vencente	winning, winner
/sjen/	cien	/ˈsẽ.tu/	cento	one hundred (apocopated form of ciento, used pre-nominal)
/du.ˈsjen.te/	duciente	/du.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	ducente	leading (archaic)
/ˈsi.fɾa/	cifra	/ˈsi.fɾɐ/	cifra	cipher, digit, zero
/a.ˈðis/	hadiz	/a.ˈdʒi.tʃi/	hadite	hadiz
/e.lik.ˈsiɾ/	elixir	/i.lik.ˈsiʁ/	elixir	elixir
/ˈse.ɾo/	cero	/ˈsi.fɾɐ/	cifra	cero
/ˈse.ɾo/	cero	/ˈzɛ.ɾu/	zero	cero
/ˈsi.fɾa/	cifra	/ˈzɛ.ɾu/	zero	cipher, digit, zero
/ˈba.o.si/	baozi	/ˈba.o.zi/	baozi	baozi, steamed bun
/ˈsa.sen/	zazen	/ˈza.zẽ/	zazen	zazen, seated Zen meditation
/ka.ˈsi.ke/	cacique	/ka.ˈsi.ki/	cacique	tribal chief, political boss
/ka.mi.ˈka.se/	kamikaze	/kɐ.mi.ˈka.zi/	kamikaze	kamikaze
/sen/	zen	/zɛn/	zen	zen

→ /s/⟨c⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, not before front vowel, before diphthong · 23

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/pa.ˈla.sjo/	palacio	/pa.ˈla.sju/	palácio	palace
/ˈse.na/	cena	/ˈsej.ɐ/	ceia	dinner
/ˈsje.lo/	cielo	/sɛw/	céu	sky
/na.ˈsjon/	nación	/na.ˈsɐ̃w/	nação	nation
/no.ˈsjon/	noción	/nu.ˈsɐ̃w/	noção	notion
/kan.ˈsjon/	canción	/kɐ̃.ˈsɐ̃w/	canção	song
/e.ði.ˈsjon/	edición	/e.dʒi.ˈsɐ̃w/	edição	edition
/e.mo.ˈsjon/	emoción	/e.mu.ˈsɐ̃w/	emoção	emotion
/fun.ˈsjon/	función	/fun.ˈsɐ̃w/	função	function
/lek.ˈsjon/	lección	/le.ˈsɐ̃w/	lição	lesson, lecture
/o.ɾa.ˈsjon/	oración	/u.ɾa.ˈsɐ̃w/	oração	prayer, sentence
/poɾ.ˈsjon/	porción	/puɾ.ˈsɐ̃w/	porção	portion, share
/sek.ˈsjon/	sección	/se.ˈsɐ̃w/	seção	section
/a.ten.ˈsjon/	atención	/a.ten.ˈsɐ̃w/	atenção	attention
/de.βo.ˈsjon/	devoción	/de.vu.ˈsɐ̃w/	devoção	devotion
/es.ta.ˈsjon/	estación	/eʃ.ta.ˈsɐ̃w/	estação	station, season
/po.zi.ˈsjon/	posición	/po.zi.ˈsɐ̃w/	posição	position
/re.la.ˈsjon/	relación	/ʁe.la.ˈsɐ̃w/	relação	relation, relationship
/tɾaj.ˈsjon/	traición	/tɾa.dʒi.ˈsɐ̃w/	tradição	betrayal ≠ tradition
/kon.di.ˈsjon/	condición	/kon.di.ˈsɐ̃w/	condição	condition
/tɾa.ði.ˈsjon/	tradición	/tɾa.dʒi.ˈsɐ̃w/	tradição	tradition
/a.ˈsej.te/	aceite	/a.ˈzej.tʃi/	azeite	oil
/a.sej.ˈtu.na/	aceituna	/a.zej.ˈtõ.nɐ/	azeitona	olive

→ /s/⟨z⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, not before front vowel, before diphthong · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ra.ˈson/	razón	/ʁa.ˈzɐ̃w/	razão	reason
/sa.ˈson/	sazón	/sa.ˈzɐ̃w/	sazão	season, ripeness
/ko.ɾa.ˈson/	corazón	/ku.ɾa.ˈsɐ̃w/	coração	heart
/saj.ˈβa.tsu/	zaibatsu	/zaj.ˈba.tsu/	zaibatsu	zaibatsu
/ban.ˈsa.i/	banzai	/bɐ̃.ˈzaj/	banzai	banzai

→ /s/⟨z⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, not before front vowel, not before diphthong · 31

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈka.sa/	caza	/ˈka.sɐ/	caça	hunt
/ˈpo.so/	pozo	/ˈpo.su/	poço	well
/ˈbɾa.so/	brazo	/ˈbɾa.su/	braço	arm
/ka.ˈsaɾ/	cazar	/ka.ˈsaʁ/	caçar	to hunt
/ˈmaɾ.so/	marzo	/ˈmaʁ.su/	março	March
/ka.ˈβe.sa/	cabeza	/ka.ˈbe.sɐ/	cabeça	head
/e.ˈtʃi.so/	hechizo	/fej.ˈtʃi.su/	feitiço	spell, charm
/ˈfweɾ.sa/	fuerza	/ˈfɔʁ.sɐ/	força	force, strength
/man.ˈsa.na/	manzana	/ma.ˈsɐ̃/	maçã	apple
/a.ˈsaɾ/	azar	/a.ˈzaʁ/	azar	chance, hazard, luck
/a.ˈsul/	azul	/a.ˈzuw/	azul	blue
/xa.ˈes/	jaez	/ʒa.ˈez/	jaez	harness, type
/a.ˈsu.ða/	azuda	/a.ˈsu.dʒi/	açude	dam, weir, water wheel
/a.ˈsu.kaɾ/	azúcar	/a.ˈsu.kaʁ/	açúcar	sugar
/a.su.ˈle.xo/	azulejo	/a.zu.ˈle.ʒu/	azulejo	ceramic tile
/al.mo.ˈa.sa/	almohaza	/aw.mu.ˈfa.sɐ/	almofaça	currycomb
/a.sa.ˈfɾan/	azafrán	/a.sa.ˈfɾɐ̃w/	açafrão	saffron
/saɾ/	zar	/zaʁ/	czar	zar (tsar)
/ˈju.su/	yuzu	/ˈju.zu/	yuzu	yuzu
/ˈso.ɾi/	zori	/ˈzo.ɾi/	zori	zori, Japanese sandals
/a.ˈsu.ki/	azuki	/a.ˈzu.ki/	azuki	azuki, red bean
/ba.ˈsaɾ/	bazar	/ba.ˈzaʁ/	bazar	bazaar, marketplace
/ˈsa.sen/	zazen	/ˈza.zẽ/	zazen	zazen, seated Zen meditation
/ja.ˈku.sa/	yakuza	/ja.ˈku.zɐ/	yakuza	yakuza
/ˈtʃa.su.ke/	chazuke	/ˈʃa.zu.ki/	chazuke	chazuke, rice with tea
/i.sa.ˈka.ja/	izakaya	/i.za.ˈka.jɐ/	izakaya	izakaya, Japanese pub
/ma.ˈsuɾ.ka/	mazurca	/ma.ˈzuʁ.kɐ/	mazurca	mazurca
/jo.ko.ˈsu.na/	yokozuna	/ju.kɔ.ˈzu.nɐ/	yokozuna	yokozuna, sumo grand champion
/ˈgjo.sa/	gyoza	/ˈgjɔ.zɐ/	gyoza	gyoza, fried dumpling
/ˈpon.su/	ponzu	/ˈpõ.zu/	ponzu	ponzu, citrus sauce
/ˈkles.meɾ/	klezmer	/ˈklɛz.meʁ/	klezmer	klezmer, Jewish folk music

