L-and-jota

497 cognate pairs

/l/⟨l⟩ → /ɫ/145 pairs

source

→ /ɫ/⟨l⟩ · 125

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/mil/	mil	/miɫ/	mil	thousand
/sal/	sal	/saɫ/	sal	salt
/tal/	tal	/taɫ/	tal	such
/ˈal.βa/	alba	/ˈaɫ.vɐ/	alva	dawn
/ˈal.βo/	albo	/ˈaɫ.vu/	alvo	white (rare/poetic)
/ˈal.ɣo/	algo	/ˈaɫ.gu/	algo	something
/ˈal.ma/	alma	/ˈaɫ.mɐ/	alma	soul
/ˈal.ta/	alta	/ˈaɫ.tɐ/	alta	high
/kwal/	cual	/kwaɫ/	qual	which, what
/le.ˈal/	leal	/lɨ.ˈaɫ/	leal	loyal, faithful
/o.ˈɾal/	oral	/u.ˈɾaɫ/	oral	oral
/a.ˈβɾil/	abril	/ɐ.ˈbɾiɫ/	abril	April
/al.ˈtaɾ/	altar	/aɫ.ˈtaɾ/	altar	altar
/ˈkal.da/	calda	/ˈkaɫ.dɐ/	calda	hot, warm
/ˈkal.do/	caldo	/ˈkaɫ.du/	caldo	broth
/ˈkal.βa/	calva	/ˈkaɫ.vɐ/	calva	bald (f.)
/θi.ˈβil/	civil	/si.ˈviɫ/	civil	civil
/ˈkul.pa/	culpa	/ˈkuɫ.pɐ/	culpa	fault, guilt
/ˈkul.ta/	culta	/ˈkuɫ.tɐ/	culta	cultivated, educated
/ˈkul.to/	culto	/ˈkuɫ.tu/	culto	cult, worship
/ˈfal.sa/	falsa	/ˈfaɫ.sɐ/	falsa	false (f.)
/fa.ˈtal/	fatal	/fɐ.ˈtaɫ/	fatal	fatal
/ˈfa.θil/	fácil	/ˈfa.siɫ/	fácil	easy
/le.ˈɣal/	legal	/lɨ.ˈgaɫ/	legal	legal
/mo.ˈɾal/	moral	/mu.ˈɾaɫ/	moral	moral, ethical
/ˈmul.ta/	multa	/ˈmuɫ.tɐ/	multa	fine, penalty
/mu.ˈɾal/	mural	/mu.ˈɾaɫ/	mural	mural, wall
/na.ˈsal/	nasal	/nɐ.ˈzaɫ/	nasal	nasal
/na.ˈtal/	natal	/nɐ.ˈtaɫ/	natal	natal
/na.ˈβal/	naval	/nɐ.ˈvaɫ/	naval	naval
/ˈpal.ma/	palma	/ˈpaɫ.mɐ/	palma	palm
/ˈpul.so/	pulso	/ˈpuɫ.su/	pulso	pulse, wrist
/ˈsal.sa/	salsa	/ˈsaɫ.sɐ/	salsa	sauce ≠ parsley
/ˈsal.to/	salto	/ˈsaɫ.tu/	salto	leap, jump
/se.ˈɲal/	señal	/si.ˈnaɫ/	sinal	sign, signal
/to.ˈtal/	total	/tu.ˈtaɫ/	total	total
/bi.ˈtal/	vital	/vi.ˈtaɫ/	vital	vital
/bo.ˈkal/	vocal	/vu.ˈkaɫ/	vocal	vocal, vowel
/al.ˈpi.na/	alpina	/aɫ.ˈpi.nɐ/	alpina	alpine
/al.ˈtu.ɾa/	altura	/aɫ.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	altura	height
/a.ni.ˈmal/	animal	/ɐ.ni.ˈmaɫ/	animal	animal
/bɾu.ˈtal/	brutal	/bɾu.ˈtaɫ/	brutal	brutal
/kal.ˈkaɾ/	calcar	/kaɫ.ˈkaɾ/	calcar	to trace ≠ to tread
/kaɾ.ˈnal/	carnal	/kɐɾ.ˈnaɫ/	carnal	carnal
/den.ˈtal/	dental	/dẽ.ˈtaɫ/	dental	dental
/foɾ.ˈmal/	formal	/fuɾ.ˈmaɫ/	formal	formal
/fɾu.ˈɣal/	frugal	/fɾu.ˈgaɫ/	frugal	frugal
/xen.ˈtil/	gentil	/ʒẽ.ˈtiɫ/	gentil	gentle, noble
/moɾ.ˈtal/	mortal	/muɾ.ˈtaɫ/	mortal	mortal
/noɾ.ˈmal/	normal	/nuɾ.ˈmaɫ/	normal	normal
/o.to.ˈɲal/	otoñal	/ow.tu.ˈnaɫ/	outonal	autumnal
/plu.ˈɾal/	plural	/plu.ˈɾaɫ/	plural	plural
/sal.ˈtaɾ/	saltar	/saɫ.ˈtaɾ/	saltar	to jump
/sal.ˈβaɾ/	salvar	/saɫ.ˈvaɾ/	salvar	to save
/ˈal.xi.ða/	álgida	/ˈaɫ.ʒi.dɐ/	álgida	algid, peak (f.)
/kal.ˈka.ða/	calcada	/kaɫ.ˈka.dɐ/	calcada	trodden (f.)
/ka.pi.ˈtal/	capital	/kɐ.pi.ˈtaɫ/	capital	capital
/kul.ˈtu.ɾa/	cultura	/kuɫ.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	cultura	culture
/xe.ne.ˈɾal/	general	/ʒɨ.nɨ.ˈɾaɫ/	general	general (adjective/noun)
/na.tu.ˈɾal/	natural	/nɐ.tu.ˈɾaɫ/	natural	natural
/sal.ˈta.ða/	saltada	/saɫ.ˈta.dɐ/	saltada	jumped (f.)
/sal.ˈβa.ða/	salvada	/saɫ.ˈva.dɐ/	salvada	saved (f.)
/sol.ˈda.ðo/	soldado	/soɫ.ˈda.du/	soldado	soldier
/bol.ˈta.ða/	voltada	/voɫ.ˈta.dɐ/	voltada	turned, flipped (f.)
/kal.ˈka.ɾjo/	calcario	/kaɫ.ˈka.ɾju/	calcário	chalky, calcareous
/sal.ta.ˈðoɾ/	saltador	/saɫ.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/	saltador	jumper
/sal.βa.ˈðoɾ/	salvador	/saɫ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	salvador	savior
/bol.ta.ˈðoɾ/	voltador	/voɫ.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/	voltador	flipper, somersaulter
/sol/	sol	/sɔɫ/	sol	sun
/mjel/	miel	/mɛɫ/	mel	honey
