Website tail: below-threshold correspondences (n ≥ 5)

267 cognate pairs

/∅/ → /ɨ/45 pairs

→ /ɨ/ · 45

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈβað/	abad	/ɐ.ˈba.dɨ/	abade	abbot
/a.ˈðo.βe/	adobe	/ɐ.ˈdo.bɨ/	adobe	adobe brick
/al.βa.ˈʝal.de/	albayalde	/aɫ.vɐj.ˈa.dɨ/	alvaiade	white lead pigment (archaic)
/al.ma.ˈna.ke/	almanaque	/aɫ.mɐ.ˈna.kɨ/	almanaque	almanac, calendar
/a.no.ˈɾak/	anorak	/ɐ.nu.ˈɾa.kɨ/	anoraque	anorak
/a.ˈkel/	aquel	/ɐ.ˈke.lɨ/	aquele	that one (yonder, m.)
/a.ra.ˈβal/	arrabal	/ɐ.ʁɐ.ˈbaɫ.dɨ/	arrabalde	suburb
/a.ta.ˈuð/	ataúd	/ɐ.tɐ.ˈu.dɨ/	ataúde	coffin
/bon.ˈdað/	bondad	/bõ.ˈda.dɨ/	bondade	goodness
/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/	brevedad	/bɾɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	brevidade	brevity
/ka.ɾi.ˈðað/	caridad	/kɐ.ɾi.ˈda.dɨ/	caridade	charity
/θju.ˈðað/	ciudad	/si.ˈda.dɨ/	cidade	city
/deɾ.ˈbi.tʃe/	derviche	/dɨɾ.ˈvi.ʃɨ/	derviche	derviche
/e.ˈðað/	edad	/i.ˈda.dɨ/	idade	age
/fe.ˈβɾe.ɾo/	febrero	/fɨ.vɨ.ˈɾej.ɾu/	fevereiro	February
/gɾa.βe.ˈðað/	gravedad	/gɾɐ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	gravidade	gravity, seriousness
/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	/gu.ˈla.ʃɨ/	gulache	gulash
/a.ˈtʃis/	hachís	/ɐ.ˈʃi.ʃɨ/	haxixe	hachís
/a.ˈðiθ/	hadiz	/ɐ.ˈdi.tʃɨ/	hadite	hadiz
/oθ/	hoz	/ˈfoj.sɨ/	foice	sickle
/u.ma.ni.ˈðað/	humanidad	/u.mɐ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/	humanidade	humanity
/in.sa.ni.ˈðað/	insanidad	/ĩ.sɐ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/	insanidade	insanity
/ˈka.ʝak/	kayak	/kɐj.ˈa.kɨ/	caiaque	kayak
/ke.ˈβab/	kebab	/kɛ.ˈba.bɨ/	kebab	kebab
/ˈke.tʃup/	kétchup	/ˈkɛ.tʃɐ.pɨ/	ketchup	ketchup
/le.βe.ˈðað/	levedad	/lɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	levidade	lightness, levity
/li.βeɾ.ˈtað/	libertad	/li.bɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/	liberdade	liberty
/pa.ˈɾeð/	pared	/pɐ.ˈɾe.dɨ/	parede	wall
/pjel/	piel	/ˈpɛ.lɨ/	pele	skin
/po.tes.ˈtað/	potestad	/pu.tɨʃ.ˈta.dɨ/	potestade	power, authority
/reð/	red	/ˈʁe.dɨ/	rede	net, network
/sa.ˈluð/	salud	/sɐ.ˈu.dɨ/	saúde	health
/sa.ni.ˈðað/	sanidad	/sɐ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/	sanidade	health, sanitation
/seð/	sed	/ˈse.dɨ/	sede	thirst
/se.ɾe.ni.ˈðað/	serenidad	/sɨ.ɾɨ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/	serenidade	serenity
/tem.pes.ˈtað/	tempestad	/tẽ.pɨʃ.ˈta.dɨ/	tempestade	storm, tempest
/tos/	tos	/ˈtɔ.sɨ/	tosse	cough
/ba.ni.ˈðað/	vanidad	/vɐ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/	vanidade	vanity
/beɾ.ˈðað/	verdad	/vɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/	verdade	truth
/bið/	vid	/ˈvi.dɨ/	vide	vine
/biɾ.ˈtuð/	virtud	/viɾ.ˈtu.dɨ/	virtude	virtue
/bo.lun.ˈtað/	voluntad	/võ.ˈta.dɨ/	vontade	will
/ʝo.ˈɣuɾ/	yogur	/jɔ.ˈguɾ.tɨ/	iogurte	yogurt
/ˈaɾ.βol/	árbol	/ˈaɾ.vu.ɾɨ/	árvore	tree
/el/	él	/ˈe.lɨ/	ele	he

