Nasal-vowels

This chapter in the Latin American edition: Chapter 4a.2

453 cognate pairs

/am, an, aŋ, ana, uŋ, um, aŋg/⟨an, am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ong, aan, ám⟩ → /ɐ̃, ɐ̃w/305 pairs

source

→ /ɐ̃/⟨an⟩ · ⟨an⟩ · 241

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈan.te/	ante	/ˈɐ̃.tɨ/	ante	before
/ˈkan.to/	canto	/ˈkɐ̃.tu/	canto	song
/ˈdan.te/	dante	/ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	dante	giving
/ˈmaŋ.ka/	manca	/ˈmɐ̃.kɐ/	manca	one-handed, lacking (f.)
/ˈsan.ta/	santa	/ˈsɐ̃.tɐ/	santa	holy
/ˈtan.ta/	tanta	/ˈtɐ̃.tɐ/	tanta	so much (f.)
/a.ˈman.te/	amante	/ɐ.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	amante	lover
/a.ˈɾan.te/	arante	/ɐ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	arante	plowing
/ˈblaŋ.ka/	blanca	/ˈbɾɐ̃.kɐ/	branca	white
/kan.ˈdoɾ/	candor	/kɐ̃.ˈdoɾ/	candor	whiteness, candor
/kan.ˈtaɾ/	cantar	/kɐ̃.ˈtaɾ/	cantar	to sing
/kan.ˈtoɾ/	cantor	/kɐ̃.ˈtoɾ/	cantor	singer
/ˈkwan.ta/	cuanta	/ˈkwɐ̃.tɐ/	quanta	how much (f.)
/ˈgɾan.de/	grande	/ˈgɾɐ̃.dɨ/	grande	big
/ˈʎan.to/	llanto	/ˈpɾɐ̃.tu/	pranto	weeping
/lo.ˈan.te/	loante	/low.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	louvante	praising
/man.ˈdaɾ/	mandar	/mɐ̃.ˈdaɾ/	mandar	to command, send
/o.ˈɾan.te/	orante	/u.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	orante	praying, prayer (one who prays)
/ˈsaŋ.gɾe/	sangre	/ˈsɐ̃.gɨ/	sangue	blood
/an.ˈti.ɣwa/	antigua	/ɐ̃.ˈti.gɐ/	antiga	ancient (f.)
/aɾ.ˈman.te/	armante	/ɐɾ.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	armante	arming
/ka.ˈlan.te/	calante	/kɐ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	calante	silencing
/kan.ˈta.ða/	cantada	/kɐ̃.ˈta.dɐ/	cantada	sung
/ka.ˈsan.te/	casante	/kɐ.ˈzɐ̃.tɨ/	casante	marrying
/ka.ˈβan.te/	cavante	/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	cavante	digging
/θe.ˈsan.te/	cesante	/sɨ.ˈsɐ̃.tɨ/	cessante	ceasing, dismissed
/kɾe.ˈan.te/	creante	/kɾi.ˈɐ̃.tɨ/	criante	creating
/ku.ˈɾan.te/	curante	/ku.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	curante	caring
/da.ˈɲan.te/	dañante	/dɐ̃.ˈnɐ̃.tɨ/	danante	damaging
/do.ˈman.te/	domante	/du.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	domante	taming, tamer
/do.ˈnan.te/	donante	/du.ˈnɐ̃.tɨ/	donante	donor
/do.ˈɾan.te/	dorante	/du.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	dorante	gilding
/du.ˈɾan.te/	durante	/du.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	durante	during
/es.ˈtan.te/	estante	/iʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	estante	shelf, standing
/xi.ˈɣan.te/	gigante	/ʒi.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	gigante	giant
/xi.ˈɾan.te/	girante	/ʒi.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	girante	turning
/in.ˈfan.te/	infante	/ĩ.ˈfɐ̃.tɨ/	infante	infant, prince
/xu.ˈɾan.te/	jurante	/ʒu.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	jurante	swearing, oath-taker
/la.ˈβan.te/	lavante	/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	lavante	washing
/le.ˈɣan.te/	legante	/lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	legante	binding (rare; modern uses ligante)
/le.ˈβan.te/	levante	/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	levante	east, the Levant
/li.ˈman.te/	limante	/li.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	limante	filing
/lo.ˈkan.te/	locante	/lu.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	locante	renter, locator
/man.ˈda.ða/	mandada	/mɐ̃.ˈda.dɐ/	mandada	commanded (f.)
/mo.ˈɾan.te/	morante	/mu.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	morante	delaying, dwelling
/mu.ˈðan.te/	mudante	/mu.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	mudante	changing, moving (one who moves)
/na.ˈðan.te/	nadante	/nɐ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	nadante	swimming, floating
/ne.ˈɣan.te/	negante	/nɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	negante	denying
/no.ˈtan.te/	notante	/nu.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	notante	noting
/oɾ.ˈnan.te/	ornante	/uɾ.ˈnɐ̃.tɨ/	ornante	adorning
/pa.ˈɣan.te/	pagante	/pɐ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	pagante	paying, payer
/pa.ˈɾan.te/	parante	/pɐ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	parante	preparing, stopping
/pa.ˈsan.te/	pasante	/pɐ.ˈsɐ̃.tɨ/	passante	intern, passing
/pe.ˈkan.te/	pecante	/pɨ.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	pecante	sinning
/pi.ˈkan.te/	picante	/pi.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	picante	spicy, pricking
/po.ˈsan.te/	posante	/pow.ˈzɐ̃.tɨ/	pousante	pausing, alighting
/re.ˈman.te/	remante	/ʁɨ.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	remante	rowing
/ro.ˈðan.te/	rodante	/ʁu.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	rodante	rolling
/ro.ˈɣan.te/	rogante	/ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	rogante	asking, petitioner
/sa.ˈlan.te/	salante	/sɐ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	salante	salting
/se.ˈkan.te/	secante	/sɨ.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	secante	cutting, secant