/kɾwel/	cruel	/kɾu.ˈɛɫ/	cruel	cruel
/al.ˈɣu.no/	alguno	/aɫ.ˈgũ/	algum	some
/ˈswel.do/	sueldo	/ˈsoɫ.du/	soldo	salary
/sil.ˈβa.na/	silvana	/siɫ.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	silvana	sylvan
/kal.ˈkan.te/	calcante	/kaɫ.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	calcante	treading
/sal.ˈtan.te/	saltante	/saɫ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	saltante	jumping, prominent
/sal.ˈβan.te/	salvante	/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	salvante	saving
/al.ˈɣun/	algún	/aɫ.ˈgũ/	algum	some (apocopated)
/sal.ˈtan.do/	saltando	/saɫ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	saltando	jumping (gerund)
/sal.ˈβan.do/	salvando	/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	salvando	saving (gerund)
/bol.ˈtan.do/	voltando	/voɫ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	voltando	turning, flipping (gerund)
/gul/	gul	/guɫ/	gul	gul
/a.ˈθul/	azul	/ɐ.ˈzuɫ/	azul	blue
/a.ˈɲil/	añil	/ɐ.ˈniɫ/	anil	indigo, indigo plant
/ˈfal.da/	falda	/ˈfaɫ.dɐ/	falda	skirt, mountain slope
/a.ˈlal/	halal	/ɐ.ˈlaɫ/	halal	halal
/ˈtol.do/	toldo	/ˈtoɫ.du/	toldo	awning, canopy, tarp
/al.ˈda.βa/	aldaba	/aɫ.ˈdɾa.bɐ/	aldraba	door knocker, latch
/al.ˈxa.βa/	aljaba	/aɫ.ˈʒa.vɐ/	aljava	quiver
/al.ˈkaj.ðe/	alcaide	/aɫ.ˈkaj.dɨ/	alcaide	warden, governor, jailer
/al.ˈka.θaɾ/	alcázar	/aɫ.ˈka.sɨɾ/	alcácer	castle, palace
/al.ma.ˈði.a/	almadía	/aɫ.mɐ.ˈdi.ɐ/	almadia	raft, river-crossing float
/al.ˈma.gɾe/	almagre	/aɫ.ˈma.gɾɨ/	almagre	red ochre
/ˈal.xe.βɾa/	álgebra	/ˈaɫ.ʒɨ.bɾɐ/	álgebra	algebra
/al.βa.ˈa.ka/	albahaca	/aɫ.fɐ.ˈva.kɐ/	alfavaca	basil
/al.βoɾ.ˈnoθ/	albornoz	/aɫ.buɾ.ˈnoʃ/	albornoz	hooded cloak, bathrobe
/al.ˈmiθ.kle/	almizcle	/aɫ.ˈmiʃ.kɐɾ/	almíscar	musk
/al.mo.ˈa.ða/	almohada	/aɫ.mu.ˈfa.dɐ/	almofada	pillow
/al.mo.ˈa.θa/	almohaza	/aɫ.mu.ˈfa.sɐ/	almofaça	currycomb
/al.ˈki.mja/	alquimia	/aɫ.ˈki.mjɐ/	alquimia	alchemy
/al.ma.ˈna.ke/	almanaque	/aɫ.mɐ.ˈna.kɨ/	almanaque	almanac, calendar
/al.ˈβej.taɾ/	albéitar	/aɫ.ˈvej.tɐɾ/	alveitar	veterinarian (archaic; modern Spanish uses 'veterinario')
/al.fa.ˈʝa.te/	alfayate	/aɫ.fɐ.ˈja.tɨ/	alfaiate	tailor (archaic; modern Spanish uses 'sastre')
/al.βa.ˈʝal.de/	albayalde	/aɫ.vɐj.ˈa.dɨ/	alvaiade	white lead pigment (archaic)
/al.ˈde.a/	aldea	/aɫ.ˈdej.ɐ/	aldeia	village
/ˈjel.mo/	yelmo	/ˈɛɫ.mu/	elmo	helmet
/a.ˈðel.fa/	adelfa	/ɐ.ˈdɛɫ.fɐ/	adelfa	oleander
/al.ˈko.βa/	alcoba	/aɫ.ˈkɔ.vɐ/	alcova	alcove, bedroom
/sul.ˈtan/	sultán	/suɫ.ˈtɐ̃w/	sultão	sultán
/al.ko.ˈol/	alcohol	/ˈaɫ.kɔɫ/	álcool	alcohol
/al.ɣo.ˈðon/	algodón	/aɫ.gu.ˈdɐ̃w/	algodão	cotton
/al.βa.ˈko.ɾa/	albacora	/aɫ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɾɐ/	albacora	yellowfin tuna
/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/	algarroba	/aɫ.fɐ.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	alfarroba	carob
/al.ki.ˈtɾan/	alquitrán	/aɫ.kɐ.ˈtɾɐ̃w/	alcatrão	tar
/al.ˈfaŋ.xe/	alfanje	/aɫ.ˈfɐ̃.ʒɨ/	alfange	scimitar, broadsword (archaic)
/bals/	vals	/ˈvaɫ.sɐ/	valsa	waltz
/ˈdol.ma/	dolma	/ˈdoɫ.mɐ/	dolma	dolma
/ˈal.βa/	halva	/ˈaɫ.vɐ/	halva	halva
/ˈkal.pa/	kalpa	/ˈkaɫ.pɐ/	calpa	kalpa
/al.ˈpa.ka/	alpaca	/aɫ.ˈpa.kɐ/	alpaca	alpaca
/ˈsam.bal/	sambal	/sɐ̃.ˈbaɫ/	sambal	sambal, chili paste
/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/	bulgogi	/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/	bulgogi	bulgogi, grilled beef
/es.tɾu.ˈðel/	strudel	/iʃ.tɾu.ˈdɛɫ/	strudel	strudel
/ˈpol.ka/	polca	/ˈpɔɫ.kɐ/	polca	polca
/ˈaŋ.gul/	hangul	/ˈɐ̃.guɫ/	hangul	hangul