/x/ → /ʒ/26 pairs

source

→ /ʒ/ · 26

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.ˈfaŋ.xe/	alfanje	/aɫ.ˈfɐ̃.ʒɨ/	alfange	scimitar, broadsword (archaic)
/al.ˈxa.βa/	aljaba	/aɫ.ˈʒa.vɐ/	aljava	quiver
/ˈba.xi/	bhaji	/ˈba.ʒi/	bhaji	bhaji, vegetable fritter
/e.ˈmo.xi/	emoji	/i.ˈmɔ.ʒi/	emoji	emoji
/i.ˈma.xen/	imagen	/i.ˈma.ʒɐ̃j/	imagem	image
/xa.ˈeθ/	jaez	/ʒɐ.ˈeʒ/	jaez	harness, manner, sort
/ˈxa.ɣat/	jagat	/ʒɐ.ˈgat/	jagat	jagat, the world
/xa.ˈɣwaɾ/	jaguar	/ʒɐ.ˈgwaɾ/	jaguar	jaguar
/xa.ˈle.βi/	jalebi	/ʒɐ.ˈle.bi/	jalebi	jalebi, fried sweet
/ˈxa.pa/	japa	/ˈʒa.pɐ/	japa	japa, mantra recitation
/ˈxap.tʃe/	japchae	/ʒɐp.ˈʃe/	japchae	japchae, Korean glass noodles
/ˈxa.ra/	jarra	/ˈʒa.ʁɐ/	jarra	jar, pitcher
/ˈxna.na/	jnana	/ˈʒna.nɐ/	jnana	jnana, knowledge
/ˈkaŋ.xi/	kanji	/ˈkɐ̃.ʒi/	kanji	kanji
/ma.a.ɾa.ˈxa/	maharajá	/mɐ.ɐ.ɾɐ.ˈʒa/	maharajá	maharaja, Indian prince
/ma.a.ɾa.ˈxa/	maharajá	/mɐ.ɾɐ.ˈʒa/	marajá	maharaja, Indian prince
/ˈmaɾ.xen/	margen	/ˈmaɾ.ʒɐ̃j/	margem	margin, edge
/ˈniŋ.xa/	ninja	/ˈnin.ʒɐ/	ninja	ninja
/o.ˈɾi.xen/	origen	/ɔ.ˈɾi.ʒɐ̃j/	origem	origin
/paj.ˈsa.xe/	paisaje	/pɐj.ˈza.ʒɐ̃j/	paisagem	landscape
/pi.ˈxa.ma/	pijama	/pi.ˈʒa.mɐ/	pijama	pyjamas
/ra.ˈxa/	rajá	/ʁɐ.ˈʒa/	rajá	rajah
/ˈʃo.xi/	shoji	/ˈʃo.ʒi/	shoji	shoji
/ˈbja.xe/	viaje	/vi.ˈa.ʒɐ̃j/	viagem	journey, trip
/ˈbiɾ.xen/	virgen	/ˈviɾ.ʒɐ̃j/	virgem	virgin
/ˈaŋ.xel/	ángel	/ˈɐ̃.ʒu/	anjo	angel

/∅/ → /∅⟨n⟩/14 pairs

→ /∅⟨n⟩/ · 14

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈdaŋ.go/	dango	/ˈdɐ̃.gu/	dango	dango, rice dumpling
/ˈgo.an/	gohan	/ˈgo.ɐ̃/	gohan	gohan, cooked rice
/ˈman.dʒu/	manju	/ˈmɐ̃.ʒu/	manju	manju, steamed sweet bun
/ˈmuk.ban/	mukbang	/ˈmuk.bɐ̃/	mukbang	mukbang, eating broadcast
/nan/	naan	/nɐ̃/	naan	naan, Indian flatbread
/no.ˈɾe.βan/	noraebang	/nu.ˈɾe.bɐ̃/	noraebang	noraebang, karaoke room
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/u.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/u.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra
/o.ɾaŋ.gu.ˈtan/	orangután	/u.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan
/o.ɾaŋ.gu.ˈtan/	orangután	/u.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan
/ˈpaŋ.ko/	panko	/ˈpɐ̃.ku/	panko	panko, breadcrumbs
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutan	rambután, tropical fruit
/tan.ˈduɾ/	tandoor	/tɐ̃.ˈduɾ/	tandoor	tandoor, clay oven
/ˈʝo.kan/	yokan	/ˈjo.kɐ̃/	yokan	yokan, jelly bar

