G-lenition-pt

This chapter in the Latin American edition: Chapter 4b.5

131 cognate pairs

/g, ɡ/⟨g⟩ → /ɣ/131 pairs

source

→ /ɣ/⟨g⟩ · 120

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.ɣɾo/	agro	/ˈa.gɾu/	agro	field, agriculture
/ˈal.ɣo/	algo	/ˈaɫ.gu/	algo	something
/ˈi.ɣo/	higo	/ˈfi.gu/	figo	fig
/ˈla.ɣo/	lago	/ˈla.gu/	lago	lake
/a.ˈɣu.ða/	aguda	/ɐ.ˈgu.dɐ/	aguda	sharp
/a.ˈɣu.xa/	aguja	/ɐ.ˈgu.ʎɐ/	agulha	needle
/a.ˈmi.ɣa/	amiga	/ɐ.ˈmi.gɐ/	amiga	friend
/ˈdiɣ.no/	digno	/ˈdig.nu/	digno	worthy
/xu.ˈɣaɾ/	jugar	/ʒu.ˈgaɾ/	jogar	to play
/ˈlaɾ.ɣa/	larga	/ˈlaɾ.gɐ/	larga	wide, long
/le.ˈɣal/	legal	/lɨ.ˈgaɫ/	legal	legal
/ˈʎa.ɣa/	llaga	/ˈʃa.gɐ/	chaga	wound
/lu.ˈɣaɾ/	lugar	/lu.ˈgaɾ/	lugar	place
/ˈmaɣ.na/	magna	/ˈmag.nɐ/	magna	great, magnificent (f.)
/ˈma.ɣɾa/	magra	/ˈma.gɾɐ/	magra	lean (meat)
/ne.ˈɣaɾ/	negar	/nɨ.ˈgaɾ/	negar	to deny
/ˈne.ɣɾa/	negra	/ˈne.gɾɐ/	negra	black
/pa.ˈɣaɾ/	pagar	/pɐ.ˈgaɾ/	pagar	to pay
/ro.ˈɣaɾ/	rogar	/ʁu.ˈgaɾ/	rogar	to beg, plead
/sa.ˈɣaθ/	sagaz	/sɐ.ˈgaʃ/	sagaz	sagacious, shrewd
/se.ˈɣaɾ/	segar	/sɨ.ˈgaɾ/	segar	to harvest, mow
/ˈsiɣ.no/	signo	/ˈsig.nu/	signo	sign
/ba.ˈɣaɾ/	vagar	/vɐ.ˈgaɾ/	vagar	to wander, roam
/ˈbeɾ.ɣa/	verga	/ˈveɾ.gɐ/	verga	rod, switch
/bi.ˈɣoɾ/	vigor	/vi.ˈgoɾ/	vigor	vigor, strength
/a.ˈɣos.to/	agosto	/ɐ.ˈgoʃ.tu/	agosto	August
/a.ˈmaɾ.ɣa/	amarga	/ɐ.ˈmaɾ.gɐ/	amarga	bitter (f.)
/fi.ˈɣu.ɾa/	figura	/fi.ˈgu.ɾɐ/	figura	figure, shape
/fɾu.ˈɣal/	frugal	/fɾu.ˈgaɫ/	frugal	frugal
/le.ˈɣa.ða/	legada	/lɨ.ˈga.dɐ/	legada	tied (f.)
/ʎe.ˈɣaɾ/	llegar	/ʃɨ.ˈgaɾ/	chegar	to arrive
/ne.ˈɣa.ða/	negada	/nɨ.ˈga.dɐ/	negada	denied (f.)
/pa.ˈɣa.ða/	pagada	/pɐ.ˈga.dɐ/	pagada	paid (f.)
/ro.ˈɣa.ða/	rogada	/ʁu.ˈga.dɐ/	rogada	asked, begged (f.)
/ru.ˈɣo.so/	rugoso	/ʁu.ˈgo.zu/	rugoso	wrinkled, rugged
/se.ˈɣa.ða/	segada	/sɨ.ˈga.dɐ/	segada	mowed, harvested (f.)
/se.ˈɣu.ɾa/	segura	/sɨ.ˈgu.ɾɐ/	segura	sure, safe
/ba.ˈɣa.ða/	vagada	/vɐ.ˈga.dɐ/	vagada	wandered (f.)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣaɾ/	alargar	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgaɾ/	alargar	to lengthen ≠ to widen
/an.ˈti.ɣwa/	antigua	/ɐ̃.ˈti.gɐ/	antiga	ancient (f.)
/kon.ˈmi.ɣo/	conmigo	/ku.ˈmi.gu/	comigo	with me
/kon.ˈsi.ɣo/	consigo	/kõ.ˈsi.gu/	consigo	with him/herself
/kon.ˈti.ɣo/	contigo	/kõ.ˈti.gu/	contigo	with you
/oɾ.ˈmi.ɣa/	hormiga	/fuɾ.ˈmi.gɐ/	formiga	ant
/i.ˈɣle.sja/	iglesia	/i.ˈgɾe.ʒɐ/	igreja	church
/le.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	legador	/lɨ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	legador	binder, bequeather
/ʎe.ˈɣa.ða/	llegada	/ʃɨ.ˈga.dɐ/	chegada	arrival, arrived (f.)
/ˈla.ɣɾi.ma/	lágrima	/ˈla.gɾi.mɐ/	lágrima	tear
/men.ˈdi.ɣo/	mendigo	/mẽ.ˈdi.gu/	mendigo	beggar
/mi.ˈla.ɣɾo/	milagro	/mi.ˈla.ɡɾɨ/	milagre	miracle
/ne.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	negador	/nɨ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	negador	denier
/pa.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	pagador	/pɐ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	pagador	payer
/pe.ˈli.ɣɾo/	peligro	/pɨ.ˈɾi.ɡu/	perigo	danger
/ro.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	rogador	/ʁu.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	rogador	asker, supplicant
/se.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	segador	/sɨ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	segador	reaper, harvester
/ba.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	vagador	/vɐ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	vagador	wanderer (rare)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣa.ða/	alargada	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈga.dɐ/	alargada	lengthened ≠ widened
/en.tɾe.ˈɣaɾ/	entregar	/ẽ.tɾɨ.ˈgaɾ/	entregar	to hand over
/le.ˈɣum.bɾe/	legumbre	/lɨ.ˈgu.mɨ/	legume	pulse, legume
/a.laɾ.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	alargador	/ɐ.lɐɾ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	alargador	lengthener, extender