→ /l/⟨l⟩ · 9

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/el/	él	/ˈe.lɨ/	ele	he
/pjel/	piel	/ˈpɛ.lɨ/	pele	skin
/a.ˈkel/	aquel	/ɐ.ˈke.lɨ/	aquele	that one (yonder, m.)
/meθ.ˈkal/	mezcal	/mɨʃ.ˈkal/	mezcal	mezcal
/ˈtʃe.βol/	chaebol	/ˈʃe.bɔl/	chaebol	chaebol, Korean conglomerate
/esʃ.ni.ˈtsel/	schnitzel	/ˈʃni.tsɨl/	schnitzel	schnitzel
/ˈon.dol/	ondol	/ˈõ.dul/	ondol	ondol, underfloor heating
/ˈʝo.ðel/	yodel	/ˈjɔ.dɨl/	yodel	yodel, Alpine vocal technique
/ʃtetl/	shtetl	/ʃtɛtl/	shtetl	shtetl, Jewish small town

→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 4

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈdul.θe/	dulce	/ˈdɔ.sɨ/	doce	sweet
/ˈaŋ.xel/	ángel	/ˈɐ̃.ʒu/	anjo	angel
/kin.ˈtal/	quintal	/kĩ.ˈtaɫ/	quintal	quintal
/al.ˈkal.de/	alcalde	/kɐ.ˈdi/	cadi	mayor ≠ cadi

→ /∅⟨l⟩/⟨l⟩ · 4

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kal.ka.ˈðoɾ/	calcador	/kɐw.kɐ.ˈdoɾ/	calcador	tracer ≠ treader
/kal.ˈkan.do/	calcando	/kɐw.ˈkɐ̃.du/	calcando	tracing, copying (gerund)
/fa.ˈla.fel/	falafel	/fɐ.ˈla.fɛw/	falafel	falafel
/ʃmalts/	schmaltz	/ʃmawts/	schmaltz	schmaltz

→ /ɫd/⟨ld⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ra.ˈβal/	arrabal	/ɐ.ʁɐ.ˈbaɫ.dɨ/	arrabalde	suburb

→ /ɫ/⟨el⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/es.ˈpjel/	spiel	/ʃpiɫ/	spiel	spiel, sales pitch

→ /ɾ/⟨r⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈaɾ.βol/	árbol	/ˈaɾ.vu.ɾɨ/	árvore	tree