/∅/ → /u/12 pairs

→ /u/ · 12

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.mo.ˈa.θa/	almohaza	/aɫ.mu.ˈfa.sɐ/	almofaça	currycomb
/θjen/	cien	/ˈsẽ.tu/	cento	one hundred (apocopated)
/dajm.ˈʝo/	daimyo	/dɐj.ˈmi.u/	daimio	daimyo, feudal lord
/goŋ/	gong	/ˈgõ.gu/	gongo	gong, struck percussion
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/u.ɾɐ̃.gu.ˈtɐ̃.gu/	orangotango	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra
/o.ɾaŋ.gu.ˈtan/	orangután	/u.ɾɐ̃.gu.ˈtɐ̃.gu/	orangotango	orangutan
/po.ˈgɾom/	pogrom	/pu.ˈgɾo.mu/	pogromo	pogrom, organized massacre
/ˈsi.glo/	siglo	/ˈsɛ.ku.lu/	século	century
/tan/	tan	/ˈtɐ̃.tu/	tanto	so, so much (apocopated)
/tu.ˈkan/	tucán	/tu.kɐ.ˈnu/	tucano	toucan
/ˈu.na/	una	/ˈu.mɐ/	uma	one (f.)
/ˈaŋ.xel/	ángel	/ˈɐ̃.ʒu/	anjo	angel

/on/ → /ɐ̃w/11 pairs

source

→ /ɐ̃w/ · 11

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.ɣo.ˈðon/	algodón	/aɫ.gu.ˈdɐ̃w/	algodão	cotton
/ba.ˈɾon/	barón	/bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	barão	baron
/kaɾ.ˈβon/	carbón	/kɐɾ.ˈvɐ̃w/	carvão	coal
/ko.ɾa.ˈθon/	corazón	/ku.ɾɐ.ˈsɐ̃w/	coração	heart
/la.ˈðɾon/	ladrón	/lɐ.ˈdɾɐ̃w/	ladrão	thief
/li.ˈmon/	limón	/li.ˈmɐ̃w/	limão	lemon
/mon.ˈton/	montón	/mõ.ˈtɐ̃w/	montão	heap, pile
/ra.ˈθon/	razón	/ʁɐ.ˈzɐ̃w/	razão	reason
/sa.ˈθon/	sazón	/sɐ.ˈzɐ̃w/	sazão	season, ripeness
/ti.βu.ˈɾon/	tiburón	/tu.bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	tubarão	shark
/ba.ˈɾon/	varón	/bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	barão	male, man

/wa/ → /wɐ/11 pairs

source

→ /wɐ/ · 11

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈfat.wa/	fatua	/ˈfa.twɐ/	fátua	fatua
/gwaɾ.ˈða.ða/	guardada	/gwɐɾ.ˈda.dɐ/	guardada	guarded, kept (f.)
/gwaɾ.ˈða.ðo/	guardado	/gwɐɾ.ˈda.du/	guardado	guarded, kept
/gwaɾ.ða.ˈðoɾ/	guardador	/gwɐɾ.dɐ.ˈdoɾ/	guardador	guardian, keeper
/gwaɾ.ˈðan.do/	guardando	/gwɐɾ.ˈdɐ̃.du/	guardando	guarding (gerund)
/gwaɾ.ˈðan.te/	guardante	/gwɐɾ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	guardante	guarding
/gwaɾ.ˈðaɾ/	guardar	/gwɐɾ.ˈdaɾ/	guardar	to keep, save, guard
/ˈleŋ.gwa/	lengua	/ˈlĩ.gwɐ/	língua	tongue, language
/ˈtɾe.ɣwa/	tregua	/ˈtɾɛ.gwɐ/	trégua	truce
/wa.ˈɣa.ʃi/	wagashi	/wɐ.ˈga.ʃi/	wagashi	wagashi
/wa.ˈka.me/	wakame	/wɐ.ˈka.mɨ/	wakame	wakame, edible seaweed