/su.ˈðan.te/	sudante	/su.ˈɐ̃.tɨ/	suante	sweating
/to.ˈnan.te/	tonante	/tu.ˈnɐ̃.tɨ/	tonante	thundering
/ba.ˈɣan.te/	vagante	/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	vagante	wandering, vagrant
/be.ˈðan.te/	vedante	/vɨ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	vedante	forbidding
/be.ˈlan.te/	velante	/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	velante	veiling
/bo.ˈkan.te/	vocante	/vu.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	vocante	vacant
/bo.ˈlan.te/	volante	/vu.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	volante	flying, steering wheel
/bo.ˈtan.te/	votante	/vu.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	votante	voting, voter
/kal.ˈkan.te/	calcante	/kaɫ.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	calcante	treading
/kan.ta.ˈðoɾ/	cantador	/kɐ̃.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/	cantador	singer (esp. flamenco)
/kan.ˈtan.te/	cantante	/kɐ̃.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	cantante	singer
/θeɾ.ˈkan.te/	cercante	/sɨɾ.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	cercante	encircling
/e.le.ˈɣan.te/	elegante	/i.lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	elegante	elegant
/en.ˈtɾan.te/	entrante	/ẽ.ˈtɾɐ̃.tɨ/	entrante	entering, incoming
/fiɾ.ˈman.te/	firmante	/fiɾ.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	firmante	signing, signatory
/foɾ.ˈman.te/	formante	/fuɾ.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	formante	forming
/on.ˈɾan.te/	honrante	/õ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	honrante	honoring
/la.ˈðɾan.te/	ladrante	/lɐ.ˈdɾɐ̃.tɨ/	ladrante	barking
/le.ˈtʃan.te/	lechante	/lej.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	leitante	suckling, milk-giving
/ʎa.ˈman.te/	llamante	/ʃɐ.ˈmɐ̃.tɨ/	chamante	calling, caller
/ʎo.ˈɾan.te/	llorante	/ʃu.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	chorante	weeping
/man.da.ˈðoɾ/	mandador	/mɐ̃.dɐ.ˈdoɾ/	mandador	commander
/man.ˈdan.te/	mandante	/mɐ̃.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	mandante	commanding, principal
/maɾ.ˈkan.te/	marcante	/mɐɾ.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	marcante	marking
/meɾ.ˈkan.te/	mercante	/mɨɾ.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	mercante	merchant
/mon.ˈdan.te/	mondante	/mõ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	mondante	cleaning, peeling
/na.ˈran.te/	narrante	/nɐ.ˈʁɐ̃.tɨ/	narrante	telling, narrator
/pen.ˈsan.te/	pensante	/pẽ.ˈsɐ̃.tɨ/	pensante	thinking
/poɾ.ˈtan.te/	portante	/puɾ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	portante	carrier
/pɾi.ˈβan.te/	privante	/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	privante	depriving
/pɾo.ˈβan.te/	probante	/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	provante	proving
/res.ˈtan.te/	restante	/ʁɨʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	restante	remaining, residual
/sal.ˈtan.te/	saltante	/saɫ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	saltante	jumping, prominent
/sal.ˈβan.te/	salvante	/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	salvante	saving
/taɾ.ˈðan.te/	tardante	/tɐɾ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	tardante	delaying
/ten.ˈtan.te/	tentante	/tẽ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	tentante	tempting
/tes.ˈtan.te/	testante	/tɨʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	testante	testator, witness
/tuɾ.ˈβan.te/	turbante	/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.tɨ/	turbante	disturbing
/baɾ.ˈjan.te/	variante	/vɐɾ.ˈjɐ̃.tɨ/	variante	variant
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.te/	alargante	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	alargante	lengthening ≠ widening
/ka.mi.ˈnan.te/	caminante	/kɐ.mi.ˈɲɐ̃.tɨ/	caminhante	walker, traveler
/kas.ˈtɾan.te/	castrante	/kɐʃ.ˈtɾɐ̃.tɨ/	castrante	castrating
/kom.ˈpɾan.te/	comprante	/kõ.ˈpɾɐ̃.tɨ/	comprante	buying, buyer
/ko.ɾo.ˈnan.te/	coronante	/ku.ɾu.ˈnɐ̃.tɨ/	coronante	crowning
/de.mo.ˈɾan.te/	demorante	/dɨ.mu.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	demorante	delaying
/do.mi.ˈnan.te/	dominante	/du.mi.ˈnɐ̃.tɨ/	dominante	dominant
/gwaɾ.ˈðan.te/	guardante	/gwɐɾ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	guardante	guarding
/li.βe.ˈɾan.te/	liberante	/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	liberante	freeing
/ma.ðu.ˈɾan.te/	madurante	/mɐ.du.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	madurante	ripening
/mos.ˈtɾan.te/	mostrante	/muʃ.ˈtɾɐ̃.tɨ/	mostrante	showing
/plan.ˈta.ɾjo/	plantario	/plɐ̃.ˈta.ɾju/	plantário	plantar ≠ plantation
/sa.lu.ˈðan.te/	saludante	/sɐ.u.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	saudante	greeting
/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/	vigilante	/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	vigilante	vigilant, watchful
/im.poɾ.ˈtan.te/	importante	/ĩ.puɾ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	importante	important