/l/⟨l⟩ → /l, ∅, ɾ/268 pairs

source

→ /l/⟨l⟩ · 230

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.la/	ala	/ˈa.lɐ/	ala	wing
/luθ/	luz	/luʃ/	luz	light
/floɾ/	flor	/floɾ/	flor	flower
/ˈla.ðo/	lado	/ˈla.du/	lado	side
/ˈla.ɣo/	lago	/ˈla.gu/	lago	lake
/le.ˈal/	leal	/lɨ.ˈaɫ/	leal	loyal, faithful
/le.ˈeɾ/	leer	/leɾ/	ler	to read
/ˈle.ɲo/	leño	/ˈle.ɲu/	lenho	log
/ˈli.no/	lino	/ˈli.ɲu/	linho	flax, linen
/lo.ˈaɾ/	loar	/low.ˈvaɾ/	louvar	to praise
/ˈlo.βa/	loba	/ˈlo.bɐ/	loba	she-wolf
/ˈlo.βo/	lobo	/ˈlo.bu/	lobo	wolf
/ˈlo.ðo/	lodo	/ˈlo.du/	lodo	mud
/ˈlu.na/	luna	/ˈlu.ɐ/	lua	moon
/ˈmu.la/	mula	/ˈmu.lɐ/	mula	mule
/ˈpe.lo/	pelo	/ˈpe.lu/	pelo	hair
/ˈbaj.le/	baile	/ˈbaj.lɨ/	baile	dance
/ka.ˈlaɾ/	calar	/kɐ.ˈlaɾ/	calar	to soak through ≠ to silence
/ka.ˈloɾ/	calor	/kɐ.ˈloɾ/	calor	heat
/ˈkla.ɾa/	clara	/ˈkla.ɾɐ/	clara	clear (f.)
/fa.ˈlaθ/	falaz	/fɐ.ˈlaʃ/	falaz	deceitful, fallacious
/fe.ˈliθ/	feliz	/fɨ.ˈliʃ/	feliz	happy, fortunate
/la.ˈβoɾ/	labor	/lɐ.ˈvoɾ/	lavor	labor, work
/ˈlaɾ.ðo/	lardo	/ˈlaɾ.du/	lardo	lard
/ˈlaɾ.ɣa/	larga	/ˈlaɾ.gɐ/	larga	wide, long
/la.ˈβaɾ/	lavar	/lɐ.ˈvaɾ/	lavar	to wash
/le.ˈɣal/	legal	/lɨ.ˈgaɫ/	legal	legal
/ˈle.tɾa/	letra	/ˈle.tɾɐ/	letra	letter
/ˈli.βɾa/	libra	/ˈli.bɾɐ/	libra	pound
/ˈli.βɾe/	libre	/ˈli.vɾɨ/	livre	free
/ˈli.βɾo/	libro	/ˈli.vɾu/	livro	book
/li.ˈmaɾ/	limar	/li.ˈmaɾ/	limar	to file, smooth
/lo.ˈa.ða/	loada	/low.ˈva.dɐ/	louvada	praised (f.)
/lo.ˈkaɾ/	locar	/lu.ˈkaɾ/	locar	to rent, place
/lu.ˈɣaɾ/	lugar	/lu.ˈgaɾ/	lugar	place
/lu.ˈnaɾ/	lunar	/lu.ˈnaɾ/	lunar	lunar
/ˈli.ne.a/	línea	/ˈli.ɲɐ/	linha	line
/o.ˈli.βa/	oliva	/u.ˈli.vɐ/	oliva	olive
/ˈplu.ma/	pluma	/ˈplu.mɐ/	pluma	feather, pen
/sa.ˈlaɾ/	salar	/sɐ.ˈlaɾ/	salar	to salt
/so.ˈlaɾ/	solar	/su.ˈlaɾ/	solar	solar
/ba.ˈleɾ/	valer	/vɐ.ˈleɾ/	valer	to be worth
/ba.ˈloɾ/	valor	/vɐ.ˈloɾ/	valor	value
/be.ˈlaɾ/	velar	/vɨ.ˈlaɾ/	velar	to veil, watch over
/baj.ˈlaɾ/	bailar	/baj.ˈlaɾ/	bailar	to dance
/ka.ˈla.ða/	calada	/kɐ.ˈla.dɐ/	calada	silenced, soaked (f.)
/kla.ˈmoɾ/	clamor	/klɐ.ˈmoɾ/	clamor	clamor, uproar
/ˈka.li.ða/	cálida	/ˈka.li.dɐ/	cálida	warm, hot (f.)
/es.ˈka.la/	escala	/iʃ.ˈka.lɐ/	escala	stair, scale
/fe.ˈli.na/	felina	/fɨ.ˈli.nɐ/	felina	feline
/ˈflu.i.ða/	fluida	/ˈflu.i.dɐ/	fluida	fluid
/a.ˈβlaɾ/	hablar	/fɐ.ˈlaɾ/	falar	to speak
/la.ˈðɾaɾ/	ladrar	/lɐ.ˈdɾaɾ/	ladrar	to bark
/la.ˈno.so/	lanoso	/lɐ.ˈno.zu/	lanoso	woolly
/la.ˈti.na/	latina	/lɐ.ˈti.nɐ/	latina	Latin
/la.ˈβa.ða/	lavada	/lɐ.ˈva.dɐ/	lavada	washed
/le.ˈɣa.ða/	legada	/lɨ.ˈga.dɐ/	legada	tied (f.)
/li.ˈβɾaɾ/	librar	/li.ˈvɾaɾ/	livrar	to free, save, deliver
/li.ˈma.ða/	limada	/li.ˈma.dɐ/	limada	filed, smoothed (f.)
/ˈli.mi.te/	límite	/ˈli.mi.tɨ/	limite	limit
/li.ˈmo.so/	limoso	/li.ˈmo.zu/	limoso	muddy
/lo.a.ˈðoɾ/	loador	/low.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	louvador	praiser
/lo.ˈka.ða/	locada	/lu.ˈka.dɐ/	locada	rented, placed
/lu.ˈtʃaɾ/	luchar	/lu.ˈtaɾ/	lutar	to fight
/ˈli.βi.ða/	lívida	/ˈli.vi.dɐ/	lívida	livid (f.)
/ˈlu.θi.ða/	lúcida	/ˈlu.si.dɐ/	lúcida	lucid, bright (f.)
/plu.ˈɾal/	plural	/plu.ˈɾaɫ/	plural	plural
/ˈpa.li.ða/	pálida	/ˈpa.li.dɐ/	pálida	pale (f.)
/sa.ˈla.ða/	salada	/sɐ.ˈla.dɐ/	salada	salted, salad
/sa.ˈli.ða/	salida	/sɐ.ˈli.dɐ/	salida	left, gone out (f.), exit
/be.ˈla.ðo/	velado	/vɨ.ˈla.du/	velado	veiled, watched over
/ˈba.li.ða/	válida	/ˈva.li.dɐ/	válida	valid (f.)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣaɾ/	alargar	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgaɾ/	alargar	to lengthen ≠ to widen
/ka.la.ˈðoɾ/	calador	/kɐ.lɐ.ˈdoɾ/	calador	soaker ≠ silencer
/ˈkla.si.ka/	clásica	/ˈkla.si.kɐ/	clássica	classical
/de.la.ˈðoɾ/	delador	/dɨ.lɐ.ˈdoɾ/	delador	informer, accuser
/glo.ˈβo.so/	globoso	/glu.ˈbo.zu/	globoso	globular
/i.ˈta.li.ka/	itálica	/i.ˈta.li.kɐ/	itálica	Italic, italic
/la.ˈðɾa.ða/	ladrada	/lɐ.ˈdɾa.dɐ/	ladrada	barked (f.)
/la.βa.ˈðoɾ/	lavador	/lɐ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	lavador	washer
/le.ˈtʃa.ðo/	lechado	/lej.ˈta.du/	leitado	milked ≠ suckled
/lek.ˈtu.ɾa/	lectura	/lej.ˈtu.ɾɐ/	leitura	reading
/le.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	legador	/lɨ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	legador	binder, bequeather
/le.o.ˈni.na/	leonina	/lɨ.u.ˈni.nɐ/	leonina	lion-like
/le.ˈpɾo.so/	leproso	/lɨ.ˈpɾo.zu/	leproso	leprous
/le.βe.ˈðað/	levedad	/lɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	levidade	lightness, levity
/li.ma.ˈðoɾ/	limador	/li.mɐ.ˈdoɾ/	limador	filer
/lo.ka.ˈðoɾ/	locador	/lu.kɐ.ˈdoɾ/	locador	lessor, placer
/ˈla.ɣɾi.ma/	lágrima	/ˈla.gɾi.mɐ/	lágrima	tear