→ /s/⟨s⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, not before front vowel, not before diphthong · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈo.sa/	osa	/ˈuʁ.sɐ/	ursa	she-bear
/ˈo.so/	oso	/ˈuʁ.su/	urso	bear
/ma.ˈdɾa.sa/	madrasa	/ma.ˈdɾa.sɐ/	madraça	madrasa

→ /s/⟨c⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, not before front vowel, not before diphthong · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈpɾe.sjo/	precio	/ˈpɾe.su/	preço	price
/ˈteɾ.sjo/	tercio	/ˈteʁ.su/	terço	third

→ /ts/⟨ts⟩ · ⟨c, z, ç, rs, ∅, te⟩, not before front vowel, not before diphthong · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/tsaɾ/	tsar	/zaʁ/	czar	tsar, Russian emperor

/ʎ, ʒ, ∅⟨ch⟩/⟨j, g, lh, ch⟩ → /ɣ, x/108 pairs

source

→ /ɣ/⟨g⟩ · ⟨g⟩, in final syllable · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kin.ˈtsu.ɣi/	kintsugi	/kĩ.ˈtsu.ʒi/	kintsugi	kintsugi, golden-joinery repair
/ˈjo.ɣi/	yogi	/ˈjɔ.ʒi/	yogi	yogui, yoga practitioner
/ba.ˈɣel/	bagel	/ba.ˈʒɛw/	bagel	bagel

→ /x/⟨g⟩ · ⟨g⟩, in final syllable · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/i.ˈma.xen/	imagen	/i.ˈma.ʒẽj/	imagem	image
/ˈmaɾ.xen/	margen	/ˈmaɾ.ʒẽj/	margem	margin, edge
/o.ˈɾi.xen/	origen	/ɔ.ˈɾi.ʒẽj/	origem	origin

→ /x/⟨j⟩ · ⟨g⟩, in final syllable · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈbja.xe/	viaje	/vi.ˈa.ʒẽj/	viagem	journey, trip
/al.ˈfaŋ.xe/	alfanje	/aw.ˈfɐ̃.ʒi/	alfange	scimitar

→ /x/⟨g⟩ · ⟨g⟩, not in final syllable · 26

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈxe.ma/	gema	/ˈʒe.mɐ/	gema	gem, yolk
/xi.ˈɾaɾ/	girar	/ʒi.ˈɾaʁ/	girar	to turn
/xen.ˈtil/	gentil	/ʒẽ.ˈtʃiw/	gentil	gentle, noble
/xi.ˈɾa.ða/	girada	/ʒi.ˈɾa.dɐ/	girada	turned (f.)
/ˈma.xi.ka/	mágica	/ˈma.ʒi.kɐ/	mágica	magical
/ˈpa.xi.na/	página	/ˈpa.ʒi.nɐ/	página	page
/ˈri.xi.ða/	rígida	/ˈʁi.ʒi.dɐ/	rígida	rigid, stiff (f.)
/ˈal.xi.ða/	álgida	/ˈaw.ʒi.dɐ/	álgida	algid, peak (f.)
/ˈfɾi.xi.ða/	frígida	/ˈfɾi.ʒi.dɐ/	frígida	frigid, cold (f.)
/xi.ɾa.ˈðoɾ/	girador	/ʒi.ɾa.ˈdoʁ/	girador	turner
/ˈtuɾ.xi.ða/	túrgida	/ˈtuʁ.ʒi.dɐ/	túrgida	turgid, swollen (f.)
/xe.ne.ˈɾo.so/	generoso	/ʒe.ne.ˈɾo.zu/	generoso	generous
/ˈxen.te/	gente	/ˈʒẽ.tʃi/	gente	people, folk
/ˈlo.xi.ka/	lógica	/ˈlɔ.ʒi.kɐ/	lógica	logic
/ˈlo.xi.ko/	lógico	/ˈlɔ.ʒi.ku/	lógico	logical
/xi.ˈɣan.te/	gigante	/ʒi.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/	gigante	giant
/xi.ˈɾan.te/	girante	/ʒi.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	girante	turning
/re.ˈxen.te/	regente	/ʁe.ˈʒẽ.tʃi/	regente	regent, ruler
/aɾ.xen.ˈti.na/	argentina	/aʁ.ʒẽ.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/	argentina	silvery, Argentine
/xeɾ.ˈma.ni.ka/	germánica	/ʒeʁ.ˈmɐ.ni.kɐ/	germânica	Germanic
/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/	vigilante	/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	vigilante	vigilant, watchful
/a.ˈxen.do/	agendo	/a.ˈʒẽ.du/	agindo	acting (gerund; archaic)
/xi.ˈɾan.do/	girando	/ʒi.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	girando	turning (gerund)
/re.ˈxen.do/	regendo	/ʁe.ˈʒẽ.du/	regendo	ruling (archaic; modern uses rigiendo)
/ˈal.xe.βɾa/	álgebra	/ˈaw.ʒi.bɾɐ/	álgebra	algebra
/ˈe.xi.ɾa/	hégira	/ˈɛ.ʒi.ɾɐ/	hégira	Hijra

→ /x/⟨j⟩ · ⟨g⟩, not in final syllable · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/xi.ˈɾa.fa/	jirafa	/ʒi.ˈɾa.fɐ/	girafa	giraffe