/tan/	tan	/ˈtɐ̃.tu/	tanto	so, so much (apocopated)
/a.ˈman.do/	amando	/ɐ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	amando	loving (gerund)
/a.ˈɾan.do/	arando	/ɐ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	arando	plowing (gerund)
/lo.ˈan.do/	loando	/low.ˈvɐ̃.du/	louvando	praising (gerund)
/o.ˈɾan.do/	orando	/u.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	orando	praying (gerund)
/aɾ.ˈman.do/	armando	/ɐɾ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	armando	arming (gerund)
/ka.ˈlan.do/	calando	/kɐ.ˈlɐ̃.du/	calando	lowering (gerund)
/ka.ˈsan.do/	casando	/kɐ.ˈzɐ̃.du/	casando	marrying (gerund)
/ka.ˈβan.do/	cavando	/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	cavando	digging (gerund)
/θe.ˈsan.do/	cesando	/sɨ.ˈsɐ̃.du/	cessando	ceasing (gerund)
/kɾe.ˈan.do/	creando	/kɾi.ˈɐ̃.du/	criando	creating (gerund)
/ku.ˈɾan.do/	curando	/ku.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	curando	curing (gerund)
/da.ˈɲan.do/	dañando	/dɐ̃.ˈnɐ̃.du/	danando	damaging, harming (gerund)
/do.ˈman.do/	domando	/du.ˈmɐ̃.du/	domando	taming (gerund)
/do.ˈnan.do/	donando	/du.ˈɐ̃.du/	doando	donating (gerund)
/do.ˈɾan.do/	dorando	/du.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	dorando	gilding (gerund)
/du.ˈɾan.do/	durando	/du.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	durando	lasting (gerund)
/es.ˈtan.do/	estando	/iʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	estando	being (gerund)
/xi.ˈɾan.do/	girando	/ʒi.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	girando	turning (gerund)
/xu.ˈɾan.do/	jurando	/ʒu.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	jurando	swearing (gerund)
/la.ˈβan.do/	lavando	/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	lavando	washing (gerund)
/le.ˈɣan.do/	legando	/lɨ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	legando	binding (gerund; archaic)
/le.ˈβan.do/	levando	/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	levando	lifting (gerund)
/li.ˈman.do/	limando	/li.ˈmɐ̃.du/	limando	filing (gerund)
/lo.ˈkan.do/	locando	/lu.ˈkɐ̃.du/	locando	renting (gerund)
/mi.ˈɾan.do/	mirando	/mi.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	mirando	looking (gerund)
/mo.ˈɾan.do/	morando	/mu.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	morando	dwelling, residing (gerund, literary)
/mu.ˈðan.do/	mudando	/mu.ˈdɐ̃.du/	mudando	changing (gerund)
/ne.ˈɣan.do/	negando	/nɨ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	negando	denying (gerund)
/no.ˈtan.do/	notando	/nu.ˈtɐ̃.du/	notando	noting (gerund)
/oɾ.ˈnan.do/	ornando	/uɾ.ˈnɐ̃.du/	ornando	adorning (gerund)
/pa.ˈɣan.do/	pagando	/pɐ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	pagando	paying (gerund)
/pa.ˈɾan.do/	parando	/pɐ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	parando	stopping (gerund)
/pa.ˈsan.do/	pasando	/pɐ.ˈsɐ̃.du/	passando	passing (gerund)
/pe.ˈkan.do/	pecando	/pɨ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	pecando	sinning (gerund)
/pi.ˈkan.do/	picando	/pi.ˈkɐ̃.du/	picando	pecking, mincing (gerund)
/po.ˈsan.do/	posando	/pow.ˈzɐ̃.du/	pousando	posing, lodging (gerund)
/re.ˈman.do/	remando	/ʁɨ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	remando	rowing (gerund)
/ro.ˈðan.do/	rodando	/ʁu.ˈdɐ̃.du/	rodando	turning, rolling (gerund)
/ro.ˈɣan.do/	rogando	/ʁu.ˈgɐ̃.du/	rogando	asking, begging (gerund)
/sa.ˈlan.do/	salando	/sɐ.ˈlɐ̃.du/	salando	salting (gerund)
/se.ˈɣan.do/	segando	/sɨ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	segando	mowing, harvesting (gerund)
/su.ˈðan.do/	sudando	/su.ˈɐ̃.du/	suando	sweating (gerund)
/ba.ˈɣan.do/	vagando	/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	vagando	wandering (gerund)
/be.ˈlan.do/	velando	/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.du/	velando	veiling, watching over (gerund)
/bo.ˈlan.do/	volando	/vu.ˈɐ̃.du/	voando	flying (gerund)
/bo.ˈtan.do/	votando	/vu.ˈtɐ̃.du/	votando	voting (gerund)
/kal.ˈkan.do/	calcando	/kɐw.ˈkɐ̃.du/	calcando	tracing, copying (gerund)
/kan.ˈtan.do/	cantando	/kɐ̃.ˈtɐ̃.du/	cantando	singing (gerund)
/θeɾ.ˈkan.do/	cercando	/sɨɾ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	cercando	encircling (gerund)
/kos.ˈtan.do/	costando	/kuʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	costando	costing (gerund)
/kos.ˈtan.te/	costante	/kuʃ.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	costante	constant (archaic; modern uses constante with /-ns-/-restoration)
/di.ˈtʃan.do/	dichando	/di.ˈtɐ̃.du/	ditando	dictating (gerund, archaic; modern dictando)
/di.ˈtʃan.te/	dichante	/di.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	ditante	dictating (archaic)
/en.ˈtɾan.do/	entrando	/ẽ.ˈtɾɐ̃.du/	entrando	entering (gerund)
/fiɾ.ˈman.do/	firmando	/fiɾ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	firmando	signing (gerund)
/foɾ.ˈman.do/	formando	/fuɾ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	formando	forming (gerund)
/on.ˈɾan.do/	honrando	/õ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	honrando	honoring (gerund)