/ˈli.ki.ða/	líquida	/ˈli.ki.dɐ/	líquida	liquid (f.)
/mi.li.ˈtaɾ/	militar	/mi.li.ˈtaɾ/	militar	military
/pa.ˈla.θjo/	palacio	/pɐ.ˈla.sju/	palácio	palace
/ˈpla.θi.ða/	plácida	/ˈpla.si.dɐ/	plácida	placid, calm (f.)
/sa.la.ˈðoɾ/	salador	/sɐ.lɐ.ˈdoɾ/	salador	salter
/so.ˈla.ɾjo/	solario	/su.ˈla.ɾju/	solário	solarium
/be.la.ˈðoɾ/	velador	/vɨ.lɐ.ˈdoɾ/	velador	watcher, night-table
/a.laɾ.ˈɣa.ða/	alargada	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈga.dɐ/	alargada	lengthened ≠ widened
/ka.lo.ˈɾo.so/	caloroso	/kɐ.lu.ˈɾo.zu/	caloroso	warm, hearty
/do.lo.ˈɾo.so/	doloroso	/du.lu.ˈɾo.zu/	doloroso	painful, sorrowful
/glo.ˈɾjo.sa/	gloriosa	/glu.ˈɾjo.zɐ/	gloriosa	glorious (f.)
/la.ðɾa.ˈðoɾ/	ladrador	/lɐ.dɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/	ladrador	barker
/le.ˈɣum.bɾe/	legumbre	/lɨ.ˈgu.mɨ/	legume	pulse, legume
/li.βe.ˈɾa.ða/	liberada	/li.bɨ.ˈɾa.dɐ/	liberada	freed, liberated
/li.βeɾ.ˈtað/	libertad	/li.bɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/	liberdade	liberty
/li.βɾa.ˈðoɾ/	librador	/li.vɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/	livrador	deliverer
/lu.mi.ˈno.so/	luminoso	/lu.mi.ˈno.zu/	luminoso	luminous
/pa.la.ˈti.na/	palatina	/pɐ.lɐ.ˈti.nɐ/	palatina	palatine
/po.ˈli.ti.ka/	política	/pu.ˈli.ti.kɐ/	política	politics
/po.ˈli.ti.ko/	político	/pu.ˈli.ti.ku/	político	political
/ba.lo.ˈɾo.so/	valoroso	/vɐ.lu.ˈɾo.zu/	valoroso	valorous, brave
/a.laɾ.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	alargador	/ɐ.lɐɾ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	alargador	lengthener, extender
/ko.ko.ˈðɾi.lo/	cocodrilo	/kɾu.ku.ˈdi.lu/	crocodilo	crocodile
/la.kɾi.ˈmo.so/	lacrimoso	/lɐ.kɾi.ˈmo.zu/	lacrimoso	tearful
/plan.ˈta.ɾjo/	plantario	/plɐ̃.ˈta.ɾju/	plantário	plantar ≠ plantation
/kɾis.ta.ˈli.na/	cristalina	/kɾiʃ.tɐ.ˈli.nɐ/	cristalina	crystalline
/ˈla.ða/	lada	/ˈla.dɐ/	lada	broad (archaic; modern usage: 'ancha' from a different etymon)
/ˈle.ða/	leda	/ˈle.dɐ/	leda	happy, glad (f., literary/archaic)
/ˈla.na/	lana	/lɐ̃/	lã	wool
/ˈle.βe/	leve	/ˈlɛ.vɨ/	leve	light
/le.ˈon/	león	/ljɐ̃w/	leão	lion
/ljaɾ/	liar	/li.ˈaɾ/	liar	to bind, tie
/ˈte.la/	tela	/ˈtɛ.lɐ/	tela	cloth, fabric
/ˈbe.la/	vela	/ˈvɛ.lɐ/	vela	candle
/ˈje.lo/	hielo	/ˈʒe.lu/	gelo	frost, ice
/ˈle.tʃe/	leche	/ˈlej.tɨ/	leite	milk
/ˈle.tʃo/	lecho	/ˈlej.tu/	leito	bed
/ˈlen.ta/	lenta	/ˈlẽ.tɐ/	lenta	slow
/ˈlwe.ɣo/	luego	/ˈlɔ.gu/	logo	soon, then
/ˈsi.glo/	siglo	/ˈsɛ.ku.lu/	século	century
/ˈswe.lo/	suelo	/ˈsɔ.lu/	solo	ground
/ˈbe.li.ka/	bélica	/ˈbɛ.li.kɐ/	bélica	warlike
/ˈglo.ɾja/	gloria	/ˈglɔ.ɾjɐ/	glória	glory
/la.ˈðɾon/	ladrón	/lɐ.ˈdɾɐ̃w/	ladrão	thief
/ˈleŋ.gwa/	lengua	/ˈlĩ.gwɐ/	língua	tongue, language
/ˈlje.βɾe/	liebre	/ˈlɛ.bɾɨ/	lebre	hare
/lo.ˈan.te/	loante	/low.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	louvante	praising
/ˈlo.xi.ka/	lógica	/ˈlɔ.ʒi.kɐ/	lógica	logic
/ˈlo.xi.ko/	lógico	/ˈlɔ.ʒi.ku/	lógico	logical
/ˈtem.plo/	templo	/ˈtẽ.plu/	templo	temple
/ka.ˈlan.te/	calante	/kɐ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	calante	silencing
/es.ˈkwe.la/	escuela	/iʃ.ˈkɔ.lɐ/	escola	school
/la.ˈβan.te/	lavante	/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	lavante	washing
/lek.ˈθjon/	lección	/li.ˈsɐ̃w/	lição	lesson, lecture
/le.ˈɣan.te/	legante	/lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	legante	binding (rare; modern uses ligante)
/len.ˈte.xa/	lenteja	/lẽ.ˈti.ʎɐ/	lentilha	lentil
/le.ˈβan.te/	levante	/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	levante	east, the Levant
/li.ˈman.te/	limante	/li.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	limante	filing
/lo.ˈkan.te/	locante	/lu.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	locante	renter, locator
/ˈlim.pi.ða/	límpida	/ˈlĩ.pi.dɐ/	límpida	clear, transparent (f.)
/sa.ˈlan.te/	salante	/sɐ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	salante	salting
/be.ˈlan.te/	velante	/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	velante	veiling
/bo.ˈlan.te/	volante	/vu.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	volante	flying, steering wheel
/e.le.ˈɣan.te/	elegante	/i.lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	elegante	elegant
/la.ˈðɾan.te/	ladrante	/lɐ.ˈdɾɐ̃.tɨ/	ladrante	barking
/le.ˈtʃan.te/	lechante	/lej.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	leitante	suckling, milk-giving
/lu.ˈθjen.te/	luciente	/lu.ˈsẽ.tɨ/	lucente	shining, bright
/re.la.ˈθjon/	relación	/ʁɨ.lɐ.ˈsɐ̃w/	relação	relation, relationship
/ba.ˈljen.te/	valiente	/vɐ.ˈlẽ.tɨ/	valente	valiant