→ /x/⟨j⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 60

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.xo/	ajo	/ˈa.ʎu/	alho	garlic
/ˈo.xo/	ojo	/ˈo.ʎu/	olho	eye
/ˈi.xa/	hija	/ˈfi.ʎɐ/	filha	daughter
/ˈi.xo/	hijo	/ˈfi.ʎu/	filho	son
/ˈmi.xo/	mijo	/ˈmi.ʎu/	milho	millet
/ˈpa.xa/	paja	/ˈpa.ʎɐ/	palha	straw
/ˈte.xa/	teja	/ˈte.ʎɐ/	telha	roof tile
/a.ˈβe.xa/	abeja	/a.ˈbe.ʎɐ/	abelha	bee
/a.ˈɣu.xa/	aguja	/a.ˈgu.ʎɐ/	agulha	needle
/ˈkwa.xo/	cuajo	/ko.ˈa.ʎu/	coalho	rennet, curd
/xu.ˈɾaɾ/	jurar	/ʒu.ˈɾaʁ/	jurar	to swear
/ˈxus.ta/	justa	/ˈʒuʃ.tɐ/	justa	just (f.)
/ˈpjo.xo/	piojo	/pi.ˈo.ʎu/	piolho	louse
/ko.ˈne.xo/	conejo	/ko.ˈe.ʎu/	coelho	rabbit
/es.ˈpe.xo/	espejo	/eʃ.ˈpe.ʎu/	espelho	mirror
/xu.ˈɾa.ða/	jurada	/ʒu.ˈɾa.dɐ/	jurada	sworn (f.)
/ma.ˈno.xo/	manojo	/ˈmo.ʎu/	molho	handful, bunch
/a.pa.ˈɾe.xo/	aparejo	/a.pa.ˈɾe.ʎu/	aparelho	gear, tackle, rig
/beɾ.ˈme.xo/	bermejo	/veʁ.ˈme.ʎu/	vermelho	vermilion, reddish
/kon.ˈse.xo/	consejo	/kõ.ˈse.ʎu/	conselho	counsel
/xu.ɾa.ˈðoɾ/	jurador	/ʒu.ɾa.ˈdoʁ/	jurador	swearer, juror
/tɾa.βa.ˈxaɾ/	trabajar	/tɾa.ba.ˈʎaʁ/	trabalhar	to work
/ˈta.xa/	taja	/ˈta.ʎɐ/	talha	cutting (archaic)
/ˈo.xa/	hoja	/ˈfɔ.ʎɐ/	folha	leaf
/ˈxo.βen/	joven	/ˈʒɔ.vẽj/	jovem	young person
/ˈxwe.ɣo/	juego	/ˈʒo.gu/	jogo	game
/ˈxun.ta/	junta	/ˈʒũ.tɐ/	junta	joined
/me.ˈxoɾ/	mejor	/me.ˈʎɔʁ/	melhor	better
/mu.ˈxeɾ/	mujer	/mu.ˈʎɛʁ/	mulher	woman
/o.ˈɾe.xa/	oreja	/o.ˈɾɛ.ʎɐ/	orelha	ear
/ˈo.βe.xa/	oveja	/ˈɔ.ve.ʎɐ/	ovelha	sheep
/ˈbje.xa/	vieja	/ˈvɛ.ʎɐ/	velha	old
/xu.ˈɾan.te/	jurante	/ʒu.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	jurante	swearing
/len.ˈte.xa/	lenteja	/lẽ.ˈtʃi.ʎɐ/	lentilha	lentil
/xu.ˈɾan.do/	jurando	/ʒu.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	jurando	swearing (gerund)
/xa.ˈes/	jaez	/ʒa.ˈez/	jaez	harness, type
/ˈxa.ra/	jarra	/ˈʒa.ʁɐ/	jarra	jar, pitcher
/al.ˈxa.βa/	aljaba	/aw.ˈʒa.vɐ/	aljava	quiver
/a.su.ˈle.xo/	azulejo	/a.zu.ˈle.ʒu/	azulejo	ceramic tile
/ˈdo.xo/	dojo	/ˈdo.ʒu/	dojo	dojo
/ˈxa.pa/	japa	/ˈʒa.pɐ/	japa	japa, mantra recitation
/ˈxi.βa/	jiva	/ˈʒi.vɐ/	jiva	jiva
/ra.ˈxa/	rajá	/ʁa.ˈʒa/	rajá	rajah
/ˈso.xu/	soju	/ˈso.ʒu/	soju	soju
/ˈba.xi/	bhaji	/ˈba.ʒi/	bhaji	bhaji, vegetable fritter
/ˈxa.ɣat/	jagat	/ʒa.ˈgat/	jagat	jagat, the world
/ˈniŋ.xa/	ninja	/ˈnin.ʒɐ/	ninja	ninja
/ˈʃo.xi/	shoji	/ˈʃo.ʒi/	shoji	shoji
/xa.ˈɣwaɾ/	jaguar	/ʒa.ˈgwaʁ/	jaguar	jaguar
/xa.ˈle.βi/	jalebi	/ʒa.ˈle.bi/	jalebi	jalebi, fried sweet
/ma.a.ɾa.ˈxa/	maharajá	/ma.a.ɾa.ˈʒa/	maharajá	maharaja, Indian prince
/ma.a.ɾa.ˈxa/	maharajá	/ma.ɾa.ˈʒa/	marajá	maharaja, Indian prince
/xi.u.ˈxi.tsu/	jiu-jitsu	/ʒi.u.ˈʒi.tsu/	jiu-jitsu	jiu-jitsu
/e.ˈmo.xi/	emoji	/e.ˈmɔ.ʒi/	emoji	emoji
/ˈxeŋ.ga/	jenga	/ˈʒẽ.gɐ/	jenga	jenga
/ˈxna.na/	jnana	/ˈʒnɐ.nɐ/	jnana	jnana, knowledge
/ˈkaŋ.xi/	kanji	/ˈkɐ̃.ʒi/	kanji	kanji
/ˈxuŋ.gla/	jungla	/ˈʒɐ̃.gaw/	jângal	jungla
/pi.ˈxa.ma/	pijama	/pi.ˈʒɐ.mɐ/	pijama	pyjamas
/ˈxap.tʃe/	japchae	/ʒap.ˈʃe/	japchae	japchae, Korean glass noodles

→ /j/⟨y⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/i.ˈjab/	hiyab	/i.ˈʒab/	hijab	hiyab
/ji.ˈad/	yihad	/ʒi.ˈad/	jihad	yihad

→ /l/⟨l⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/les/	les	/ʎeʃ/	lhes	to them (clitic dat pl.)

→ /dʒ/⟨j⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈman.dʒu/	manju	/ˈmɐ̃.ʒu/	manju	manju, steamed sweet bun
/ma.ˈdʒaŋ/	mahjong	/ma.ˈʒɐ̃/	mahjong	mahjong, tile game

→ /x/⟨ch⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈxuts.pa/	chutzpah	/ˈuts.pɐ/	chutzpah	chutzpah, audacity

→ /sl/⟨sl⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈis.la/	isla	/ˈi.ʎɐ/	ilha	island

→ /ʝ/⟨j⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈʝu.ðo/	judo	/ʒu.ˈdo/	judô	judo

→ /ŋ/⟨n⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/na.ˈɾaŋ.xa/	naranja	/la.ˈɾɐ̃.ʒɐ/	laranja	orange (fruit)

→ /s/⟨s⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈke.so/	queso	/ˈkej.ʒu/	queijo	cheese

→ /j/⟨ll⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈta.ja/	talla	/ˈta.ʎɐ/	talha	cut, carving

→ /ja/⟨ya⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ja/	ya	/ʒa/	já	already

→ /x/⟨g⟩ · ⟨j, lh, ch⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈaŋ.xel/	ángel	/ˈɐ̃.ʒu/	anjo	angel