/la.ˈðɾan.do/	ladrando	/lɐ.ˈdɾɐ̃.du/	ladrando	barking (gerund)
/ʎa.ˈman.do/	llamando	/ʃɐ.ˈmɐ̃.du/	chamando	calling (gerund)
/ʎo.ˈɾan.do/	llorando	/ʃu.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	chorando	weeping (gerund)
/man.ˈdan.do/	mandando	/mɐ̃.ˈdɐ̃.du/	mandando	commanding (gerund)
/maɾ.ˈkan.do/	marcando	/mɐɾ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	marcando	marking (gerund)
/meɾ.ˈkan.do/	mercando	/mɨɾ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	mercando	trading (gerund)
/mon.ˈdan.do/	mondando	/mõ.ˈdɐ̃.du/	mondando	cleaning, peeling (gerund)
/na.ˈran.do/	narrando	/nɐ.ˈʁɐ̃.du/	narrando	narrating (gerund)
/pen.ˈsan.do/	pensando	/pẽ.ˈsɐ̃.du/	pensando	thinking (gerund)
/pes.ˈkan.do/	pescando	/pɨʃ.ˈkɐ̃.du/	pescando	fishing (gerund)
/poɾ.ˈtan.do/	portando	/puɾ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	portando	carrying (gerund)
/pɾi.ˈβan.do/	privando	/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.du/	privando	depriving (gerund)
/pɾo.ˈβan.do/	probando	/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.du/	provando	proving, trying (gerund)
/res.ˈtan.do/	restando	/ʁɨʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	restando	remaining, subtracting (gerund)
/sal.ˈtan.do/	saltando	/saɫ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	saltando	jumping (gerund)
/sal.ˈβan.do/	salvando	/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	salvando	saving (gerund)
/taɾ.ˈðan.do/	tardando	/tɐɾ.ˈdɐ̃.du/	tardando	delaying (gerund)
/ten.ˈtan.do/	tentando	/tẽ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	tentando	trying (gerund)
/tes.ˈtan.do/	testando	/tɨʃ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	testando	testing (gerund)
/tuɾ.ˈβan.do/	turbando	/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.du/	turbando	disturbing (gerund)
/bol.ˈtan.do/	voltando	/voɫ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	voltando	turning, flipping (gerund)
/a.laɾ.ˈɣan.do/	alargando	/ɐ.lɐɾ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	alargando	lengthening (gerund)
/ka.mi.ˈnan.do/	caminando	/kɐ.mi.ˈɲɐ̃.du/	caminhando	walking, traveling (gerund)
/kas.ˈtɾan.do/	castrando	/kɐʃ.ˈtɾɐ̃.du/	castrando	castrating, pruning (gerund)
/kom.ˈpɾan.do/	comprando	/kõ.ˈpɾɐ̃.du/	comprando	buying (gerund)
/ko.ɾo.ˈnan.do/	coronando	/ku.ɾu.ˈɐ̃.du/	coroando	crowning (gerund)
/de.mo.ˈɾan.do/	demorando	/dɨ.mu.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	demorando	delaying (gerund)
/gwaɾ.ˈðan.do/	guardando	/gwɐɾ.ˈdɐ̃.du/	guardando	guarding (gerund)
/li.βe.ˈɾan.do/	liberando	/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	liberando	freeing (gerund)
/ma.ðu.ˈɾan.do/	madurando	/mɐ.du.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	madurando	ripening (gerund)
/mos.ˈtɾan.do/	mostrando	/muʃ.ˈtɾɐ̃.du/	mostrando	showing (gerund)
/sa.lu.ˈðan.do/	saludando	/sɐ.u.ˈdɐ̃.du/	saudando	greeting (gerund)
/kan.ˈθjon/	canción	/kɐ̃.ˈsɐ̃w/	canção	song
/ˈaŋ.ka/	anca	/ˈɐ̃.kɐ/	anca	haunch, rump
/ˈbaŋ.ko/	banco	/ˈbɐ̃.ku/	banco	bench, bank
/ˈgan.so/	ganso	/ˈgɐ̃.su/	ganso	goose
/ˈfɾaŋ.ka/	franca	/ˈfɾɐ̃.kɐ/	franca	frank, free (f.)
/al.ˈfaŋ.xe/	alfanje	/aɫ.ˈfɐ̃.ʒɨ/	alfange	scimitar, broadsword (archaic)
/ˈaŋ.ko/	anko	/ˈɐ̃.ku/	anko	anko, sweet bean paste
/ˈko.an/	koan	/ˈko.ɐ̃/	koan	koan, Zen paradox
/ˈan.pan/	anpan	/ˈɐ̃.pɐ̃/	anpan	anpan, red-bean bun
/ˈat.man/	atman	/ˈat.mɐ̃/	atman	atman
/ˈgaŋ.ga/	ganga	/ˈgɐ̃.gɐ/	ganga	Ganga, Hindu goddess of the Ganges
/ˈaŋ.ko/	hanko	/ˈɐ̃.ku/	hanko	hanko, Japanese seal
/ˈkaŋ.xi/	kanji	/ˈkɐ̃.ʒi/	kanji	kanji
/ˈmaŋ.ga/	manga	/mɐ̃.ˈga/	mangá	manga (Japanese comic)
/ˈmaŋ.go/	mango	/ˈmɐ̃.gɐ/	manga	mango
/fiɾ.ˈman/	firman	/fiɾ.ˈmɐ̃/	firman	firmán, royal decree
/ˈaŋ.gul/	hangul	/ˈɐ̃.guɫ/	hangul	hangul
/kan.ˈban/	kanban	/kɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃/	kanban	kanban, signboard / scheduling system
/ˈman.tɾa/	mantra	/ˈmɐ̃.tɾɐ/	mantra	mantra
/rʝo.ˈkan/	ryokan	/ʁjɔ.ˈkɐ̃/	ryokan	ryokan, traditional Japanese inn
/ˈsaŋ.ga/	sangha	/ˈsɐ̃.gɐ/	sangha	sangha, Buddhist community
/ˈʃan.ti/	shanti	/ˈʃɐ̃.ti/	shanti	shanti, peace
/ˈtan.tɾa/	tantra	/ˈtɐ̃.tɾɐ/	tantra	tantra
/ban.ˈtʃan/	banchan	/bɐ̃.ˈtʃɐ̃/	banchan	banchan, Korean side dishes
/ban.ˈda.na/	bandana	/bɐ̃.ˈda.nɐ/	bandana	bandana
/ˈtʃan.dɾa/	chandra	/ˈʃɐ̃.dɾɐ/	chandra	Chandra, Hindu moon god
/a.nu.ˈman/	hanuman	/ɐ.nu.ˈmɐ̃/	hanuman	Hanuman, monkey deity
/man.ˈda.la/	mandala	/mɐ̃.ˈda.lɐ/	mandala	mandala
/ˈpan.di.ta/	pandita	/ˈpɐ̃.di.tɐ/	pandita	pandit
/ren.ˈdaŋ/	rendang	/ʁẽ.ˈdɐ̃/	rendang	rendang, Indonesian curry
/ˈsaŋk.ʝa/	sankhya	/ˈsɐ̃.kjɐ/	sankhya	Samkhya, Hindu philosophical school
/me.ɾon.ˈpan/	melonpan	/mɨ.ɾõ.ˈpɐ̃/	melonpan	melonpan, sweet bun
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/u.ɾɐ̃.gu.ˈtɐ̃.gu/	orangotango	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra
/ban.ˈθa.i/	banzai	/bɐ̃.ˈzaj/	banzai	banzai
/an.ˈbok/	hanbok	/ɐ̃.ˈbɔk/	hanbok	hanbok, traditional Korean clothing
/ˈsa.tsaŋ/	satsang	/sɐ.ˈtsɐ̃/	satsang	satsang, spiritual gathering

