A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Companion / Latin American / Part 4 / 4b.5
Chapter 4b.5

F-pt

This chapter in the Iberian edition: Chapter 4b.7

137 cognate pairs

Outcomes
/f/⟨f, ph⟩ → /f, ∅⟨h⟩/137 pairs
source
Sagittal articulation of /f/
/f/
→ /f/⟨f⟩ · 104
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /f/
/f/
ES IPASpanishPT IPAPortugueseEnglish
/fin/fin/fi/fiend
/floɾ/flor/floʁ/florflower
/ˈfɾi.o/frío/ˈfɾi.u/friocold
/ˈfɾi.o/frío/ˈfɾi.ʒi.du/frígidocold
/fa.ˈlas/falaz/fa.ˈlaʃ/falazdeceitful, fallacious
/ˈfal.sa/falsa/ˈfaw.sɐ/falsafalse
/fa.ˈtal/fatal/fa.ˈtaw/fatalfatal
/fa.ˈβoɾ/favor/fa.ˈvoʁ/favorfavor
/fe.ˈlis/feliz/fe.ˈliʃ/felizhappy, fortunate
/ˈfɾu.ta/fruta/ˈfɾu.tɐ/frutafruit
/fu.ˈɾoɾ/furor/fu.ˈɾoʁ/furorrage, fury
/ˈfa.sil/fácil/ˈfa.siw/fácileasy
/fa.ˈmo.so/famoso/fɐ.ˈmo.zu/famosofamous
/fe.ˈɾi.ða/ferida/fe.ˈɾi.dɐ/feridawounded
/feɾ.ˈβoɾ/fervor/feʁ.ˈvoʁ/fervorheat, fervor
/fi.ˈɣu.ɾa/figura/fi.ˈgu.ɾɐ/figurafigure, shape
/fi.ˈni.ða/finida/fi.ˈni.dɐ/finidafinished
/fiɾ.ˈmaɾ/firmar/fiʁ.ˈmaʁ/firmarto firm, sign
/ˈflu.i.ða/fluida/ˈflu.i.dɐ/fluidafluid
/foɾ.ˈmaɾ/formar/foʁ.ˈmaʁ/formarto form, shape
/fu.ˈmo.so/fumoso/fu.ˈmo.zu/fumososmoky
/ˈfa.βɾi.ka/fábrica/ˈfa.bɾi.kɐ/fábricafactory
/fiɾ.ˈma.ða/firmada/fiʁ.ˈma.dɐ/firmadafirmed, signed (f.)
/foɾ.ˈma.ða/formada/fuʁ.ˈma.dɐ/formadashaped
/foɾ.ˈtu.na/fortuna/foʁ.ˈtu.nɐ/fortunafortune
/ˈfɾi.xi.ða/frígida/ˈfɾi.ʒi.dɐ/frígidafrigid, cold (f.)
/de.fen.ˈdeɾ/defender/de.fẽ.ˈdeʁ/defenderto defend
/fa.βo.ˈɾo.so/favoroso/fa.vu.ˈɾo.zu/favorosofavorable
/fiɾ.ma.ˈðoɾ/firmador/fiʁ.ma.ˈdoʁ/firmadorsigner
/foɾ.ma.ˈðoɾ/formador/foʁ.ma.ˈdoʁ/formadorshaper, trainer
/in.fi.ˈni.ta/infinita/ĩ.fi.ˈni.tɐ/infinitainfinite (f.)
/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.so/fervoroso/feʁ.vo.ˈɾo.zu/fervorosofervent, ardent
/fe/fe/fɛ/féfaith
/ˈfe.a/fea/ˈfej.ɐ/feiaugly (f.)
/fin/fin/fĩ/fimend
/ˈfa.ma/fama/ˈfɐ.mɐ/famafame, reputation
/ˈfon.do/fondo/ˈfũ.du/fundobottom
/ˈfoɾ.ma/forma/ˈfɔʁ.mɐ/formaform
/ˈfɾe.no/freno/ˈfɾej.u/freiobridle, brake
/ˈfwe.ɣo/fuego/ˈfo.gu/fogofire
/fa.ˈɾi.na/farina/fa.ˈɾĩ.ɲɐ/farinhaflour
/fe.ˈli.na/felina/fe.ˈlĩ.nɐ/felinafeline
/ˈfjes.ta/fiesta/ˈfɛʃ.tɐ/festafeast
/fɾe.ˈtʃo/frecho/ˈfɾej.tu/freitobroken
/ˈfɾen.te/frente/ˈfɾõ.tʃi/fronteforehead, front
/ˈfwen.te/fuente/ˈfõ.tʃi/fontefountain, spring
/ˈfweɾ.te/fuerte/ˈfɔʁ.tʃi/fortestrong
/ˈfweɾ.sa/fuerza/ˈfɔʁ.sɐ/forçaforce, strength
/fe.ˈβɾe.ɾo/febrero/fe.ve.ˈɾej.ɾu/fevereiroFebruary
/fun.ˈsjon/función/fun.ˈsɐ̃w/funçãofunction
/in.ˈfan.te/infante/ĩ.ˈfɐ̃.tʃi/infanteinfant, prince
/pɾo.ˈfa.na/profana/pɾu.ˈfɐ.nɐ/profanaprofane (f.)