/w, l, ∅⟨l⟩/⟨l⟩ → /l, j/382 pairs

source

→ /l/⟨l⟩ · 347

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/el/	él	/ˈe.li/	ele	he
/ˈa.la/	ala	/ˈa.lɐ/	ala	wing
/lus/	luz	/luʃ/	luz	light
/mil/	mil	/miw/	mil	thousand
/sal/	sal	/saw/	sal	salt
/tal/	tal	/taw/	tal	such
/ˈal.βa/	alba	/ˈaw.vɐ/	alva	dawn
/ˈal.βo/	albo	/ˈaw.vu/	alvo	white (rare/poetic)
/ˈal.ɣo/	algo	/ˈaw.gu/	algo	something
/ˈal.ma/	alma	/ˈaw.mɐ/	alma	soul
/ˈal.ta/	alta	/ˈaw.tɐ/	alta	high
/kwal/	cual	/kwaw/	qual	which, what
/floɾ/	flor	/floʁ/	flor	flower
/ˈla.ða/	lada	/ˈla.dɐ/	lada	broad
/ˈla.ðo/	lado	/ˈla.du/	lado	side
/ˈla.ɣo/	lago	/ˈla.gu/	lago	lake
/le.ˈal/	leal	/le.ˈaw/	leal	loyal, faithful
/le.ˈeɾ/	leer	/leʁ/	ler	to read
/lo.ˈaɾ/	loar	/low.ˈvaʁ/	louvar	to praise
/ˈlo.βa/	loba	/ˈlo.bɐ/	loba	she-wolf
/ˈlo.βo/	lobo	/ˈlo.bu/	lobo	wolf
/ˈlo.ðo/	lodo	/ˈlo.du/	lodo	mud
/ˈlu.na/	luna	/ˈlu.ɐ/	lua	moon
/ˈmu.la/	mula	/ˈmu.lɐ/	mula	mule
/o.ˈɾal/	oral	/o.ˈɾaw/	oral	oral
/ˈpe.lo/	pelo	/ˈpe.lu/	pelo	hair
/pjel/	piel	/ˈpɛ.li/	pele	skin
/a.ˈβɾil/	abril	/a.ˈbɾiw/	abril	April
/al.ˈtaɾ/	altar	/aw.ˈtaʁ/	altar	altar
/a.ˈkel/	aquel	/a.ˈke.li/	aquele	that one (yonder, m.)
/ˈbaj.le/	baile	/ˈbaj.li/	baile	dance
/ka.ˈlaɾ/	calar	/ka.ˈlaʁ/	calar	to lower, soak through
/ˈkal.da/	calda	/ˈkaw.dɐ/	calda	hot, warm
/ˈkal.do/	caldo	/ˈkaw.du/	caldo	broth
/ka.ˈloɾ/	calor	/ka.ˈloʁ/	calor	heat
/ˈkal.βa/	calva	/ˈkaw.vɐ/	calva	bald (f.)
/si.ˈβil/	civil	/si.ˈviw/	civil	civil
/ˈkla.ɾa/	clara	/ˈkla.ɾɐ/	clara	clear
/ˈkul.ta/	culta	/ˈkuw.tɐ/	culta	cultivated
/fa.ˈlas/	falaz	/fa.ˈlaʃ/	falaz	deceitful, fallacious
/ˈfal.sa/	falsa	/ˈfaw.sɐ/	falsa	false
/fa.ˈtal/	fatal	/fa.ˈtaw/	fatal	fatal
/fe.ˈlis/	feliz	/fe.ˈliʃ/	feliz	happy, fortunate
/ˈfa.sil/	fácil	/ˈfa.siw/	fácil	easy
/la.ˈβoɾ/	labor	/la.ˈvoʁ/	lavor	labor
/ˈlaɾ.ðo/	lardo	/ˈlaʁ.du/	lardo	lard
/ˈlaɾ.ɣa/	larga	/ˈlaʁ.gɐ/	larga	wide
/la.ˈβaɾ/	lavar	/la.ˈvaʁ/	lavar	to wash
/le.ˈɣal/	legal	/le.ˈgaw/	legal	legal
/ˈle.tɾa/	letra	/ˈle.tɾɐ/	letra	letter
/ˈli.βɾa/	libra	/ˈli.bɾɐ/	libra	pound
/ˈli.βɾe/	libre	/ˈli.vɾi/	livre	free
/ˈli.βɾo/	libro	/ˈli.vɾu/	livro	book
/li.ˈmaɾ/	limar	/li.ˈmaʁ/	limar	to file
/lo.ˈa.ða/	loada	/low.ˈva.dɐ/	louvada	praised (f.)
/lo.ˈkaɾ/	locar	/lo.ˈkaʁ/	locar	to place
/lu.ˈɣaɾ/	lugar	/lu.ˈgaʁ/	lugar	place
/lu.ˈnaɾ/	lunar	/lu.ˈnaʁ/	lunar	lunar
/mo.ˈɾal/	moral	/mo.ˈɾaw/	moral	moral
/mu.ˈɾal/	mural	/mu.ˈɾaw/	mural	mural
/na.ˈsal/	nasal	/na.ˈzaw/	nasal	nasal
/o.ˈli.βa/	oliva	/o.ˈli.vɐ/	oliva	olive
/ˈpal.ma/	palma	/ˈpaw.mɐ/	palma	palm
/ˈplu.ma/	pluma	/ˈplu.mɐ/	pluma	feather
/sa.ˈlaɾ/	salar	/sa.ˈlaʁ/	salar	to salt
/ˈsal.to/	salto	/ˈsaw.tu/	salto	leap
/se.ˈɲal/	señal	/si.ˈnaw/	sinal	sign, signal
/so.ˈlaɾ/	solar	/so.ˈlaʁ/	solar	solar
/to.ˈtal/	total	/to.ˈtaw/	total	total
/ba.ˈleɾ/	valer	/va.ˈleʁ/	valer	to be worth
/ba.ˈloɾ/	valor	/va.ˈloʁ/	valor	value
/be.ˈlaɾ/	velar	/ve.ˈlaʁ/	velar	to veil, watch over
/bi.ˈtal/	vital	/vi.ˈtaw/	vital	vital
/bo.ˈkal/	vocal	/vo.ˈkaw/	vocal	vocal, vowel
/al.ˈtu.ɾa/	altura	/aw.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	altura	height
/a.ni.ˈmal/	animal	/ɐ.ni.ˈmaw/	animal	animal
/baj.ˈlaɾ/	bailar	/baj.ˈlaʁ/	bailar	to dance
/bɾu.ˈtal/	brutal	/bɾu.ˈtaw/	brutal	brutal
/ka.ˈla.ða/	calada	/ka.ˈla.dɐ/	calada	silenced, soaked (f.)
/kal.ˈkaɾ/	calcar	/kaw.ˈkaʁ/	calcar	to trace ≠ to tread
/kaɾ.ˈnal/	carnal	/kaʁ.ˈnaw/	carnal	carnal
/kla.ˈmoɾ/	clamor	/klɐ.ˈmoʁ/	clamor	clamor
/ˈka.li.ða/	cálida	/ˈka.li.dɐ/	cálida	warm, hot (f.)
/den.ˈtal/	dental	/dẽ.ˈtaw/	dental	dental
/es.ˈka.la/	escala	/eʃ.ˈka.lɐ/	escala	stair, scale
/ˈflu.i.ða/	fluida	/ˈflu.i.dɐ/	fluida	fluid
/xen.ˈtil/	gentil	/ʒẽ.ˈtʃiw/	gentil	gentle, noble
/a.ˈβlaɾ/	hablar	/fa.ˈlaʁ/	falar	to speak
/la.ˈðɾaɾ/	ladrar	/la.ˈdɾaʁ/	ladrar	to bark
/la.ˈno.so/	lanoso	/lɐ.ˈno.zu/	lanoso	woolly
/la.ˈβa.ða/	lavada	/la.ˈva.dɐ/	lavada	washed
/le.ˈɣa.ða/	legada	/le.ˈga.dɐ/	legada	tied (f.)
/li.ˈβɾaɾ/	librar	/li.ˈvɾaʁ/	livrar	to free, save
/li.ˈma.ða/	limada	/li.ˈma.dɐ/	limada	filed, smoothed (f.)
/li.ˈmo.so/	limoso	/li.ˈmo.zu/	limoso	muddy
/lo.a.ˈðoɾ/	loador	/low.va.ˈdoʁ/	louvador	praiser
/lo.ˈka.ða/	locada	/lu.ˈka.dɐ/	locada	rented, placed
/lu.ˈtʃaɾ/	luchar	/lu.ˈtaʁ/	lutar	to fight
/ˈli.βi.ða/	lívida	/ˈli.vi.dɐ/	lívida	livid (f.)
/ˈlu.si.ða/	lúcida	/ˈlu.si.dɐ/	lúcida	lucid, bright (f.)
/moɾ.ˈtal/	mortal	/moʁ.ˈtaw/	mortal	mortal
/noɾ.ˈmal/	normal	/noʁ.ˈmaw/	normal	normal
/o.to.ˈɲal/	otoñal	/ow.to.ˈnaw/	outonal	autumnal
/plu.ˈɾal/	plural	/plu.ˈɾaw/	plural	plural
/ˈpa.li.ða/	pálida	/ˈpa.li.dɐ/	pálida	pale (f.)
/sa.ˈla.ða/	salada	/sa.ˈla.dɐ/	salada	salted (f.)
/sa.ˈli.ða/	salida	/sa.ˈli.dɐ/	salida	left, gone out (f.), exit
/sal.ˈtaɾ/	saltar	/saw.ˈtaʁ/	saltar	to jump