→ /ɐ̃/⟨a⟩ · ⟨an⟩ · 12

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈdaŋ.go/	dango	/ˈdɐ̃.gu/	dango	dango, rice dumpling
/ˈgo.an/	gohan	/ˈgo.ɐ̃/	gohan	gohan, cooked rice
/ˈman.dʒu/	manju	/ˈmɐ̃.ʒu/	manju	manju, steamed sweet bun
/ˈpaŋ.ko/	panko	/ˈpɐ̃.ku/	panko	panko, breadcrumbs
/ˈʝo.kan/	yokan	/ˈjo.kɐ̃/	yokan	yokan, jelly bar
/ˈmuk.ban/	mukbang	/ˈmuk.bɐ̃/	mukbang	mukbang, eating broadcast
/tan.ˈduɾ/	tandoor	/tɐ̃.ˈduɾ/	tandoor	tandoor, clay oven
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutan	rambután, tropical fruit
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutao	rambután, tropical fruit
/ka.ta.ma.ˈɾan/	catamaran	/kɐ.tɐ.mɐ.ˈɾɐ̃/	catamara	catamarán, double-hulled boat
/no.ˈɾe.βan/	noraebang	/nu.ˈɾe.bɐ̃/	noraebang	noraebang, karaoke room
/o.ɾa.ŋu.ˈtan/	orangutan	/u.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan, great ape of Borneo/Sumatra

→ /ɐ̃w/⟨ão⟩ · ⟨an⟩ · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kan/	can	/kɐ̃w/	cão	dog
/pan/	pan	/pɐ̃w/	pão	bread
/tan/	tan	/tɐ̃w/	tão	so, so much (apocopated)

→ /ɐ̃w/⟨ao⟩ · ⟨an⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kan/	kan	/kɐ̃w/	cao	kan, Mongol/Turkic ruler

→ /ɐ̃/⟨am⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, before /m/ · 15

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈkam.po/	campo	/ˈkɐ̃.pu/	campo	field
/kam.ˈpa.ɲa/	campaña	/ˈkɐ̃.pa.ɲɐ/	campanha	countryside
/tam.ˈbjen/	también	/tɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃j/	também	also
/a.ˈɾam/	haram	/ɐ.ˈɾɐ̃/	haram	haram
/tam.ˈboɾ/	tambor	/tɐ̃.ˈboɾ/	tambor	drum
/ˈa.am/	aham	/ˈa.ɐ̃/	aham	aham, the self
/bam.ˈbu/	bambu	/bɐ̃.ˈbu/	bambu	bambú, bamboo
/bam.ˈbu/	bambú	/bɐ̃.ˈbu/	bambu	bamboo
/a.ˈmam/	hamam	/ɐ.ˈmɐ̃/	hamam	hamam, Turkish bath
/aʃ.ˈɾam/	ashram	/ɐʃ.ˈɾɐ̃/	ashram	ashram
/ˈsam.bal/	sambal	/sɐ̃.ˈbaɫ/	sambal	sambal, chili paste
/sam.ˈsa.ɾa/	samsara	/sɐ̃.ˈsa.ɾɐ/	samsara	samsara
/tʃam.ˈpu/	champú	/ʃɐ̃.ˈpo/	champô	shampoo
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutan	rambután, tropical fruit
/ram.bu.ˈtan/	rambutan	/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/	rambutao	rambután, tropical fruit

→ /ɐ̃/⟨um⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, before /m/ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈdim.sum/	dim-sum	/ˈdĩ.sɐ̃/	dimsum	dim-sum

→ /ɐ̃/⟨âm⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, before /m/ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈam.baɾ/	ámbar	/ˈɐ̃.bɐɾ/	âmbar	amber

→ /ɐ̃/⟨ã⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨ana⟩ · 8

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈla.na/	lana	/lɐ̃/	lã	wool
/ˈra.na/	rana	/ʁɐ̃/	rã	frog
/ˈsa.na/	sana	/sɐ̃/	sã	healthy
/ˈba.na/	vana	/vɐ̃/	vã	vain
/ma.ˈɲa.na/	mañana	/mɐ.ˈɲɐ̃/	manhã	morning, tomorrow
/eɾ.ˈma.na/	hermana	/iɾ.ˈmɐ̃/	irmã	sister
/man.ˈθa.na/	manzana	/mɐ.ˈsɐ̃/	maçã	apple
/a.βe.ˈʎa.na/	avellana	/ɐ.vɨ.ˈlɐ̃/	avelã	hazelnut

→ /ɐ̃w/⟨ão⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 7

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ka.pi.ˈtan/	capitán	/kɐ.pi.ˈtɐ̃w/	capitão	captain
/sul.ˈtan/	sultán	/suɫ.ˈtɐ̃w/	sultão	sultán
/a.la.ˈkɾan/	alacrán	/ɐ.lɐ.ˈkɾɐ̃w/	alacrão	scorpion
/a.θa.ˈfɾan/	azafrán	/ɐ.sɐ.ˈfɾɐ̃w/	açafrão	saffron
/ra.ma.ˈðan/	ramadán	/ʁɐ.mɐ.ˈdɐ̃w/	ramadão	ramadán
/al.ki.ˈtɾan/	alquitrán	/aɫ.kɐ.ˈtɾɐ̃w/	alcatrão	tar
/u.ɾa.ˈkan/	huracán	/fu.ɾɐ.ˈkɐ̃w/	furacão	hurricane

→ /ɐ̃/⟨an⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 4

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈaŋ.xel/	ángel	/ˈɐ̃.ʒu/	anjo	angel
/ˈkwan.do/	cuándo	/ˈkwɐ̃.du/	quando	when (interrogative)
/o.ɾaŋ.gu.ˈtan/	orangután	/u.ɾɐ̃.gu.ˈtɐ̃.gu/	orangotango	orangutan
/buŋ.ˈga.lo/	bungalow	/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/	bangalo	bungalow, single-story house