/jo/ → /ju/10 pairs

source

→ /ju/ · 10

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kal.ˈka.ɾjo/	calcario	/kaɫ.ˈka.ɾju/	calcário	chalky, calcareous
/mo.ne.ˈta.ɾjo/	monetario	/mu.nɨ.ˈta.ɾju/	monetário	monetary
/no.ˈta.ɾjo/	notario	/nu.ˈta.ɾju/	notário	notary
/pa.ˈla.θjo/	palacio	/pɐ.ˈla.sju/	palácio	palace
/plan.ˈta.ɾjo/	plantario	/plɐ̃.ˈta.ɾju/	plantário	plantar ≠ plantation
/pɾi.ˈma.ɾjo/	primario	/pɾi.ˈma.ɾju/	primario	primary, foremost
/pɾin.ˈθi.pjo/	principio	/pɾĩ.ˈsi.pju/	princípio	beginning
/ro.ˈsa.ɾjo/	rosario	/ʁu.ˈza.ɾju/	rosário	rosary
/sa.ˈkɾa.ɾjo/	sacrario	/sɐ.ˈkɾa.ɾju/	sacrário	sanctuary
/so.ˈla.ɾjo/	solario	/su.ˈla.ɾju/	solário	solarium

/e/ → /i/10 pairs

source

→ /i/ · 10

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/e.ˈðað/	edad	/i.ˈda.dɨ/	idade	age
/e.ða.ˈma.me/	edamame	/i.dɐ.ˈma.mɨ/	edamame	edamame
/e.ði.ˈθjon/	edición	/i.di.ˈsɐ̃w/	edição	edition
/e.le.ˈɣan.te/	elegante	/i.lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	elegante	elegant
/e.lik.ˈsiɾ/	elixir	/i.li.ˈʃiɾ/	elixir	elixir
/e.ˈmiɾ/	emir	/i.ˈmiɾ/	emir	emir
/e.mo.ˈθjon/	emoción	/i.mu.ˈsɐ̃w/	emoção	emotion
/e.ˈmo.xi/	emoji	/i.ˈmɔ.ʒi/	emoji	emoji
/eɾ.ˈma.na/	hermana	/iɾ.ˈmɐ̃/	irmã	sister
/eɾ.ˈma.no/	hermano	/iɾ.ˈmɐ̃w/	irmão	brother

/ʝa/ → /jɐ/9 pairs

source

→ /jɐ/ · 9

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈajk.ʝa/	aikya	/ˈaj.kjɐ/	aikya	aikya, unity
/ˈpun.ʝa/	punya	/ˈpu.njɐ/	punya	punya, spiritual merit
/ˈsaŋk.ʝa/	sankhya	/ˈsɐ̃.kjɐ/	sankhya	Samkhya, Hindu philosophical school
/ˈsat.ʝa/	satya	/ˈsa.tjɐ/	satya	satya, Hindu truth
/ˈsuɾ.ʝa/	surya	/ˈsu.ɾjɐ/	surya	Surya, Hindu sun god
/baj.ˈɾag.ʝa/	vairagya	/vɐj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/	vairagya	vairagya, dispassion
/ˈbid.ʝa/	vidya	/ˈvi.djɐ/	vidya	vidya, knowledge
/ʝa.ˈma.to/	yamato	/jɐ.ˈma.tu/	yamato	Yamato, ancient name for Japan
/ʝa.ˈtaj/	yatai	/jɐ.ˈtaj/	yatai	yatai, food cart

/ja/ → /jɐ/9 pairs

source

→ /jɐ/ · 9

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.ˈki.mja/	alquimia	/aɫ.ˈki.mjɐ/	alquimia	alchemy
/ˈglo.ɾja/	gloria	/ˈglɔ.ɾjɐ/	glória	glory
/is.ˈto.ɾja/	historia	/iʃ.ˈtɔ.ɾjɐ/	história	story
/me.ˈðja.na/	mediana	/mɨ.ˈdjɐ.nɐ/	mediana	median, average
/me.ˈðja.no/	mediano	/mɨ.ˈdjɐ.nu/	mediano	medium, median
/me.ˈðjan.te/	mediante	/mɨ.ˈdjɐn.tɨ/	mediante	by means of
/me.ˈmo.ɾja/	memoria	/mɨ.ˈmɔ.ɾjɐ/	memória	memory
/ˈmo.mja/	momia	/ˈmu.mjɐ/	múmia	mummy
/ˈpa.tɾja/	patria	/ˈpa.tɾjɐ/	pátria	fatherland