/sal.ˈβaɾ/	salvar	/saw.ˈvaʁ/	salvar	to save
/be.ˈla.ðo/	velado	/ve.ˈla.du/	velado	veiled, watched over
/ˈba.li.ða/	válida	/ˈva.li.dɐ/	válida	valid (f.)
/ˈal.xi.ða/	álgida	/ˈaw.ʒi.dɐ/	álgida	algid, peak (f.)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣaɾ/	alargar	/a.laʁ.ˈgaʁ/	alargar	to lengthen ≠ to widen
/ka.la.ˈðoɾ/	calador	/ka.la.ˈdoʁ/	calador	soaker ≠ silencer
/kal.ˈka.ða/	calcada	/kaw.ˈka.dɐ/	calcada	trodden (f.)
/ka.pi.ˈtal/	capital	/ka.pi.ˈtaw/	capital	capital
/ˈkla.si.ka/	clásica	/ˈkla.si.kɐ/	clássica	classical
/kul.ˈtu.ɾa/	cultura	/kuw.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	cultura	culture
/de.la.ˈðoɾ/	delador	/de.la.ˈdoʁ/	delador	informer, accuser
/glo.ˈβo.so/	globoso	/glu.ˈbo.zu/	globoso	globular
/i.ˈta.li.ka/	itálica	/i.ˈta.li.kɐ/	itálica	Italic, italic
/la.ˈðɾa.ða/	ladrada	/la.ˈdɾa.dɐ/	ladrada	barked (f.)
/la.βa.ˈðoɾ/	lavador	/la.va.ˈdoʁ/	lavador	washer
/le.ˈtʃa.ðo/	lechado	/lej.ˈta.du/	leitado	milked ≠ suckled
/lek.ˈtu.ɾa/	lectura	/lej.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	leitura	reading
/le.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	legador	/le.ga.ˈdoʁ/	legador	binder, bequeather
/le.ˈpɾo.so/	leproso	/le.ˈpɾo.zu/	leproso	leprous
/le.βe.ˈðað/	levedad	/le.vi.ˈda.dʒi/	levidade	lightness, levity
/li.ma.ˈðoɾ/	limador	/li.ma.ˈdoʁ/	limador	filer
/lo.ka.ˈðoɾ/	locador	/lo.ka.ˈdoʁ/	locador	lessor, placer
/ˈla.ɣɾi.ma/	lágrima	/ˈla.gɾi.mɐ/	lágrima	tear
/ˈli.ki.ða/	líquida	/ˈli.kwi.dɐ/	líquida	liquid (f.)
/mi.li.ˈtaɾ/	militar	/mi.li.ˈtaʁ/	militar	military
/na.tu.ˈɾal/	natural	/na.tu.ˈɾaw/	natural	natural
/pa.ˈla.sjo/	palacio	/pa.ˈla.sju/	palácio	palace
/ˈpla.si.ða/	plácida	/ˈpla.si.dɐ/	plácida	placid, calm (f.)
/sa.la.ˈðoɾ/	salador	/sa.la.ˈdoʁ/	salador	salter
/sal.ˈta.ða/	saltada	/saw.ˈta.dɐ/	saltada	jumped (f.)
/sal.ˈβa.ða/	salvada	/saw.ˈva.dɐ/	salvada	saved (f.)
/so.ˈla.ɾjo/	solario	/su.ˈla.ʁju/	solário	solarium
/sol.ˈda.ðo/	soldado	/sow.ˈda.du/	soldado	soldier
/be.la.ˈðoɾ/	velador	/ve.la.ˈdoʁ/	velador	watcher, night-table
/bol.ˈta.ða/	voltada	/vow.ˈta.dɐ/	voltada	turned, flipped (f.)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣa.ða/	alargada	/a.laʁ.ˈga.dɐ/	alargada	lengthened ≠ widened
/kal.ka.ˈðoɾ/	calcador	/kɐw.ka.ˈdoʁ/	calcador	tracer ≠ treader
/kal.ˈka.ɾjo/	calcario	/kaw.ˈka.ʁju/	calcário	chalky, calcareous
/ka.lo.ˈɾo.so/	caloroso	/ka.lo.ˈɾo.zu/	caloroso	warm, hearty
/do.lo.ˈɾo.so/	doloroso	/du.lu.ˈɾo.zu/	doloroso	painful, sorrowful
/glo.ˈɾjo.sa/	gloriosa	/glu.ˈʁjo.zɐ/	gloriosa	glorious (f.)
/la.ðɾa.ˈðoɾ/	ladrador	/la.dɾa.ˈdoʁ/	ladrador	barker
/li.βe.ˈɾa.ða/	liberada	/li.be.ˈɾa.dɐ/	liberada	freed, liberated
/li.βeɾ.ˈtað/	libertad	/li.beʁ.ˈda.dʒi/	liberdade	liberty
/li.βɾa.ˈðoɾ/	librador	/li.vɾa.ˈdoʁ/	livrador	deliverer
/lu.mi.ˈno.so/	luminoso	/lu.mi.ˈno.zu/	luminoso	luminous
/po.ˈli.ti.ka/	política	/pu.ˈli.tʃi.kɐ/	política	politics
/po.ˈli.ti.ko/	político	/pu.ˈli.tʃi.ku/	político	political
/sal.ta.ˈðoɾ/	saltador	/saw.ta.ˈdoʁ/	saltador	jumper
/sal.βa.ˈðoɾ/	salvador	/saw.va.ˈdoʁ/	salvador	savior
/ba.lo.ˈɾo.so/	valoroso	/va.lo.ˈɾo.zu/	valoroso	valorous, brave
/bol.ta.ˈðoɾ/	voltador	/vow.ta.ˈdoʁ/	voltador	flipper, somersaulter
/a.laɾ.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	alargador	/a.laʁ.ga.ˈdoʁ/	alargador	lengthener, extender
/ko.ko.ˈðɾi.lo/	cocodrilo	/kɾo.ko.ˈdʒi.lu/	crocodilo	crocodile
/la.kɾi.ˈmo.so/	lacrimoso	/la.kɾi.ˈmo.zu/	lacrimoso	tearful
/plan.ˈta.ɾjo/	plantario	/plɐ̃.ˈta.ʁju/	plantário	plantar ≠ plantation
/ˈle.ða/	leda	/ˈle.dɐ/	leda	happy (f., archaic)
/sol/	sol	/sɔw/	sol	sun
/ˈla.na/	lana	/lɐ̃/	lã	wool
/le.ˈon/	león	/le.ˈɐ̃w/	leão	lion
/ˈle.βe/	leve	/ˈlɛ.vi/	leve	light
/ˈle.ɲo/	leño	/ˈlẽ.ɲu/	lenho	wood, log
/ljaɾ/	liar	/li.ˈaʁ/	liar	to bind, tie
/ˈli.no/	lino	/ˈlĩ.ɲu/	linho	flax, linen
/mjel/	miel	/mɛw/	mel	honey
/ˈte.la/	tela	/ˈtɛ.lɐ/	tela	cloth
/kɾwel/	cruel	/kɾu.ˈɛw/	cruel	cruel
/ˈje.lo/	hielo	/ˈʒe.lu/	gelo	frost, ice
/ˈle.tʃa/	lecha	/ˈlej.tɐ/	leita	read
/ˈle.tʃe/	leche	/ˈlej.tʃi/	leite	milk
/ˈle.tʃo/	lecho	/ˈlej.tu/	leito	bed
/ˈlen.ta/	lenta	/ˈlẽ.tɐ/	lenta	slow
/ˈlwe.ɣo/	luego	/ˈlɔ.gu/	logo	soon, then
/ˈli.ne.a/	línea	/ˈlĩ.ɲɐ/	linha	line
/ˈsi.glo/	siglo	/ˈsɛ.ku.lu/	século	century
/ˈswe.lo/	suelo	/ˈsɔ.lu/	solo	ground
/al.ˈɣu.no/	alguno	/aw.ˈgũ/	algum	some
/al.ˈpi.na/	alpina	/aw.ˈpĩ.nɐ/	alpina	alpine
/ˈbe.li.ka/	bélica	/ˈbɛ.li.kɐ/	bélica	warlike
/fe.ˈli.na/	felina	/fe.ˈlĩ.nɐ/	felina	feline
/ˈglo.ɾja/	gloria	/ˈglɔ.ʁja/	glória	glory
/la.ˈðɾon/	ladrón	/la.ˈdɾɐ̃w/	ladrão	thief
/la.ˈti.na/	latina	/la.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/	latina	Latin