/pɾe.ɣun.ˈtaɾ/	preguntar	/pɨɾ.gũ.ˈtaɾ/	perguntar	to ask
/ˈfwe.ɣo/	fuego	/ˈfo.gu/	fogo	fire
/ˈxwe.ɣo/	juego	/ˈʒo.gu/	jogo	game
/ˈlwe.ɣo/	luego	/ˈlɔ.gu/	logo	soon, then
/ˈre.ɣla/	regla	/ˈʁɛ.gɾɐ/	regra	rule
/al.ˈɣu.no/	alguno	/aɫ.ˈgũ/	algum	some
/pa.ˈɣa.na/	pagana	/pɐ.ˈgɐ.nɐ/	pagana	pagan
/xi.ˈɣan.te/	gigante	/ʒi.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	gigante	giant
/le.ˈɣan.te/	legante	/lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	legante	binding (rare; modern uses ligante)
/ne.ˈɣan.te/	negante	/nɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	negante	denying
/pa.ˈɣan.te/	pagante	/pɐ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	pagante	paying, payer
/ro.ˈɣan.te/	rogante	/ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	rogante	asking, petitioner
/se.ˈɣun.da/	segunda	/sɨ.ˈgũ.dɐ/	segunda	second
/ba.ˈɣan.te/	vagante	/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	vagante	wandering, vagrant
/e.le.ˈɣan.te/	elegante	/i.lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	elegante	elegant
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.te/	alargante	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	alargante	lengthening ≠ widening
/al.ˈɣun/	algún	/aɫ.ˈgũ/	algum	some (apocopated)
/le.ˈɣan.do/	legando	/lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	legando	binding (gerund; archaic)
/ne.ˈɣan.do/	negando	/nɨ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	negando	denying (gerund)
/pa.ˈɣan.do/	pagando	/pɐ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	pagando	paying (gerund)
/ro.ˈɣan.do/	rogando	/ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.du/	rogando	asking, begging (gerund)
/se.ˈɣan.do/	segando	/sɨ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	segando	mowing, harvesting (gerund)
/ba.ˈɣan.do/	vagando	/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	vagando	wandering (gerund)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.do/	alargando	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	alargando	lengthening (gerund)
/a.ˈɣa/	agá	/ɐ.ˈga/	agá	agá
/ˈda.ɣa/	daga	/ˈda.gɐ/	daga	dagger
/ˈbuɾ.ɣo/	burgo	/ˈbuɾ.gu/	burgo	town (archaic, retained in placenames)
/a.ˈðaɾ.ɣa/	adarga	/ɐ.ˈdaɾ.gɐ/	adarga	small leather shield (archaic / Moorish)
/ˈtɾe.ɣwa/	tregua	/ˈtɾɛ.gwɐ/	trégua	truce
/al.ɣo.ˈðon/	algodón	/aɫ.gu.ˈdɐ̃w/	algodão	cotton
/ˈfu.ɣu/	fugu	/ˈfu.gu/	fugu	fugu, pufferfish
/i.ˈɣlu/	iglú	/i.ˈglu/	iglu	igloo
/ˈra.ɣa/	raga	/ˈʁa.gɐ/	raga	raga
/ˈsa.ɣo/	sago	/ˈsa.gu/	sago	sago, palm starch
/sa.ˈɣu/	sagu	/sɐ.ˈgu/	sagu	sagú, palm starch
/ˈʝu.ɣa/	yuga	/ˈju.gɐ/	yuga	yuga, cosmic age
/eɣ.ˈʝo/	aegyo	/ɨg.ˈjo/	aegyo	aegyo
/ˈxa.ɣat/	jagat	/ʒɐ.ˈgat/	jagat	jagat, the world
/ˈla.ɣeɾ/	lager	/ˈla.gɨɾ/	lager	lager, bottom-fermented beer
/o.ˈa.ɣi/	ohagi	/u.ˈa.gi/	ohagi	ohagi, sweet rice ball
/ʝo.ˈɣuɾ/	yogur	/jɔ.ˈguɾ.tɨ/	iogurte	yogurt
/i.ˈɣwa.na/	iguana	/i.ˈgwa.nɐ/	iguana	iguana
/i.ki.ˈɣa.i/	ikigai	/i.ki.ˈga.i/	ikigai	ikigai, "reason for being"
/xa.ˈɣwaɾ/	jaguar	/ʒɐ.ˈgwaɾ/	jaguar	jaguar
/ˈtʃi.ɣe/	jjigae	/ˈʃi.gɨ/	jjigae	jjigae, Korean stew
/ni.ˈɣi.ɾi/	nigiri	/ni.ˈgi.ɾi/	nigiri	nigiri, hand-pressed sushi
/ˈra.ku.ɣo/	rakugo	/ˈʁa.ku.gu/	rakugo	rakugo, comic storytelling
/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/	bulgogi	/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/	bulgogi	bulgogi, grilled beef
/ka.ˈɾa.a.ɣe/	karaage	/kɐ.ˈɾa.ɐ.gɨ/	karaage	karaage
/o.ni.ˈɣi.ɾi/	onigiri	/u.ni.ˈgi.ɾi/	onigiri	onigiri
/o.ɾi.ˈɣa.mi/	origami	/u.ɾi.ˈga.mi/	origami	origami
/wa.ˈɣa.ʃi/	wagashi	/wɐ.ˈga.ʃi/	wagashi	wagashi
/ka.ˈki.ɣo.ɾi/	kakigori	/kɐ.ˈki.gu.ɾi/	kakigori	kakigori, shaved ice
/ˈsa.ɣo/	sago	/sɐ.ˈgu/	sagu	sago, palm starch
/sa.ˈɣu/	sagu	/ˈsa.gu/	sago	sagú, palm starch
/ˈʝo.ɣa/	yoga	/ˈjɔ.gɐ/	ioga	yoga
/ˈʃo.ɣi/	shogi	/ˈʃɔ.gi/	shogi	shogi, Japanese chess
/tʃi.ˈɣoŋ/	qigong	/tʃi.ˈgõ/	qigong	qigong
/ʃo.ˈɣun/	shogun	/ʃu.ˈgũ/	xogum	shogun, military dictator
/pje.ˈɾo.ɣi/	pierogi	/pjɨ.ˈɾɔ.gi/	pierogi	pierogi