/∅/ → /v/9 pairs

→ /v/ · 9

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/lo.ˈa.ða/	loada	/low.ˈva.dɐ/	louvada	praised (f.)
/lo.ˈa.ðo/	loado	/low.ˈva.du/	louvado	praised
/lo.a.ˈðoɾ/	loador	/low.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	louvador	praiser
/lo.ˈan.do/	loando	/low.ˈvɐ̃.du/	louvando	praising (gerund)
/lo.ˈan.te/	loante	/low.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	louvante	praising
/lo.ˈaɾ/	loar	/low.ˈvaɾ/	louvar	to praise
/o.ˈi.ða/	oída	/ow.ˈvi.dɐ/	ouvida	heard (f.)
/o.ˈi.ðo/	oído	/ow.ˈvi.du/	ouvido	heard, ear
/o.ˈiɾ/	oír	/ow.ˈviɾ/	ouvir	to hear

/s/ → /ʒ/8 pairs

source

→ /ʒ/ · 8

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈas.na/	asna	/ˈaʒ.nɐ/	asna	female donkey
/ˈas.no/	asno	/ˈaʒ.nu/	asno	donkey
/ˈdes.de/	desde	/ˈdeʒ.dɨ/	desde	from, since
/glas.ˈnost/	glasnost	/glɐʒ.ˈnoʃt/	glasnost	glasnost
/kis.ˈmet/	kismet	/kiʒ.ˈmɛt/	kismet	kismet, destiny
/ˈmis.mo/	mismo	/ˈmeʒ.mu/	mesmo	same
/sa.ɾas.ˈba.ti/	saraswati	/sɐ.ɾɐʒ.ˈva.ti/	saraswati	Saraswati, Hindu goddess
/ˈsβa.a/	svaha	/ˈʒva.ɐ/	svaha	svaha, ritual mantra ending

/en/ → /ɐ̃j/8 pairs

source

→ /ɐ̃j/ · 8

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/en/	en	/ɐ̃j/	em	in
/a.ˈɾen/	haren	/ɐ.ˈɾɐ̃j/	harém	harén, women's quarters
/a.ˈɾen/	harén	/ɐ.ˈɾɐ̃j/	harém	harem, women's quarters
/i.ˈma.xen/	imagen	/i.ˈma.ʒɐ̃j/	imagem	image
/ˈxo.βen/	joven	/ˈʒɔ.vɐ̃j/	jovem	young person
/ˈmaɾ.xen/	margen	/ˈmaɾ.ʒɐ̃j/	margem	margin, edge
/o.ˈɾi.xen/	origen	/ɔ.ˈɾi.ʒɐ̃j/	origem	origin
/ˈbiɾ.xen/	virgen	/ˈviɾ.ʒɐ̃j/	virgem	virgin

/∅⟨g⟩/ → /∅/8 pairs

source

→ /∅/ · 8

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/feŋ.ˈʃwi/	feng-shui	/fẽ.ˈʃwi/	feng-shui	feng shui
/feŋ.ˈʃwi/	feng-shui	/fẽʃ.ˈwaj/	fengshui	feng shui
/goŋ/	gong	/ˈgõ.gu/	gongo	gong, struck percussion
/goŋ.ˈfu/	gongfu	/kuŋ.ˈfu/	kung-fu	kung fu
/kuŋ.ˈfu/	kung-fu	/kuŋ.ˈfu/	kung-fu	kung-fu
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/u.ɾɐ̃.gu.ˈtɐ̃.gu/	orangotango	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/u.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra
/ʝaŋ/	yang	/jɐ̃/	yang	yang

/e/ → /ɨ/7 pairs

source

→ /ɨ/ · 7

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/eɣ.ˈʝo/	aegyo	/ɨg.ˈjo/	aegyo	aegyo
/eɾ.ˈβo.sa/	herbosa	/ɨɾ.ˈbɔ.zɐ/	herbosa	grassy
/eɾ.ˈβo.so/	herboso	/ɨɾ.ˈbo.zu/	herboso	grassy
/e.ˈɾi.ða/	herida	/fɨ.ˈɾi.dɐ/	ferida	wounded (f.), wound
/e.ˈɾi.ðo/	herido	/fɨ.ˈɾi.du/	ferido	wounded
/e.ˈɾiɾ/	herir	/fɨ.ˈɾiɾ/	ferir	to wound
/eɾ.ˈβiɾ/	hervir	/fɨɾ.ˈveɾ/	ferver	to boil