/ˈpeɾ.fi.ða/pérfida/ˈpɛʁ.fi.dɐ/pérfidaperfidious, treacherous (f.)
/a.fɾi.ˈka.na/africana/a.fɾi.ˈkɐ.nɐ/africanaAfrican
/fiɾ.ˈman.do/firmando/fiʁ.ˈmɐ̃.du/firmandostrengthening
/fiɾ.ˈman.te/firmante/fiʁ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/firmantesigning
/foɾ.ˈman.do/formando/foʁ.ˈmɐ̃.du/formandoforming
/foɾ.ˈman.te/formante/fuʁ.ˈmɐ̃.tʃi/formanteforming
/pɾo.ˈfun.da/profunda/pɾo.ˈfũ.dɐ/profundadeep
/feɾ.ˈβjen.te/ferviente/feʁ.ˈvẽ.tʃi/ferventefervent, ardent
/fɾa.ˈðje.jo/fradiello/fɾa.ˈɛ.lu/fraelulittle brother (Late Latin diminutive of FRATER)
/so.ˈfa/sofá/so.ˈfa/sofásofa
/su.ˈfi/sufi/su.ˈfi/sufisufí, Islamic mystic
/su.ˈfi/sufí/su.ˈfi/sufisufí
/ˈsi.fɾa/cifra/ˈsi.fɾɐ/cifracipher, digit, zero
/ˈfal.da/falda/ˈfaw.dɐ/faldaskirt, mountain slope
/ˈfat.wa/fatua/ˈfa.twɐ/fátuafatua
/muf.ˈti/muftí/muf.ˈtʃi/muftimuftí
/ˈsa.fɾa/zafra/ˈsa.fɾɐ/safraharvest (esp. sugar-cane harvest)
/ka.ˈli.fa/califa/ka.ˈli.fɐ/califacaliph
/fa.ˈkiɾ/faquir/fa.ˈkiʁ/faquirfakir
/ˈfɾas.ko/frasco/ˈfɾaʃ.ku/frascoflask, jar
/ˈfɾes.ko/fresco/ˈfɾeʃ.ku/frescofresh, cool
/xi.ˈɾa.fa/jirafa/ʒi.ˈɾa.fɐ/girafagiraffe
/ta.ˈɾi.fa/tarifa/ta.ˈɾi.fɐ/tarifatariff, price list
/sa.ˈfi.ɾo/zafiro/sa.ˈfi.ɾɐ/safirasapphire
/a.la.ˈɾi.fe/alarife/a.la.ˈɾi.fi/alarifemaster builder
/fa.ˈla.fel/falafel/fa.ˈla.fɛw/falafelfalafel
/in.ti.ˈfa.ða/intifada/ĩ.tʃi.ˈfa.dɐ/intifadaintifada
/al.fa.ˈja.te/alfayate/aw.fa.ˈja.tʃi/alfaiatetailor (archaic)
/ka.ˈfe/café/ka.ˈfɛ/cafécoffee
/a.ˈðel.fa/adelfa/a.ˈdɛw.fɐ/adelfaoleander
/ˈfɾaŋ.ka/franca/ˈfɾɐ̃.kɐ/francafrank, free (f.)