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.te/	alargante	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	alargante	lengthening ≠ widening
/li.βe.ˈɾan.te/	liberante	/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	liberante	freeing
/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/	vigilante	/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	vigilante	vigilant, watchful
/lo.ˈan.do/	loando	/low.ˈvɐ̃.du/	louvando	praising (gerund)
/ˈlweŋ.go/	luengo	/ˈlõ.gu/	longo	long (archaic)
/ka.ˈlan.do/	calando	/kɐ.ˈlɐ̃.du/	calando	lowering (gerund)
/la.ˈβan.do/	lavando	/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	lavando	washing (gerund)
/le.ˈɣan.do/	legando	/lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	legando	binding (gerund; archaic)
/le.ˈβan.do/	levando	/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	levando	lifting (gerund)
/li.ˈman.do/	limando	/li.ˈmɐ̃.du/	limando	filing (gerund)
/lo.ˈkan.do/	locando	/lu.ˈkɐ̃.du/	locando	renting (gerund)
/sa.ˈlan.do/	salando	/sɐ.ˈlɐ̃.du/	salando	salting (gerund)
/be.ˈlan.do/	velando	/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.du/	velando	veiling, watching over (gerund)
/la.ˈðɾan.do/	ladrando	/lɐ.ˈdɾɐ̃.du/	ladrando	barking (gerund)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.do/	alargando	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	alargando	lengthening (gerund)
/li.βe.ˈɾan.do/	liberando	/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	liberando	freeing (gerund)
/ˈsa.la/	sala	/ˈsa.lɐ/	sala	room, hall
/a.ˈlal/	halal	/ɐ.ˈlaɫ/	halal	halal
/ˈlis.ta/	lista	/ˈliʃ.tɐ/	lista	list, stripe
/ˈki.bla/	qibla	/ˈki.blɐ/	qibla	qibla, prayer direction
/a.ˈlaɾ.ðe/	alarde	/ɐ.ˈlaɾ.dɨ/	alarde	show, display, boast
/ka.ˈli.fa/	califa	/kɐ.ˈli.fɐ/	califa	caliph
/e.lik.ˈsiɾ/	elixir	/i.li.ˈʃiɾ/	elixir	elixir
/xa.βa.ˈli/	jabalí	/ʒɐ.vɐ.ˈli/	javali	wild boar
/a.la.ˈkɾan/	alacrán	/lɐ.ˈkɾaw/	lacrau	scorpion
/a.ta.ˈla.ʝa/	atalaya	/ɐ.tɐ.ˈla.jɐ/	atalaia	watchtower
/a.θu.ˈle.xo/	azulejo	/ɐ.zu.ˈle.ʒu/	azulejo	ceramic tile, glazed tile
/ka.ˈli.βɾe/	calibre	/kɐ.ˈli.bɾɨ/	calibre	caliber
/fa.ˈla.fel/	falafel	/fɐ.ˈla.fɛw/	falafel	falafel
/baj.la.ˈɾi.na/	bailarina	/bɐj.lɐ.ˈɾi.nɐ/	bailarina	dancer (f.)
/es.kaɾ.ˈla.ta/	escarlata	/iʃ.kɐɾ.ˈla.tɨ/	escarlate	scarlet
/a.la.ˈɾi.fe/	alarife	/ɐ.lɐ.ˈɾi.fɨ/	alarife	master builder (archaic)
/li.ˈmon/	limón	/li.ˈmɐ̃w/	limão	lemon
/a.la.ˈkɾan/	alacrán	/ɐ.lɐ.ˈkɾɐ̃w/	alacrão	scorpion
/ˈu.la/	hula	/ˈu.lɐ/	hula	hula, Hawaiian dance
/i.ˈɣlu/	iglú	/i.ˈglu/	iglu	igloo
/ˈla.ka/	laca	/ˈla.kɐ/	laca	lacquer, lac
/a.ˈlo.a/	aloha	/ɐ.ˈlo.ɐ/	aloha	aloha
/ba.ˈlut/	balut	/bɐ.ˈlut/	balut	balut, fertilized duck egg
/blits/	blitz	/blits/	blitz	blitz
/ˈtʃi.le/	chile	/ˈtʃi.lɨ/	chile	chili pepper
/ˈgo.lem/	golem	/ˈgo.lẽ/	golem	golem
/ˈla.ɣeɾ/	lager	/ˈla.gɨɾ/	lager	lager, bottom-fermented beer
/ˈla.si/	lassi	/ˈla.si/	lassi	lassi, yogurt drink
/ˈli.tʃi/	lichi	/ˈli.ʃi.ɐ/	lichia	lichi
/lo.ˈkum/	lokum	/lu.ˈkum/	lokum	lokum, Turkish delight
/a.ˈli.ʝa/	aliyah	/ɐ.ˈli.jɐ/	aliyah	aliyah, immigration to Israel
/ˈka.βa.la/	cábala	/ˈka.bɐ.lɐ/	cábala	cábala
/glitʃ/	glitch	/gliʃ/	glitch	glitch, malfunction
/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	/gu.ˈla.ʃɨ/	gulache	gulash
/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	/gu.ˈlaʃ/	gulash	gulash
/xa.ˈle.βi/	jalebi	/ʒɐ.ˈle.bi/	jalebi	jalebi, fried sweet
/ma.ˈa.lo/	mahalo	/mɐ.ˈa.lu/	mahalo	mahalo, thank you
/ma.ˈsa.la/	masala	/mɐ.ˈza.lɐ/	masala	masala, spice mix
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/	baclava	baklava
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/	baklava	baklava
/lakʃ.ˈmi/	lakshmi	/lɐkʃ.ˈmi/	lakshmi	Lakshmi, Hindu goddess
/man.ˈda.la/	mandala	/mɐ̃.ˈda.lɐ/	mandala	mandala
/te.ˈki.la/	tequila	/tɨ.ˈki.lɐ/	tequila	tequila
/u.ke.ˈle.le/	ukelele	/u.ku.ˈle.lɨ/	ukulele	ukelele
/u.ku.ˈle.le/	ukulele	/u.ku.ˈle.lɨ/	ukulele	ukulele
/glas.ˈnost/	glasnost	/glɐʒ.ˈnoʃt/	glasnost	glasnost
/tʃo.ko.ˈla.te/	chocolate	/ʃu.ku.ˈla.tɨ/	chocolate	chocolate
/lejt.mo.ˈtif/	leitmotiv	/lejt.mu.ˈtiv/	leitmotiv	leitmotiv
/loks/	lox	/lɔkʃ/	lox	lox, cured salmon
/ˈlo.ka/	loka	/ˈlɔ.kɐ/	loka	loka, world
/lu.ˈa.u/	luau	/lu.ˈaw/	luau	luau
/pi.ˈlaf/	pilaf	/pi.ˈlaw/	pilau	pilaf, rice dish
/ʃa.ˈlom/	shalom	/ʃɐ.ˈlõ/	shalom	shalom
/ˈkleθ.meɾ/	klezmer	/ˈklɛz.mɨɾ/	klezmer	klezmer, Jewish folk music
/buŋ.ˈga.lo/	bungalow	/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/	bangalo	bungalow, single-story house
/gwa.ka.ˈmo.le/	guacamole	/gwɐ.kɐ.ˈmɔ.lɨ/	guacamole	guacamole