→ /ɐ̃/⟨ân⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈkan.di.ða/	cándida	/ˈkɐ̃.di.dɐ/	cândida	candid (f.)
/ˈxuŋ.gla/	jungla	/ˈʒɐ̃.gaw/	jângal	jungle

→ /ɐ̃/⟨ã⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/i.ˈman/	imán	/i.ˈmɐ̃/	imã	imán
/di.ˈβan/	diván	/di.ˈvɐ̃/	divã	divan, couch

→ /ɐ̃/⟨ang⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/twen.ˈdʒan/	doenjang	/twẽ.ˈdʒɐ̃/	doenjang	doenjang, soybean paste
/ko.tʃu.ˈdʒan/	gochujang	/ko.ʃu.ˈdʒɐ̃/	gochujang	gochujang, chili paste

→ /ɐ̃/⟨a⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/o.ɾaŋ.gu.ˈtan/	orangután	/u.ɾɐ̃.u.ˈtɐ̃/	orangutan	orangutan

→ /ɐ̃/⟨um⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈdim.san/	dimsum	/ˈdĩ.sɐ̃/	dimsum	dim sum

→ /õ/⟨on⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kuŋ.ˈfu/	kung-fu	/gõ.ˈfu/	gongfu	kung-fu

→ /ɐ̃/⟨ong⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ma.ˈdʒaŋ/	mahjong	/mɐ.ˈʒɐ̃/	mahjong	mahjong, tile game

→ /ɐ̃/⟨aa⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/nan/	naan	/nɐ̃/	naan	naan, Indian flatbread

→ /ũ/⟨un⟩ · ⟨am, án, ana, un, ang, um, ám, ong, aan⟩, not before /m/, ⟨án, un, ang, um, ong, aan⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈnuŋ.ka/	nunca	/ˈnũ.kɐ/	nunca	never

/on, wen, weno, om, oŋ, weŋ, olun/⟨on, om, uen, onn, ueno, ong, olun⟩ → /õ, o/69 pairs

source

→ /õ/⟨on⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, before two consonants · 43

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈon.θe/	once	/ˈõ.zɨ/	onze	eleven
/ˈon.da/	onda	/ˈõ.dɐ/	onda	wave
/ˈdon.de/	donde	/ˈõ.dɨ/	onde	where
/ˈmon.te/	monte	/ˈmõ.tɨ/	monte	mountain
/bon.ˈdað/	bondad	/bõ.ˈda.dɨ/	bondade	goodness
/kon.ˈtaɾ/	contar	/kõ.ˈtaɾ/	contar	to count
/ˈkon.tɾa/	contra	/ˈkõ.tɾɐ/	contra	against, opposite
/ˈkwen.ta/	cuenta	/ˈkõ.tɐ/	conta	account, bill
/ˈkwen.to/	cuento	/ˈkõ.tu/	conto	tale, story
/ˈfwen.te/	fuente	/ˈfõ.tɨ/	fonte	fountain, spring
/on.ˈɾaɾ/	honrar	/õ.ˈɾaɾ/	honrar	to honor
/mon.ˈdaɾ/	mondar	/mõ.ˈdaɾ/	mondar	to peel, clean
/ˈpɾon.ta/	pronta	/ˈpɾõ.tɐ/	pronta	ready (f.)
/ˈpwen.te/	puente	/ˈpõ.tɨ/	ponte	bridge
/ˈtɾoŋ.ko/	tronco	/ˈtɾõ.ku/	tronco	trunk
/kon.ˈse.xo/	consejo	/kõ.ˈse.ʎu/	conselho	counsel, advice
/on.ˈɾa.ða/	honrada	/õ.ˈɾa.dɐ/	honrada	honored, honest (f.)
/mon.ˈda.ða/	mondada	/mõ.ˈda.dɐ/	mondada	cleaned (f.)
/mon.ˈta.na/	montana	/mõ.ˈta.nɐ/	montana	mountain (adj, f.)
/mon.ˈto.so/	montoso	/mõ.ˈto.zu/	montoso	mountainous
/re.ˈðon.da/	redonda	/ʁɨ.ˈdõ.dɐ/	redonda	round
/on.ɾa.ˈðoɾ/	honrador	/õ.ɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/	honrador	honorer
/mon.da.ˈðoɾ/	mondador	/mõ.dɐ.ˈdoɾ/	mondador	peeler, cleaner
/eŋ.kon.ˈtɾaɾ/	encontrar	/ẽ.kõ.ˈtɾaɾ/	encontrar	to find
/res.pon.ˈdeɾ/	responder	/ʁɨʃ.põ.ˈdeɾ/	responder	to answer
/ˈlweŋ.go/	luengo	/ˈlõ.gu/	longo	long (archaic)
/mon.ˈton/	montón	/mõ.ˈtɐ̃w/	montão	heap, pile
/mon.ˈta.ɲa/	montaña	/mõ.ˈtɐ.ɲɐ/	montanha	mountain
/on.ˈɾan.te/	honrante	/õ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	honrante	honoring
/mon.ˈdan.te/	mondante	/mõ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	mondante	cleaning, peeling
/kon.di.ˈθjon/	condición	/kõ.di.ˈsɐ̃w/	condição	condition
/mon.ˈta.ɲo.sa/	montañosa	/mõ.tɐ.ˈɲo.zɐ/	montanhosa	mountainous (f.)
/on.ˈɾan.do/	honrando	/õ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	honrando	honoring (gerund)
/mon.ˈdan.do/	mondando	/mõ.ˈdɐ̃.du/	mondando	cleaning, peeling (gerund)
/ˈon.dol/	ondol	/ˈõ.dul/	ondol	ondol, underfloor heating
/ˈon.sen/	onsen	/ˈõ.sẽ/	onsen	onsen
/ˈpon.θu/	ponzu	/ˈpõ.zu/	ponzu	ponzu, citrus sauce
/goŋ.ˈfu/	gongfu	/gõ.ˈfu/	gongfu	kung fu
/don.ˈbu.ɾi/	donburi	/dõ.ˈbu.ɾi/	donburi	donburi, rice bowl dish
/toŋ.ˈka.tsu/	tonkatsu	/tõ.ˈka.tsu/	tonkatsu	tonkatsu, pork cutlet
/bon.ˈsa.i/	bonsái	/bõ.ˈsaj/	bonsai	bonsai
/won.ˈton/	wonton	/wõ.ˈtõ/	wonton	wonton, dumpling
/me.ɾon.ˈpan/	melonpan	/mɨ.ɾõ.ˈpɐ̃/	melonpan	melonpan, sweet bun