/al.ˈfaŋ.xe/alfanje/aw.ˈfɐ̃.ʒi/alfangescimitar
/a.sa.ˈfɾan/azafrán/a.sa.ˈfɾɐ̃w/açafrãosaffron
/ˈfu.ɣu/fugu/ˈfu.gu/fugufugu, pufferfish
/ˈto.fu/tofu/ˈto.fu/tofutofu
/ke.ˈfiɾ/kefir/ke.ˈfiʁ/kefirkefir, fermented milk
/ke.ˈfiɾ/kefir/ke.ˈfiʁ/quefirkefir, fermented milk
/goŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/gõ.ˈfu/gongfukung fu
/goŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/kuŋ.ˈfu/kung-fukung fu
/sa.ˈfa.ɾi/safari/sa.ˈfa.ɾi/safarisafari
/ʃo.ˈfaɾ/shofar/ʃo.ˈfaʁ/shofarshofar, ritual ram's horn
/kuŋ.ˈfu/kung-fu/gõ.ˈfu/gongfukung-fu
/kuŋ.ˈfu/kung-fu/kuŋ.ˈfu/kung-fukung-fu
/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/fengshui/fẽʃ.ˈwaj/fengshuifeng shui
/feŋ.ˈʃwi/feng-shui/fẽ.ˈʃwi/feng-shuifeng shui
/fu.ˈton/futón/fu.ˈtõ/futonfuton
/ˈke.fiɾ/kéfir/ke.ˈfiʁ/kefirkéfir
/ˈke.fiɾ/kéfir/ke.ˈfiʁ/quefirkéfir
/ti.ˈfon/tifón/tu.ˈfɐ̃w/tufaotyphoon
/fiɾ.ˈman/firman/fiʁ.ˈmɐ̃/firmanfirmán, royal decree
/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/fengshui/fẽ.ˈʃwi/feng-shuifeng shui
/feŋ.ˈʃwi/feng-shui/fẽʃ.ˈwaj/fengshuifeng shui
→ /∅⟨h⟩/⟨h⟩ · 27
ES IPASpanishPT IPAPortugueseEnglish
/ˈa.βa/haba/ˈfa.vɐ/favabroad bean
/ˈa.ða/hada/ˈfa.dɐ/fadafairy
/ˈa.ðo/hado/ˈfa.du/fadofate
/ˈi.ɣo/higo/ˈfi.gu/figofig
/ˈi.xa/hija/ˈfi.ʎɐ/filhadaughter
/ˈi.xo/hijo/ˈfi.ʎu/filhoson
/ˈi.lo/hilo/ˈfi.u/fiothread
/ˈu.mo/humo/ˈfu.mu/fumosmoke
/a.ˈseɾ/hacer/fa.ˈzeʁ/fazerto do, make
/ˈaɾ.to/harto/ˈfaʁ.tu/fartofed up, satiated
/e.ˈɾiɾ/herir/fe.ˈɾiʁ/ferirto wound
/ˈoɾ.no/horno/ˈfoʁ.nu/fornooven
/a.ˈβlaɾ/hablar/fa.ˈlaʁ/falarto speak
/aɾ.ˈtaɾ/hartar/faʁ.ˈtaʁ/fartarto fill, to satiate
/e.ˈɾi.ða/herida/fe.ˈɾi.dɐ/feridawounded (f.), wound
/e.ˈtʃi.so/hechizo/fej.ˈtʃi.su/feitiçospell, charm
/e.ˈtʃu.ɾa/hechura/fej.ˈtu.ɾɐ/feituramaking, creation
/oɾ.ˈmi.ɣa/hormiga/fuʁ.ˈmi.gɐ/formigaant
/os/hoz/ˈfoj.si/foicesickle
/ˈe.no/heno/ˈfẽ.nu/fenohay
/ˈo.xa/hoja/ˈfɔ.ʎɐ/folhaleaf
/ˈe.tʃa/hecha/ˈfej.tɐ/feitadone
/eɾ.ˈβiɾ/hervir/feʁ.ˈveʁ/ferverto boil
/ˈje.ro/hierro/ˈfɛ.ʁu/ferroiron
/al.mo.ˈa.ða/almohada/aw.mo.ˈfa.dɐ/almofadapillow
/a.ˈle.ɲa/alheña/aw.ˈfẽ.nɐ/alfenahenna
/u.ɾa.ˈkan/huracán/fu.ɾa.ˈkɐ̃w/furacãohurricane
→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 4
ES IPASpanishPT IPAPortugueseEnglish
/a.ˈɾi.na/harina/fa.ˈɾĩ.ɲɐ/farinhaflour
/ta.ˈɾe.a/tarea/ta.ˈɾe.fɐ/tarefatask, assignment
/al.mo.ˈa.sa/almohaza/aw.mu.ˈfa.sɐ/almofaçacurrycomb
/ˈse.ɾo/cero/ˈsi.fɾɐ/cifracero
→ /ɣ/⟨g⟩ · 1
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /ɣ/
/ɣ/
ES IPASpanishPT IPAPortugueseEnglish
/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/algarroba/aw.fa.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/alfarrobacarob
→ /f/⟨ph⟩ · 1
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /f/
/f/
ES IPASpanishPT IPAPortugueseEnglish
/fo/pho/fɔ/phopho
Every table here shows the full corpus behind a sound correspondence — the print book shows a curated handful. Forms are generated from the book’s Latin→Romance model; the CCA column is the reconstructed common ancestor.