/i/ → /ɛ/7 pairs

source

→ /ɛ/ · 7

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ma.ˈɾi.ʎa/	amarilla	/ɐ.mɐ.ˈɾɛ.lɐ/	amarela	yellow (f.)
/a.ma.ˈɾi.ʎo/	amarillo	/ɐ.mɐ.ˈɾɛ.lu/	amarelo	yellow
/kas.ˈti.ʎo/	castillo	/kɐʃ.ˈtɛ.lu/	castelo	castle
/ˈθi.fɾa/	cifra	/ˈzɛ.ɾu/	zero	cipher, digit
/ˈmiɾ.lo/	mirlo	/ˈmɛɫ.ʁu/	melro	blackbird
/ˈsi.glo/	siglo	/ˈsɛ.ku.lu/	século	century
/ˈsi.ʎa/	silla	/ˈsɛ.lɐ/	sela	chair ≠ saddle

/aj/ → /ɐj/7 pairs

source

→ /ɐj/ · 7

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/baj.la.ˈɾi.na/	bailarina	/bɐj.lɐ.ˈɾi.nɐ/	bailarina	dancer (f.)
/dajm.ˈʝo/	daimyo	/dɐj.ˈmi.u/	daimio	daimyo, feudal lord
/maj.ˈoɾ/	mayor	/mɐj.ˈɔɾ/	maior	greater, older, major
/paj.ˈsa.xe/	paisaje	/pɐj.ˈza.ʒɐ̃j/	paisagem	landscape
/paj.ˈsa.no/	paisano	/pɐj.ˈzɐ.nu/	paisano	fellow countryman, civilian
/tɾaj.ˈθjon/	traición	/tɾɐj.ˈsɐ̃w/	traição	betrayal, treason
/tɾaj.ˈðoɾ/	traidor	/tɾɐj.ˈdoɾ/	traidor	traitor

/mbɾ/ → /m/6 pairs

source

→ /m/ · 6

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈlam.bɾe/	alambre	/ɐ.ˈɾɐ.mɨ/	arame	wire
/es.ˈtam.bɾe/	estambre	/iʃ.ˈtɐ.mɨ/	estame	worsted yarn, stamen
/ˈam.bɾe/	hambre	/ˈfɔ.mɨ/	fome	hunger
/le.ˈɣum.bɾe/	legumbre	/lɨ.ˈgu.mɨ/	legume	pulse, legume
/ˈmim.bɾe/	mimbre	/ˈvi.mɨ/	vime	osier, wicker
/ˈnom.bɾe/	nombre	/ˈnɔ.mɨ/	nome	name

/∅/ → /ɐ/6 pairs

→ /ɐ/ · 6

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ka.tʃe.ˈmiɾ/	cachemir	/kɐ.ʃɨ.ˈmi.ɾɐ/	caxemira	cachemir
/kɾin/	crin	/ˈkɾi.nɐ/	crina	mane
/ˈli.tʃi/	lichi	/ˈli.ʃi.ɐ/	lichia	lichi
/tɾaj.ˈθjon/	traición	/tɾɐ.di.ˈsɐ̃w/	tradição	betrayal ≠ tradition
/bals/	vals	/ˈvaɫ.sɐ/	valsa	waltz
/θa.ˈfi.ɾo/	zafiro	/sɐ.ˈfi.ɾɐ/	safira	sapphire

/ɾ/ → /∅/6 pairs

source

→ /∅/ · 6

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kla.ˈmaɾ/	clamar	/ʃɐ.ˈmaɾ/	chamar	to clamor, cry out (literary/formal)
/ko.ko.ˈðɾi.lo/	cocodrilo	/kɾu.ku.ˈdi.lu/	crocodilo	crocodile
/e.ˈroɾ/	error	/ˈe.ʁu/	erro	error, mistake
/no.ˈso.tɾos/	nosotros	/nɔʃ/	nós	we (1pl)
/ˈsaŋ.gɾe/	sangre	/ˈsɐ̃.gɨ/	sangue	blood
/bo.ˈso.tɾos/	vosotros	/vɔʃ/	vós	you (2pl)