→ /ũ/⟨un⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈfon.do/	fondo	/ˈfũ.du/	fundo	bottom

→ /õ/⟨onn⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kon.ˈʝa.ku/	konnyaku	/kõ.ˈa.ku/	konnyaku	konnyaku, konjac jelly

→ /õ/⟨on⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, not before two consonants · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/bo.lun.ˈtað/	voluntad	/võ.ˈta.dɨ/	vontade	will
/goŋ/	gong	/gõ/	gong	gong, struck percussion
/ˈu.ðon/	udon	/ˈu.dõ/	udon	udon
/ni.ˈon/	nihon	/ni.ˈõ/	nihon	Nihon, Japan
/won.ˈton/	wonton	/wõ.ˈtõ/	wonton	wonton, dumpling

→ /õ/⟨om⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, not before two consonants · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kon/	con	/kõ/	com	with
/ˈdo.no/	dono	/dõ/	dom	gift

→ /o/⟨o⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, not before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈbwe.na/	buena	/ˈbo.ɐ/	boa	good

→ /õg/⟨ong⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, not before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/goŋ/	gong	/ˈgõ.gu/	gongo	gong, struck percussion

→ /õn/⟨onn⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, not before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈo.ne/	honne	/ˈõ.nɨ/	honne	honne, true feelings

→ /õ/⟨ong⟩ · /olun, on, oŋ, wen, weŋ/, not before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/tʃi.ˈɣoŋ/	qigong	/tʃi.ˈgõ/	qigong	qigong

→ /õ/⟨om⟩ · /weno, om/ · 13

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈbwe.no/	bueno	/bõ/	bom	good
/rom.ˈpeɾ/	romper	/ʁõ.ˈpeɾ/	romper	to break
/kom.ˈpɾaɾ/	comprar	/kõ.ˈpɾaɾ/	comprar	to buy
/kom.ˈpɾa.ða/	comprada	/kõ.ˈpɾa.dɐ/	comprada	bought
/kom.pɾa.ˈðoɾ/	comprador	/kõ.pɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/	comprador	buyer
/kom.ˈpɾan.te/	comprante	/kõ.ˈpɾɐ̃.tɨ/	comprante	buying, buyer
/rom.ˈpjen.te/	rompiente	/ʁõ.ˈpẽ.tɨ/	rompente	breaking
/kom.ˈpɾan.do/	comprando	/kõ.ˈpɾɐ̃.du/	comprando	buying (gerund)
/rom.ˈpjen.do/	rompiendo	/ʁõ.ˈpẽ.du/	rompendo	breaking (gerund)
/om/	om	/õ/	om	om, sacred syllable
/ˈkom.bu/	kombu	/ˈkõ.bu/	kombu	kombu, edible kelp
/ʃa.ˈlom/	shalom	/ʃɐ.ˈlõ/	shalom	shalom
/kom.ˈbu.tʃa/	kombucha	/kõ.ˈbu.tʃɐ/	kombucha	kombucha

/un/⟨un, ún, oon⟩ → /ũ/16 pairs

source

→ /ũ/⟨un⟩ · before two consonants · 8

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈxun.ta/	junta	/ˈʒũ.tɐ/	junta	assembly, council
/ˈxun.to/	junto	/ˈʒũ.tu/	junto	joined, together
/ˈmun.do/	mundo	/ˈmũ.du/	mundo	world
/se.ˈɣun.da/	segunda	/sɨ.ˈgũ.dɐ/	segunda	second
/pɾo.ˈfun.da/	profunda	/pɾu.ˈfũ.dɐ/	profunda	deep
/pɾe.ɣun.ˈtaɾ/	preguntar	/pɨɾ.gũ.ˈtaɾ/	perguntar	to ask
/fun.ˈθjon/	función	/fũ.ˈsɐ̃w/	função	function
/mun.ˈda.na/	mundana	/mũ.ˈdɐ.nɐ/	mundana	worldly

→ /õ/⟨on⟩ · before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈpun.ta/	punta	/ˈpõ.tɐ/	ponta	point, tip

→ /ũ/⟨um⟩ · not before two consonants · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/un/	un	/ũ/	um	one, a/an (m. article)
/al.ˈɣu.no/	alguno	/aɫ.ˈgũ/	algum	some
/al.ˈɣun/	algún	/aɫ.ˈgũ/	algum	some (apocopated)
/a.ˈtun/	atún	/ɐ.ˈtũ/	atum	tuna
/ʃo.ˈɣun/	shogun	/ʃu.ˈgũ/	xogum	shogun, military dictator

→ /ũ/⟨oon⟩ · not before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/taj.ˈkun/	tycoon	/taj.ˈkũ/	tycoon	tycoon

→ /m/⟨m⟩ · not before two consonants · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈu.na/	una	/ˈu.mɐ/	uma	one (f.)

/oo, we/⟨ue, oho⟩ → /o, ɔ/24 pairs

source

→ /o/⟨o⟩ · 20

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈdwe.ɲo/	dueño	/ˈdo.nu/	dono	lord, master, owner
/ˈfwe.ɣo/	fuego	/ˈfo.gu/	fogo	fire
/ˈwe.so/	hueso	/ˈo.su/	osso	bone
/ˈwe.βo/	huevo	/ˈo.vu/	ovo	egg
/ˈxwe.ɣo/	juego	/ˈʒo.gu/	jogo	game
/ˈnwe.βo/	nuevo	/ˈno.vu/	novo	new
/ˈswe.ɲo/	sueño	/ˈso.nu/	sono	sleep, dream
/ˈkweɾ.no/	cuerno	/ˈkoɾ.nu/	corno	horn
/ˈkweɾ.po/	cuerpo	/ˈkoɾ.pu/	corpo	body
/ˈkweɾ.βo/	cuervo	/ˈkoɾ.vu/	corvo	raven, crow
/ˈgɾwe.so/	grueso	/ˈgɾo.su/	grosso	thick, big
/ˈweɾ.to/	huerto	/ˈoɾ.tu/	horto	garden, orchard
/ˈmweɾ.to/	muerto	/ˈmoɾ.tu/	morto	dead
/ˈpwe.βlo/	pueblo	/ˈpo.vu/	povo	people, town
/ˈpweɾ.ko/	puerco	/ˈpoɾ.ku/	porco	pig
/ˈpweɾ.to/	puerto	/ˈpoɾ.tu/	porto	harbor, port
/ˈpwes.to/	puesto	/ˈpoʃ.tu/	posto	placed, position
/ˈswel.do/	sueldo	/ˈsoɫ.du/	soldo	salary
/ˈnwes.tɾo/	nuestro	/ˈno.su/	nosso	our
/ˈbwes.tɾo/	vuestro	/ˈvo.su/	vosso	your (pl., familiar)