/ˈleŋ.gwa/	lengua	/ˈlĩ.gwɐ/	língua	tongue, language
/ˈlje.βɾe/	liebre	/ˈlɛ.bɾi/	lebre	hare
/ˈli.mi.te/	límite	/ˈlĩ.mi.tʃi/	limite	limit
/lo.ˈan.do/	loando	/low.ˈvɐ̃.du/	louvando	praising
/lo.ˈan.te/	loante	/low.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	louvante	praising
/ˈlo.xi.ka/	lógica	/ˈlɔ.ʒi.kɐ/	lógica	logic
/ˈlo.xi.ko/	lógico	/ˈlɔ.ʒi.ku/	lógico	logical
/ˈswel.do/	sueldo	/ˈsow.du/	soldo	salary
/ˈtem.plo/	templo	/ˈtẽ.plu/	templo	temple
/ka.ˈlan.do/	calando	/ka.ˈlɐ̃.du/	calando	lowering
/ka.ˈlan.te/	calante	/ka.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	calante	silencing
/es.ˈkwe.la/	escuela	/eʃ.ˈkɔ.lɐ/	escola	school
/la.ˈβan.do/	lavando	/la.ˈvɐ̃.du/	lavando	washing
/la.ˈβan.te/	lavante	/la.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	lavante	washing
/lek.ˈsjon/	lección	/le.ˈsɐ̃w/	lição	lesson, lecture
/len.ˈte.xa/	lenteja	/lẽ.ˈtʃi.ʎɐ/	lentilha	lentil
/le.o.ˈni.na/	leonina	/le.u.ˈnĩ.nɐ/	leonina	lion-like
/le.ˈβan.te/	levante	/le.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	levante	east, the Levant
/li.ˈman.do/	limando	/li.ˈmɐ̃.du/	limando	filing
/li.ˈman.te/	limante	/li.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/	limante	filing
/lo.ˈkan.do/	locando	/lu.ˈkɐ̃.du/	locando	placing
/lo.ˈkan.te/	locante	/lu.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/	locante	placing
/ˈlim.pi.ða/	límpida	/ˈlĩ.pi.dɐ/	límpida	clear, transparent (f.)
/sa.ˈlan.do/	salando	/sa.ˈlɐ̃.du/	salando	salting
/sa.ˈlan.te/	salante	/sa.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	salante	salting
/sil.ˈβa.na/	silvana	/siw.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	silvana	sylvan
/be.ˈlan.te/	velante	/ve.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	velante	veiling
/kal.ˈkan.do/	calcando	/kaw.ˈkɐ̃.du/	calcando	treading
/kal.ˈkan.te/	calcante	/kaw.ˈkɐ̃.tʃi/	calcante	treading
/e.le.ˈɣan.te/	elegante	/e.le.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/	elegante	elegant
/la.ˈðɾan.do/	ladrando	/la.ˈdɾɐ̃.du/	ladrando	barking
/la.ˈðɾan.te/	ladrante	/la.ˈdɾɐ̃.tʃi/	ladrante	barking
/le.ˈtʃan.te/	lechante	/lej.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/	leitante	suckling
/lu.ˈsjen.te/	luciente	/lu.ˈsẽ.tʃi/	lucente	shining, bright
/pa.la.ˈti.na/	palatina	/pa.la.ˈtʃĩ.nɐ/	palatina	palatine
/re.la.ˈsjon/	relación	/ʁe.la.ˈsɐ̃w/	relação	relation, relationship
/sal.ˈtan.do/	saltando	/saw.ˈtɐ̃.du/	saltando	jumping
/sal.ˈtan.te/	saltante	/saw.ˈtɐ̃.tʃi/	saltante	jumping
/sal.ˈβan.do/	salvando	/saw.ˈvɐ̃.du/	salvando	saving
/sal.ˈβan.te/	salvante	/saw.ˈvɐ̃.tʃi/	salvante	saving
/ba.ˈljen.te/	valiente	/va.ˈlẽ.tʃi/	valente	valiant
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.do/	alargando	/a.laʁ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	alargando	lengthening ≠ widening
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.te/	alargante	/a.laʁ.ˈgɐ̃.tʃi/	alargante	lengthening ≠ widening
/li.βe.ˈɾan.do/	liberando	/li.be.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	liberando	freeing
/li.βe.ˈɾan.te/	liberante	/li.be.ˈɾɐ̃.tʃi/	liberante	freeing
/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/	vigilante	/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tʃi/	vigilante	vigilant, watchful
/kɾis.ta.ˈli.na/	cristalina	/kɾiʃ.ta.ˈlĩ.nɐ/	cristalina	crystalline
/al.ˈɣun/	algún	/aw.ˈgũ/	algum	some (apocopated prenominal form of alguno)
/ˈlweŋ.go/	luengo	/ˈlõ.gu/	longo	long (archaic)
/le.ˈɣan.do/	legando	/le.ˈgɐ̃.du/	legando	binding (gerund; archaic)
/le.ˈβan.do/	levando	/le.ˈvɐ̃.du/	levando	lifting (gerund)
/be.ˈlan.do/	velando	/ve.ˈlɐ̃.du/	velando	veiling, watching over (gerund)
/bol.ˈtan.do/	voltando	/vow.ˈtɐ̃.du/	voltando	turning, flipping (gerund)
/gul/	gul	/guw/	gul	gul
/a.ˈsul/	azul	/a.ˈzuw/	azul	blue
/a.ˈɲil/	añil	/ɐ.ˈniw/	anil	indigo
/ˈsa.la/	sala	/ˈsa.lɐ/	sala	room, hall
/ˈfal.da/	falda	/ˈfaw.dɐ/	falda	skirt, mountain slope
/a.ˈlal/	halal	/a.ˈlaw/	halal	halal
/ˈlis.ta/	lista	/ˈliʃ.tɐ/	lista	list, stripe
/ˈki.bla/	qibla	/ˈki.blɐ/	qibla	qibla, prayer direction
/ˈtol.do/	toldo	/ˈtow.du/	toldo	awning, canopy
/a.ˈlaɾ.ðe/	alarde	/a.ˈlaʁ.dʒi/	alarde	review, display
/al.ˈda.βa/	aldaba	/aw.ˈdɾa.bɐ/	aldraba	door knocker
/al.ˈxa.βa/	aljaba	/aw.ˈʒa.vɐ/	aljava	quiver
/ka.ˈli.fa/	califa	/ka.ˈli.fɐ/	califa	caliph
/e.lik.ˈsiɾ/	elixir	/i.lik.ˈsiʁ/	elixir	elixir
/xa.βa.ˈli/	jabalí	/ʒa.va.ˈli/	javali	wild boar
/a.la.ˈkɾan/	alacrán	/la.ˈkɾaw/	lacrau	scorpion
/a.la.ˈɾi.fe/	alarife	/a.la.ˈɾi.fi/	alarife	master builder
/al.ˈkaj.ðe/	alcaide	/aw.ˈkaj.dʒi/	alcaide	warden, governor of a castle
/al.ˈka.saɾ/	alcázar	/aw.ˈka.seʁ/	alcácer	castle, palace