→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 25

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈi.lo/	hilo	/ˈfi.u/	fio	thread
/ˈma.la/	mala	/ma/	má	bad (f.)
/pa.lo/	palo	/paw/	pau	stick, pole
/ˈpi.la/	pila	/ˈpi.ɐ/	pia	basin, battery
/ko.ˈloɾ/	color	/koɾ/	cor	color
/do.ˈleɾ/	doler	/du.ˈeɾ/	doer	to hurt
/do.ˈloɾ/	dolor	/doɾ/	dor	pain, ache
/sa.ˈliɾ/	salir	/sɐ.ˈiɾ/	sair	to leave
/sa.ˈluð/	salud	/sɐ.ˈu.dɨ/	saúde	health
/bo.ˈlaɾ/	volar	/vu.ˈaɾ/	voar	to fly
/mo.ˈli.no/	molino	/mu.ˈi.ɲu/	moinho	mill
/sa.ˈli.ða/	salida	/sɐ.ˈi.dɐ/	saída	left, gone out (f.), exit
/bo.ˈla.ða/	volada	/vu.ˈa.dɐ/	voada	flown (f.)
/sa.lu.ˈðaɾ/	saludar	/sɐ.u.ˈdaɾ/	saudar	to greet
/bo.la.ˈðoɾ/	volador	/vu.ɐ.ˈdoɾ/	voador	flier, flying
/sa.lu.ˈða.ða/	saludada	/sɐ.u.ˈda.dɐ/	saudada	greeted (f.)
/sa.lu.ða.ˈðoɾ/	saludador	/sɐ.u.dɐ.ˈdoɾ/	saudador	greeter
/la/	la	/ɐ/	a	her, it (clitic + f. article)
/ˈma.lo/	malo	/maw/	mau	bad
/ˈte.la/	tela	/ˈtej.ɐ/	teia	cloth ≠ web
/ˈθje.lo/	cielo	/sɛw/	céu	sky
/do.ˈljen.te/	doliente	/du.ˈẽ.tɨ/	doente	suffering ≠ sick
/sa.lu.ˈðan.te/	saludante	/sɐ.u.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	saudante	greeting
/bo.ˈlan.do/	volando	/vu.ˈɐ̃.du/	voando	flying (gerund)
/sa.lu.ˈðan.do/	saludando	/sɐ.u.ˈdɐ̃.du/	saudando	greeting (gerund)

→ /ɾ/⟨r⟩ · 10

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈpla.ta/	plata	/ˈpɾa.tɐ/	prata	silver
/ˈpla.θa/	plaza	/ˈpɾa.sɐ/	praça	square
/pla.ˈθeɾ/	placer	/pɾɐ.ˈzeɾ/	prazer	to please
/i.ˈɣle.sja/	iglesia	/i.ˈgɾe.ʒɐ/	igreja	church
/ˈflo.xo/	flojo	/ˈfɾow.ʃu/	frouxo	loose, slack, lazy
/ˈpla.ʝa/	playa	/ˈpɾaj.ɐ/	praia	beach
/ˈre.ɣla/	regla	/ˈʁɛ.gɾɐ/	regra	rule
/ˈblaŋ.ka/	blanca	/ˈbɾɐ̃.kɐ/	branca	white
/a.ˈlam.bɾe/	alambre	/ɐ.ˈɾɐ.mɨ/	arame	wire
/pla.ˈθjen.te/	placiente	/pɾɐ.ˈzẽ.tɨ/	prazente	pleasing

→ /ʎ/⟨lh⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/le/	le	/ʎɨ/	lhe	to him/her (clitic dat)

→ /ɫ/⟨l⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈle.ɲa/	alheña	/aɫ.ˈfe.nɐ/	alfena	henna (also: privet shrub)

→ /d/⟨d⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/o.ˈloɾ/	olor	/u.ˈdoɾ/	odor	smell

/ʎ/⟨ll⟩ → /ʃ/22 pairs

source

→ /ʃ/⟨ch⟩ · 21

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈʎa.ɣa/	llaga	/ˈʃa.gɐ/	chaga	wound
/ˈʎa.ma/	llama	/ˈʃa.mɐ/	chama	flame
/ˈʎa.βe/	llave	/ˈʃa.vɨ/	chave	key
/ˈʎo.ɾo/	lloro	/ˈʃo.ɾu/	choro	weeping (noun)
/ʎa.ˈmaɾ/	llamar	/ʃɐ.ˈmaɾ/	chamar	to call
/ʎo.ˈɾaɾ/	llorar	/ʃu.ˈɾaɾ/	chorar	to weep
/ʎo.ˈβeɾ/	llover	/ʃu.ˈveɾ/	chover	to rain
/ˈʎu.βja/	lluvia	/ˈʃu.vɐ/	chuva	rain
/ʎa.ˈma.ða/	llamada	/ʃɐ.ˈma.dɐ/	chamada	called (f.), call
/ʎo.ˈɾa.ða/	llorada	/ʃu.ˈɾa.dɐ/	chorada	wept
/ʎo.ˈɾo.sa/	llorosa	/ʃu.ˈɾo.zɐ/	chorosa	tearful (f.)
/ʎa.ma.ˈðoɾ/	llamador	/ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈdoɾ/	chamador	caller, knocker
/ʎo.ɾa.ˈðoɾ/	llorador	/ʃu.ɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/	chorador	weeper
/ʎuβ.ˈjo.sa/	lluviosa	/ʃu.ˈvo.zɐ/	chuvosa	rainy (f.)
/ʎa.ma.ˈti.βo/	llamativo	/ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈti.vu/	chamativo	eye-catching, attention-grabbing
/ˈʎa.no/	llano	/ʃɐ̃w/	chão	flat, plain
/ʎa.ˈβe.ɾo/	llavero	/ʃɐ.ˈvej.ɾu/	chaveiro	key ring, key holder
/ʎa.ˈman.te/	llamante	/ʃɐ.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	chamante	calling, caller
/ʎo.ˈɾan.te/	llorante	/ʃu.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	chorante	weeping
/ʎa.ˈman.do/	llamando	/ʃɐ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	chamando	calling (gerund)
/ʎo.ˈɾan.do/	llorando	/ʃu.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	chorando	weeping (gerund)

→ /pɾ/⟨pr⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈʎan.to/	llanto	/ˈpɾɐ̃.tu/	pranto	weeping