→ /ɔ/⟨o⟩ · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈlwe.ɣo/	luego	/ˈlɔ.gu/	logo	soon, then
/ˈswe.lo/	suelo	/ˈsɔ.lu/	solo	ground
/ˈkwe.ʎo/	cuello	/ˈkɔ.lu/	colo	neck

→ /ɔ/⟨oo⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.ko.ˈol/	alcohol	/ˈaɫ.kɔɫ/	álcool	alcohol

/we/⟨ue⟩ → /ɔ/19 pairs

source

→ /ɔ/⟨o⟩ · 18

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/nweθ/	nuez	/nɔʃ/	noz	nut, walnut
/ˈdwe.ɲa/	dueña	/ˈdɔ.nɐ/	dona	lady
/ˈnwe.βa/	nueva	/ˈnɔ.vɐ/	nova	new (f.)
/ˈnwe.βe/	nueve	/ˈnɔ.vɨ/	nove	nine
/ˈrwe.ða/	rueda	/ˈʁɔ.dɐ/	roda	wheel
/ˈfweɾ.te/	fuerte	/ˈfɔɾ.tɨ/	forte	strong
/ˈfweɾ.θa/	fuerza	/ˈfɔɾ.sɐ/	força	force, strength
/ˈgɾwe.sa/	gruesa	/ˈgɾɔ.sɐ/	grossa	thick, big
/ˈmwe.ʎe/	muelle	/ˈmɔ.lɨ/	mole	soft, spring, dock
/ˈmweɾ.ta/	muerta	/ˈmɔɾ.tɐ/	morta	dead
/ˈmweɾ.te/	muerte	/ˈmɔɾ.tɨ/	morte	death
/ˈpweɾ.ka/	puerca	/ˈpɔɾ.kɐ/	porca	sow, dirty (f.)
/ˈpweɾ.ta/	puerta	/ˈpɔɾ.tɐ/	porta	gate, door
/ˈsweɾ.te/	suerte	/ˈsɔɾ.tɨ/	sorte	luck, fate
/es.ˈkwe.la/	escuela	/iʃ.ˈkɔ.lɐ/	escola	school
/ˈnwes.tɾa/	nuestra	/ˈnɔ.sɐ/	nossa	our
/ˈbwes.tɾa/	vuestra	/ˈvɔ.sɐ/	vossa	your (pl., familiar, f.)
/ˈwes.te/	hueste	/ˈɔʃ.tɨ/	hoste	army, host (archaic)

→ /uɛ/⟨ue⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/kɾwel/	cruel	/kɾu.ˈɛɫ/	cruel	cruel

/el, wej, jeo, ano, ok, anw, anto, oɾo/⟨ano, oc, el, uey, ieo, anw, anto, oro⟩ → /ɐ̃w, ow, oj, ɛw/20 pairs

source

→ /ɐ̃w/⟨ão⟩ · /ano, anto, anw/ · 11

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈma.no/	mano	/mɐ̃w/	mão	hand
/ˈsa.no/	sano	/sɐ̃w/	são	healthy
/ˈba.no/	vano	/vɐ̃w/	vão	empty, vain
/ˈgɾa.no/	grano	/gɾɐ̃w/	grão	grain
/ˈʎa.no/	llano	/ʃɐ̃w/	chão	flat, plain
/ˈtan.to/	tanto	/tɐ̃w/	tão	so much
/be.ˈɾa.no/	verano	/vɨ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	verão	summer
/eɾ.ˈma.no/	hermano	/iɾ.ˈmɐ̃w/	irmão	brother
/bi.ˈʎa.no/	villano	/vi.ˈlɐ̃w/	vilão	serf, villain
/kɾist.ˈja.no/	cristiano	/kɾiʃ.ˈtɐ̃w/	cristão	Christian
/es.kɾi.ˈβa.no/	escribano	/iʃ.kɾi.ˈvɐ̃w/	escrivão	scribe, notary

→ /ɐ̃w/⟨anw⟩ · /ano, anto, anw/ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈman.wa/	manhwa	/ˈmɐ̃w.ɐ/	manhwa	manhwa, Korean comics

→ /ow/⟨ou⟩ · /el, wej, jeo, ok, oɾo/ · 3

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/te.ˈso.ɾo/	tesoro	/tɨ.ˈzow.ɾu/	tesouro	treasure, hoard
/ok.ˈtu.βɾe/	octubre	/ow.ˈtu.bɾu/	outubro	October
/dok.ˈtɾi.na/	doctrina	/dow.ˈtɾi.nɐ/	doutrina	doctrine

→ /oj/⟨oi⟩ · /el, wej, jeo, ok, oɾo/ · 2

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/bwej/	buey	/boj/	boi	ox, bull
/ok.ˈta.βa/	octava	/oj.ˈta.vɐ/	oitava	eighth, octave (f.)

→ /ɛw/⟨e⟩ · /el, wej, jeo, ok, oɾo/ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ba.ˈɣel/	bagel	/ba.ˈʒɛw/	bagel	bagel

→ /ɛw/⟨é⟩ · /el, wej, jeo, ok, oɾo/ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈθje.lo/	cielo	/sɛw/	céu	sky

→ /oj/⟨o⟩ · /el, wej, jeo, ok, oɾo/ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/dok.ˈtoɾ/	doctor	/doj.ˈtoɾ/	doutor	doctor