→ /g/⟨g⟩ · 9

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.ˈma.gɾe/	almagre	/aɫ.ˈma.gɾɨ/	almagre	red ochre
/ˈduɾ.ga/	durga	/ˈduɾ.gɐ/	durga	Durga, Hindu goddess
/ˈwag.ʝu/	wagyu	/ˈwag.ju/	wagyu	wagyu
/po.ˈgɾom/	pogrom	/pu.ˈgɾo.mu/	pogromo	pogrom, organized massacre
/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/	bulgogi	/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/	bulgogi	bulgogi, grilled beef
/po.ˈgɾo.mo/	pogromo	/pu.ˈgɾo.mu/	pogromo	pogromo
/tʃa.ˈɾan.go/	charango	/ʃa.ˈɾan.gu/	charango	charango
/baj.ˈɾag.ʝa/	vairagya	/vɐj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/	vairagya	vairagya, dispassion
/wi.ˈgwam/	wigwam	/wi.ˈgwɐ̃/	wigwam	wigwam

→ /∅⟨h⟩/⟨h⟩ · 1

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈo.ɾa/	ahora	/ɐ.ˈgɔ.ɾɐ/	agora	now

→ /k/⟨c⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/se.ˈkɾe.to/	secreto	/sɨ.ˈgɾe.du/	segredo	secret