/ʎ/⟨ll⟩ → /l/28 pairs

source

→ /l/⟨l⟩ · 27

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈʎi/	allí	/ɐ.ˈli/	ali	there
/ˈe.ʎos/	ellos	/ˈe.lɨʃ/	eles	they (m. pl.)
/ˈga.ʎo/	gallo	/ˈga.lu/	galo	rooster, cock
/ˈba.ʎe/	valle	/ˈva.lɨ/	vale	valley
/ˈbi.ʎa/	villa	/ˈvi.lɐ/	vila	town, villa
/ka.ˈβa.ʎa/	caballa	/kɐ.ˈva.lɐ/	cavala	mackerel (semantic shift)
/ka.ˈβa.ʎo/	caballo	/kɐ.ˈva.lu/	cavalo	horse
/ka.ˈβe.ʎo/	cabello	/kɐ.ˈbe.lu/	cabelo	hair
/ka.ˈʎo.so/	calloso	/kɐ.ˈlo.zu/	caloso	callous
/ga.ˈʎi.na/	gallina	/gɐ.ˈli.ɲɐ/	galinha	hen
/ˈe.ʎa/	ella	/ˈɛ.lɐ/	ela	she
/ˈbe.ʎa/	bella	/ˈbɛ.lɐ/	bela	beautiful
/ˈpo.ʎo/	pollo	/ˈpɔ.lu/	polo	chicken ≠ young animal
/ˈsi.ʎa/	silla	/ˈsɛ.lɐ/	sela	chair ≠ saddle
/ˈkwe.ʎo/	cuello	/ˈkɔ.lu/	colo	neck
/ˈmwe.ʎe/	muelle	/ˈmɔ.lɨ/	mole	soft, spring, dock
/a.ˈke.ʎa/	aquella	/ɐ.ˈkɛ.lɐ/	aquela	that one (yonder, f.)
/a.ˈke.ʎo/	aquello	/ɐ.ˈki.lu/	aquilo	that (neuter)
/bi.ˈʎa.no/	villano	/vi.ˈlɐ̃w/	vilão	serf, villain
/a.ma.ˈɾi.ʎa/	amarilla	/ɐ.mɐ.ˈɾɛ.lɐ/	amarela	yellow (f.)
/a.βe.ˈʎa.na/	avellana	/ɐ.vɨ.ˈlɐ̃/	avelã	hazelnut
/kas.ˈti.ʎo/	castillo	/kɐʃ.ˈtɛ.lu/	castelo	castle
/es.ˈtɾe.ʎa/	estrella	/iʃ.ˈtɾɛ.lɐ/	estrela	star
/ka.βa.ˈʎe.ɾo/	caballero	/kɐ.vɐ.ˈlej.ɾu/	cavaleiro	knight, gentleman
/fɾa.ˈðje.ʎo/	fradiello	/fɾɐ.ˈɛ.lu/	fraelu	little brother (Late Latin diminutive of FRATER)
/be.ˈʎo.ta/	bellota	/bu.ˈlɔ.tɐ/	bolota	acorn
/tʃin.ˈtʃi.ʎa/	chinchilla	/ʃin.ˈʃi.lɐ/	chinchila	chinchilla

→ /ʎ/⟨lh⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈta.ʎa/	talla	/ˈta.ʎɐ/	talha	cut, carving

/ʝ, j/⟨y, i, j⟩ → /j/34 pairs

source

→ /j/⟨y⟩ · 21

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈsa.ʝa/	saya	/ˈsa.jɐ/	saya	saya, sword scabbard
/ˈʝa.ma/	yama	/ˈja.mɐ/	yama	Yama, Hindu deity / yoga restraint
/ˈʝu.ɣa/	yuga	/ˈju.gɐ/	yuga	yuga, cosmic age
/ˈʝu.mi/	yumi	/ˈju.mi/	yumi	yumi, Japanese longbow
/ˈʝu.θu/	yuzu	/ˈju.zu/	yuzu	yuzu
/ˈrʝo.ɾi/	ryori	/ˈʁjo.ɾi/	ryori	ryori, Japanese cuisine
/ˈʝo.ka.i/	yokai	/ˈjo.kaj/	yokai	yokai
/ˈʝo.kan/	yokan	/ˈjo.kɐ̃/	yokan	yokan, jelly bar
/a.ˈli.ʝa/	aliyah	/ɐ.ˈli.jɐ/	aliyah	aliyah, immigration to Israel
/ʝa.ˈku.θa/	yakuza	/jɐ.ˈku.zɐ/	yakuza	yakuza
/biɾ.ˈʝa.ni/	biryani	/biɾ.ˈja.ni/	biryani	biryani, mixed rice dish
/i.θa.ˈka.ʝa/	izakaya	/i.zɐ.ˈka.jɐ/	izakaya	izakaya, Japanese pub
/maj.ˈtɾe.ʝa/	maitreya	/mɐj.ˈtɾe.jɐ/	maitreya	Maitreya, future Buddha
/sa.ʝo.ˈna.ɾa/	sayonara	/sɐ.ju.ˈna.ɾɐ/	sayonara	sayonara
/su.ki.ˈʝa.ki/	sukiyaki	/su.ki.ˈja.ki/	sukiyaki	sukiyaki
/te.ɾi.ˈʝa.ki/	teriyaki	/tɨ.ɾi.ˈja.ki/	teriyaki	teriyaki
/ʝa.ki.ˈto.ɾi/	yakitori	/jɐ.ki.ˈto.ɾi/	yakitori	yakitori
/san.ˈʝa.sin/	sannyasin	/sɐn.ˈja.zĩ/	sannyasin	sannyasin, Hindu renunciant
/ˈʝa.ki.me.ʃi/	yakimeshi	/ˈja.ki.mɨ.ʃi/	yakimeshi	yakimeshi, fried rice
/tep.pan.ˈʝa.ki/	teppanyaki	/tɨp.pɐn.ˈja.ki/	teppanyaki	teppanyaki
/ˈdo.ʝo/	dohyo	/ˈdɔ.ju/	dohyo	dohyo, sumo ring

→ /j/⟨i⟩ · 9

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/baɾ.ˈjan.te/	variante	/vɐɾ.ˈjɐ̃.tɨ/	variante	variant
/a.ta.ˈla.ʝa/	atalaya	/ɐ.tɐ.ˈla.jɐ/	atalaia	watchtower
/al.fa.ˈʝa.te/	alfayate	/aɫ.fɐ.ˈja.tɨ/	alfaiate	tailor (archaic; modern Spanish uses 'sastre')
/ˈma.ʝa/	maya	/ˈma.jɐ/	maia	maya (illusion)
/ˈʝu.ka/	yuca	/ˈju.kɐ/	iuca	yuca
/ʝo.ˈɣuɾ/	yogur	/jɔ.ˈguɾ.tɨ/	iogurte	yogurt
/ˈta.ja.ki/	taiyaki	/ˈta.jɐ.ki/	taiyaki	taiyaki, fish-shaped cake
/ko.ˈʝo.te/	coyote	/ko.ˈjɔ.tɨ/	coiote	coyote
/pe.ˈʝo.te/	peyote	/pe.ˈjɔ.tɨ/	peiote	peyote

→ /ʒ/⟨j⟩ · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/i.ˈʝab/	hiyab	/i.ˈʒab/	hijab	hiyab
/ʝi.ˈad/	yihad	/ʒi.ˈad/	jihad	yihad
/ˈʝu.ðo/	judo	/ʒu.ˈdo/	judô	judo

→ /∅/⟨⟩ · 1

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kon.ˈʝa.ku/	konnyaku	/kõ.ˈa.ku/	konnyaku	konnyaku, konjac jelly