/al.ma.ˈði.a/	almadía	/aw.ma.ˈdʒi.ɐ/	almadia	raft, river-crossing float
/al.ˈma.gɾe/	almagre	/aw.ˈma.gɾi/	almagre	red ochre
/a.ta.ˈla.ja/	atalaya	/a.ta.ˈla.jɐ/	atalaia	watchtower
/a.su.ˈle.xo/	azulejo	/a.zu.ˈle.ʒu/	azulejo	ceramic tile
/ka.ˈli.βɾe/	calibre	/ka.ˈli.bɾi/	calibre	caliber
/fa.ˈla.fel/	falafel	/fa.ˈla.fɛw/	falafel	falafel
/ˈal.xe.βɾa/	álgebra	/ˈaw.ʒi.bɾɐ/	álgebra	algebra
/al.βa.ˈa.ka/	albahaca	/aw.fa.ˈva.kɐ/	alfavaca	basil
/al.βoɾ.ˈnos/	albornoz	/aw.buʁ.ˈnoʃ/	albornoz	hooded cloak
/al.ˈmis.kle/	almizcle	/aw.ˈmiʃ.kaʁ/	almíscar	musk
/al.mo.ˈa.ða/	almohada	/aw.mo.ˈfa.dɐ/	almofada	pillow
/al.mo.ˈa.sa/	almohaza	/aw.mu.ˈfa.sɐ/	almofaça	currycomb
/al.βa.ˈjal.de/	albayalde	/aw.va.ˈja.dʒi/	alvaiade	white lead
/al.ma.ˈna.ke/	almanaque	/aw.mɐ.ˈna.ki/	almanaque	almanac, calendar
/es.kaɾ.ˈla.ta/	escarlata	/iʃ.kaʁ.ˈla.tʃi/	escarlate	scarlet
/al.ˈβej.taɾ/	albéitar	/aw.ˈvej.taʁ/	alveitar	veterinarian (archaic; modern Spanish uses 'veterinario')
/al.fa.ˈja.te/	alfayate	/aw.fa.ˈja.tʃi/	alfaiate	tailor (archaic)
/al.ˈde.a/	aldea	/aw.ˈdej.ɐ/	aldeia	village
/li.ˈmon/	limón	/li.ˈmɐ̃w/	limão	lemon
/ˈjel.mo/	yelmo	/ˈɛw.mu/	elmo	helmet
/a.ˈðel.fa/	adelfa	/a.ˈdɛw.fɐ/	adelfa	oleander
/al.ˈko.βa/	alcoba	/aw.ˈkɔ.vɐ/	alcova	alcove, bedroom
/a.ˈle.ɲa/	alheña	/aw.ˈfẽ.nɐ/	alfena	henna
/sul.ˈtan/	sultán	/suw.ˈtɐ̃w/	sultão	sultán
/a.la.ˈkɾan/	alacrán	/a.la.ˈkɾɐ̃w/	alacrão	scorpion
/al.ko.ˈol/	alcohol	/ˈaw.ko.ow/	álcool	alcohol
/al.ˈfaŋ.xe/	alfanje	/aw.ˈfɐ̃.ʒi/	alfange	scimitar
/al.go.ˈðon/	algodón	/aw.gu.ˈdɐ̃w/	algodão	cotton
/al.βa.ˈko.ɾa/	albacora	/aw.ba.ˈkɔ.ɾɐ/	albacora	yellowfin tuna
/al.ˈki.mja/	alquimia	/aw.ˈkĩ.ja/	alquimia	alchemy
/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/	algarroba	/aw.fa.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	alfarroba	carob
/al.ki.ˈtɾan/	alquitrán	/aw.ka.ˈtɾɐ̃w/	alcatrão	tar
/ˈu.la/	hula	/ˈu.lɐ/	hula	hula, Hawaiian dance
/i.ˈɣlu/	iglú	/i.ˈglu/	iglu	igloo
/ˈla.ka/	laca	/ˈla.kɐ/	laca	lacquer, lac
/bals/	vals	/ˈvaw.sɐ/	valsa	waltz
/a.ˈlo.a/	aloha	/a.ˈlo.ɐ/	aloha	aloha
/blits/	blitz	/blits/	blitz	blitz
/ˈtʃi.le/	chile	/ˈtʃi.li/	chile	chili pepper
/ˈdol.ma/	dolma	/ˈdow.mɐ/	dolma	dolma
/ˈgo.lem/	golem	/ˈgo.lẽ/	golem	golem
/ˈal.βa/	halva	/ˈaw.vɐ/	halva	halva
/ˈkal.pa/	kalpa	/ˈkaw.pɐ/	calpa	kalpa
/ˈla.ɣeɾ/	lager	/ˈla.geʁ/	lager	lager, bottom-fermented beer
/ˈla.si/	lassi	/ˈla.si/	lassi	lassi, yogurt drink
/ˈli.tʃi/	lichi	/ˈli.ʃi.ɐ/	lichia	lichi
/a.ˈli.ja/	aliyah	/a.ˈli.jɐ/	aliyah	aliyah, immigration to Israel
/al.ˈpa.ka/	alpaca	/aw.ˈpa.kɐ/	alpaca	alpaca
/ˈka.βa.la/	cábala	/ˈka.ba.lɐ/	cábala	cábala
/glitʃ/	glitch	/gliʃ/	glitch	glitch, malfunction
/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	/gu.ˈla.ʃi/	gulache	gulash
/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	gulash
/xa.ˈle.βi/	jalebi	/ʒa.ˈle.bi/	jalebi	jalebi, fried sweet
/ma.ˈa.lo/	mahalo	/ma.ˈa.lu/	mahalo	mahalo, thank you
/ma.ˈsa.la/	masala	/ma.ˈza.lɐ/	masala	masala, spice mix
/mes.ˈkal/	mezcal	/meʃ.ˈkaw/	mezcal	mezcal
/ˈsam.bal/	sambal	/sɐ̃.ˈbaw/	sambal	sambal, chili paste
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/ba.ˈkla.vɐ/	baclava	baklava
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/ba.ˈkla.vɐ/	baklava	baklava
/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/	bulgogi	/buw.ˈgo.gi/	bulgogi	bulgogi, grilled beef
/ˈtʃe.βol/	chaebol	/ˈʃe.bɔw/	chaebol	chaebol, Korean conglomerate
/man.ˈda.la/	mandala	/mɐ̃.ˈda.lɐ/	mandala	mandala
/te.ˈki.la/	tequila	/te.ˈki.lɐ/	tequila	tequila
/u.ke.ˈle.le/	ukelele	/u.ku.ˈle.li/	ukulele	ukelele
/u.ku.ˈle.le/	ukulele	/u.ku.ˈle.li/	ukulele	ukulele
/glas.ˈnost/	glasnost	/glaʒ.ˈnoʃt/	glasnost	glasnost
/tʃo.ko.ˈla.te/	chocolate	/ʃo.ko.ˈla.tʃi/	chocolate	chocolate
/lejt.mo.ˈtif/	leitmotiv	/lejt.mo.ˈtʃiv/	leitmotiv	leitmotiv
/esʃ.ni.ˈtsel/	schnitzel	/ˈʃni.tsew/	schnitzel	schnitzel
/loks/	lox	/lɔkʃ/	lox	lox, cured salmon
/ˈlo.ka/	loka	/ˈlɔ.kɐ/	loka	loka, world
/lu.ˈa.u/	luau	/lu.ˈaw/	luau	luau
/ˈbli.ni/	blini	/ˈblĩ.ni/	blini	blini
/ˈon.dol/	ondol	/ˈõ.dow/	ondol	ondol, underfloor heating
/pi.ˈlaf/	pilaf	/pi.ˈlaw/	pilau	pilaf, rice dish
/ˈpol.ka/	polca	/ˈpɔw.kɐ/	polca	polca
/ˈjo.ðel/	yodel	/ˈjɔ.dew/	yodel	yodel, Alpine vocal technique
/ˈaŋ.gul/	hangul	/ˈɐ̃.guw/	hangul	hangul
/ʃa.ˈlom/	shalom	/ʃa.ˈlõ/	shalom	shalom
/ʃtetl/	shtetl	/ʃtɛtw/	shtetl	shtetl, Jewish small town
/ˈkles.meɾ/	klezmer	/ˈklɛz.meʁ/	klezmer	klezmer, Jewish folk music
/buŋ.ˈga.lo/	bungalow	/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/	bangalo	bungalow, single-story house
/ʃmalts/	schmaltz	/ʃmawts/	schmaltz	schmaltz
/gwa.ka.ˈmo.le/	guacamole	/gwa.kɐ.ˈmɔ.li/	guacamole	guacamole