/i/ → /e/6 pairs

source

→ /e/ · 6

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/de.ˈθiɾ/	decir	/dɨ.ˈzeɾ/	dizer	to say, tell
/es.kɾi.ˈβiɾ/	escribir	/iʃ.kɾɨ.ˈveɾ/	escrever	to write
/eɾ.ˈβiɾ/	hervir	/fɨɾ.ˈveɾ/	ferver	to boil
/ˈmis.mo/	mismo	/ˈmeʒ.mu/	mesmo	same
/mo.ˈɾiɾ/	morir	/mu.ˈʁeɾ/	morrer	to die
/bi.ˈβiɾ/	vivir	/vi.ˈveɾ/	viver	to live

/i/ → /ɨ/6 pairs

source

→ /ɨ/ · 6

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/di.ˈθjem.bɾe/	diciembre	/dɨ.ˈzẽ.bɾu/	dezembro	December
/es.kɾi.ˈβiɾ/	escribir	/iʃ.kɾɨ.ˈveɾ/	escrever	to write
/si/	si	/sɨ/	se	if
/ˈsi.no/	sino	/sɨ.ˈnɐ̃w/	senão	but, except
/ta.ˈi.ni/	tahini	/tɐ.ˈi.nɨ/	tahine	tahini
/ta.ˈta.mi/	tatami	/tɐ.ˈta.mɨ/	tatame	tatami

/∅/ → /∅⟨c⟩/6 pairs

→ /∅⟨c⟩/ · 6

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/es.ˈnaps/	esnaps	/ʃnapʃ/	schnaps	schnapps
/kitʃ/	kitsch	/kiʃ/	kitsch	kitsch
/ʃmalts/	schmaltz	/ʃmawts/	schmaltz	schmaltz
/esʃ.ni.ˈtsel/	schnitzel	/ˈʃni.tsɨl/	schnitzel	schnitzel
/tsaɾ/	tsar	/zaɾ/	czar	tsar, Russian emperor
/θaɾ/	zar	/zaɾ/	czar	zar (tsar)

/∅/ → /∅⟨z⟩/5 pairs

→ /∅⟨z⟩/ · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/blits/	blitz	/blits/	blitz	blitz
/ki.ˈβuts/	kibutz	/ki.ˈbuts/	kibutz	kibutz, Israeli collective
/mits.ˈba/	mitzvah	/mits.ˈva/	mitzvah	mitzvah, commandment
/ʃmalts/	schmaltz	/ʃmawts/	schmaltz	schmaltz
/esʃ.ni.ˈtsel/	schnitzel	/ˈʃni.tsɨl/	schnitzel	schnitzel

/ʝo/ → /jɔ/5 pairs

source

→ /jɔ/ · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈgʝo.θa/	gyoza	/ˈgjɔ.zɐ/	gyoza	gyoza, fried dumpling
/rʝo.ˈkan/	ryokan	/ʁjɔ.ˈkɐ̃/	ryokan	ryokan, traditional Japanese inn
/ˈʝo.ðel/	yodel	/ˈjɔ.dɨl/	yodel	yodel, Alpine vocal technique
/ˈʝo.ɣa/	yoga	/ˈjɔ.gɐ/	ioga	yoga
/ˈʝo.ɣi/	yogi	/ˈjɔ.ʒi/	yogi	yogui, yoga practitioner

/k/ → /∅/5 pairs

source

→ /∅/ · 5

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/lek.ˈθjon/	lección	/li.ˈsɐ̃w/	lição	lesson, lecture
/sek.ˈθjon/	sección	/sɨ.ˈsɐ̃w/	seção	section
/ˈseks.ta/	sexta	/ˈsɛjʃ.tɐ/	sexta	sixth (f.)
/ˈseks.to/	sexto	/ˈsɐjʃ.tu/	sexto	sixth
/ˈteks.to/	texto	/ˈtɛjʃ.tu/	texto	text

/ʎ/ → /ʃ/5 pairs

source

→ /ʃ/ · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ʎe.ˈɣa.ða/	llegada	/ʃɨ.ˈga.dɐ/	chegada	arrival, arrived (f.)
/ʎe.ˈɣa.ðo/	llegado	/ʃɨ.ˈga.du/	chegado	arrived (m. past participle)
/ʎe.ˈɣaɾ/	llegar	/ʃɨ.ˈgaɾ/	chegar	to arrive
/ˈʎe.na/	llena	/ˈʃej.ɐ/	cheia	full
/ˈʎe.no/	lleno	/ˈʃej.u/	cheio	full