→ /j/⟨ll⟩ · 30

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈji/	allí	/a.ˈli/	ali	there
/ˈe.jos/	ellos	/ˈe.liʃ/	eles	they (m. pl.)
/ˈga.jo/	gallo	/ˈga.lu/	galo	rooster
/ˈba.je/	valle	/ˈva.li/	vale	valley
/ˈbi.ja/	villa	/ˈvi.lɐ/	vila	town
/je.ˈβaɾ/	llevar	/le.ˈvaʁ/	levar	to carry, take
/ka.ˈβa.ja/	caballa	/ka.ˈva.lɐ/	cavala	mare
/ka.ˈβa.jo/	caballo	/ka.ˈva.lu/	cavalo	horse
/ka.ˈβe.jo/	cabello	/ka.ˈbe.lu/	cabelo	hair
/ka.ˈjo.so/	calloso	/ka.ˈlo.zu/	caloso	callous
/ka.ˈβa.jo/	cavallo	/ka.ˈva.lu/	cavalo	horse
/je.ˈβa.ða/	llevada	/le.ˈva.dɐ/	levada	carried, taken (f.)
/je.βa.ˈðoɾ/	llevador	/le.va.ˈdoʁ/	levador	carrier
/ˈe.ja/	ella	/ˈɛ.lɐ/	ela	she
/ˈbe.ja/	bella	/ˈbɛ.lɐ/	bela	beautiful
/ˈpo.jo/	pollo	/ˈpɔ.lu/	polo	chicken ≠ young animal
/ˈsi.ja/	silla	/ˈsɛ.lɐ/	sela	chair ≠ saddle
/ˈkwe.jo/	cuello	/ˈkɔ.lu/	colo	neck
/ˈmwe.je/	muelle	/ˈmɔ.li/	mole	soft, spring
/a.ˈke.ja/	aquella	/a.ˈkɛ.lɐ/	aquela	that one (yonder, f.)
/a.ˈke.jo/	aquello	/a.ˈki.lu/	aquilo	that (neuter)
/ga.ˈji.na/	gallina	/ga.ˈlĩ.ɲɐ/	galinha	hen
/bi.ˈja.no/	villano	/vi.ˈlɐ̃w/	vilão	serf, villain
/a.ma.ˈɾi.ja/	amarilla	/ɐ.ma.ˈɾɛ.lɐ/	amarela	yellow (f.)
/a.βe.ˈja.na/	avellana	/a.ve.ˈlɐ̃/	avelã	hazelnut
/kas.ˈti.jo/	castillo	/kaʃ.ˈtɛ.lu/	castelo	castle
/es.ˈtɾe.ja/	estrella	/eʃ.ˈtɾɛ.lɐ/	estrela	star
/fɾa.ˈðje.jo/	fradiello	/fɾa.ˈɛ.lu/	fraelu	little brother (Late Latin diminutive of FRATER)
/be.ˈjo.ta/	bellota	/bo.ˈlɔ.tɐ/	bolota	acorn
/tʃin.ˈtʃi.ja/	chinchilla	/ʃin.ˈʃi.lɐ/	chinchila	chinchilla

→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 4

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kin.ˈtal/	quintal	/kĩ.ˈtaw/	quintal	quintal
/ku.ˈri/	curry	/ka.ˈɾiw/	caril	curry
/ba.ˈɣel/	bagel	/ba.ˈʒɛw/	bagel	bagel
/mes.ˈkal/	mezcal	/meʃ.ˈkaw/	mescal	mezcal

→ /n/⟨n⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/na.ˈɾaŋ.xa/	naranja	/la.ˈɾɐ̃.ʒɐ/	laranja	orange (fruit)

/∅⟨z⟩, ɐw, ∅⟨u⟩, ∅⟨c⟩, ∅⟨n⟩, ∅⟨y⟩, ∅⟨o⟩/⟨n, c, z, a, u, y, o⟩ → /∅/27 pairs

source

→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 25

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈsje.lo/	cielo	/sɛw/	céu	sky
/ʃa.ˈwaɾ.ma/	shawarma	/ʃɐw.ˈaʁ.mɐ/	shawarma	shawarma, spit-roasted meat
/saɾ/	zar	/zaʁ/	czar	zar (tsar)
/tsaɾ/	tsar	/zaʁ/	czar	tsar, Russian emperor
/blits/	blitz	/blits/	blitz	blitz
/ˈgo.an/	gohan	/ˈgo.ɐ̃/	gohan	gohan, cooked rice
/ˈjo.kan/	yokan	/ˈjo.kɐ̃/	yokan	yokan, jelly bar
/es.ˈnaps/	esnaps	/ʃnapʃ/	schnaps	schnapps
/ki.ˈβuts/	kibutz	/ki.ˈbuts/	kibutz	kibutz, Israeli collective
/kitʃ/	kitsch	/kiʃ/	kitsch	kitsch
/mits.ˈba/	mitzvah	/mits.ˈva/	mitzvah	mitzvah, commandment
/ˈmuk.ban/	mukbang	/ˈmuk.bɐ̃/	mukbang	mukbang, eating broadcast
/tan.ˈduɾ/	tandoor	/tɐ̃.ˈduʁ/	tandoor	tandoor, clay oven
/kon.ˈja.ku/	konnyaku	/kõ.ˈa.ku/	konnyaku	konnyaku, konjac jelly
/no.ˈɾe.βan/	noraebang	/no.ˈɾe.bɐ̃/	noraebang	noraebang, karaoke room
/nan/	naan	/nɐ̃/	naan	naan, Indian flatbread
/ˈdaŋ.go/	dango	/ˈdɐ̃.gu/	dango	dango, rice dumpling
/ˈman.dʒu/	manju	/ˈmɐ̃.ʒu/	manju	manju, steamed sweet bun
/ˈpaŋ.ko/	panko	/ˈpɐ̃.ku/	panko	panko, breadcrumbs
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutan	rambután, tropical fruit
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutao	rambután, tropical fruit
/ʃmalts/	schmaltz	/ʃmawts/	schmaltz	schmaltz
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/o.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra
/o.ɾaŋ.gu.ˈtan/	orangután	/o.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan
/esʃ.ni.ˈtsel/	schnitzel	/ˈʃni.tsew/	schnitzel	schnitzel

→ /a/⟨a⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kal.ka.ˈðoɾ/	calcador	/kɐw.ka.ˈdoʁ/	calcador	tracer ≠ treader

→ /tʃ/⟨c⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈtʃi.ta/	citta	/ˈitʃ.tɐ/	citta	citta, mind / consciousness