B-v-pt

This chapter in the Latin American edition: Chapter 4b.6

443 cognate pairs

/b, v, fv/⟨v, b, fv, w⟩ → /β/247 pairs

source

→ /β/⟨v⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 106

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈa.βe/	ave	/ˈa.vɨ/	ave	bird
/ˈu.βa/	uva	/ˈu.vɐ/	uva	grape
/ˈna.βe/	nave	/ˈna.vɨ/	nave	ship
/ˈbi.βa/	viva	/ˈvi.vɐ/	viva	alive (f.)
/ˈkal.βa/	calva	/ˈkaɫ.vɐ/	calva	bald (f.)
/ka.ˈβaɾ/	cavar	/kɐ.ˈvaɾ/	cavar	to dig
/θi.ˈβil/	civil	/si.ˈviɫ/	civil	civil
/fa.ˈβoɾ/	favor	/fɐ.ˈvoɾ/	favor	favor
/ˈgɾa.βe/	grave	/ˈgɾa.vɨ/	grave	heavy, serious
/la.ˈβaɾ/	lavar	/lɐ.ˈvaɾ/	lavar	to wash
/ˈʎa.βe/	llave	/ˈʃa.vɨ/	chave	key
/mo.ˈβeɾ/	mover	/mu.ˈveɾ/	mover	to move
/na.ˈβal/	naval	/nɐ.ˈvaɫ/	naval	naval
/o.ˈli.βa/	oliva	/u.ˈli.vɐ/	oliva	olive
/ˈa.βi.ða/	ávida	/ˈa.vi.dɐ/	ávida	greedy, eager (f.)
/ak.ˈti.βa/	activa	/ɐ.ˈti.vɐ/	ativa	active (f.)
/bo.ˈβi.na/	bovina	/bu.ˈvi.nɐ/	bovina	bovine
/ka.ˈβa.ða/	cavada	/kɐ.ˈva.dɐ/	cavada	dug (f.)
/ˈθi.βi.ka/	cívica	/ˈsi.vi.kɐ/	cívica	civic
/feɾ.ˈβoɾ/	fervor	/fɨɾ.ˈvoɾ/	fervor	heat, fervor
/la.ˈβa.ða/	lavada	/lɐ.ˈva.dɐ/	lavada	washed
/ʎe.ˈβaɾ/	llevar	/lɨ.ˈvaɾ/	levar	to carry, take
/ʎo.ˈβeɾ/	llover	/ʃu.ˈveɾ/	chover	to rain
/ˈʎu.βja/	lluvia	/ˈʃu.vɐ/	chuva	rain
/ˈli.βi.ða/	lívida	/ˈli.vi.dɐ/	lívida	livid (f.)
/mo.ˈti.βa/	motiva	/mu.ˈti.vɐ/	motiva	motive (f.)
/ok.ˈta.βa/	octava	/oj.ˈta.vɐ/	oitava	eighth, octave (f.)
/pa.ˈsi.βa/	pasiva	/pɐ.ˈsi.vɐ/	passiva	passive (f.)
/pɾi.ˈβaɾ/	privar	/pɾi.ˈvaɾ/	privar	to deprive
/sal.ˈβaɾ/	salvar	/saɫ.ˈvaɾ/	salvar	to save
/seɾ.ˈβiɾ/	servir	/sɨɾ.ˈviɾ/	servir	to serve
/ˈbi.βi.ða/	vívida	/ˈvi.vi.dɐ/	vívida	vivid, lively (f.)
/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/	abusiva	/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/	abusiva	abusive (f.)
/ka.βa.ˈðoɾ/	cavador	/kɐ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	cavador	digger
/θeɾ.ˈβi.na/	cervina	/sɨɾ.ˈvi.nɐ/	cervina	deer-like
/la.βa.ˈðoɾ/	lavador	/lɐ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	lavador	washer
/le.βe.ˈðað/	levedad	/lɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	levidade	lightness, levity
/ʎe.ˈβa.ða/	llevada	/lɨ.ˈva.dɐ/	levada	carried, taken (f.)
/neɾ.ˈβo.so/	nervoso	/nɨɾ.ˈvo.zu/	nervoso	nervous
/pɾi.ˈβa.ða/	privada	/pɾi.ˈva.dɐ/	privada	private, deprived (f.)
/sal.ˈβa.ða/	salvada	/saɫ.ˈva.dɐ/	salvada	saved (f.)
/seɾ.ˈβi.ða/	servida	/sɨɾ.ˈvi.dɐ/	servida	served (f.)
/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/	brevedad	/bɾɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	brevidade	brevity
/kɾe.a.ˈti.βa/	creativa	/kɾi.ɐ.ˈti.vɐ/	criativa	creative (f.)
/fa.βo.ˈɾo.so/	favoroso	/fɐ.vu.ˈɾo.zu/	favoroso	favorable
/gɾa.βe.ˈðað/	gravedad	/gɾɐ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	gravidade	gravity, seriousness
/ʎe.βa.ˈðoɾ/	llevador	/lɨ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	levador	carrier
/ʎuβ.ˈjo.sa/	lluviosa	/ʃu.ˈvo.zɐ/	chuvosa	rainy (f.)
/po.si.ˈti.βa/	positiva	/pu.zi.ˈti.vɐ/	positiva	positive (f.)
/pɾi.βa.ˈðoɾ/	privador	/pɾi.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	privador	depriver
/sal.βa.ˈðoɾ/	salvador	/saɫ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	salvador	savior
/ka.βeɾ.ˈno.so/	cavernoso	/kɐ.vɨɾ.ˈno.zu/	cavernoso	cavernous
/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.so/	fervoroso	/fɨɾ.vu.ˈɾo.zu/	fervoroso	fervent, ardent
/ʎa.ma.ˈti.βo/	llamativo	/ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈti.vu/	chamativo	eye-catching, attention-grabbing
/ˈle.βe/	leve	/ˈlɛ.vɨ/	leve	light
/a.ˈβe.na/	avena	/ɐ.ˈvɐj.ɐ/	aveia	oats
/ˈbɾe.βe/	breve	/ˈbɾɛ.vɨ/	breve	brief
/ˈwe.βo/	huevo	/ˈo.vu/	ovo	egg
/ˈxo.βen/	joven	/ˈʒɔ.vɐ̃j/	jovem	young person
/ˈnje.βe/	nieve	/ˈnɛ.vɨ/	neve	snow
/ˈno.βja/	novia	/ˈnoj.vɐ/	noiva	girlfriend, bride
/ˈno.βjo/	novio	/ˈnoj.vu/	noivo	boyfriend, groom
/ˈnwe.βa/	nueva	/ˈnɔ.vɐ/	nova	new (f.)
/ˈnwe.βe/	nueve	/ˈnɔ.vɨ/	nove	nine
/ˈo.βe.xa/	oveja	/ˈɔ.vɨ.ʎɐ/	ovelha	sheep
/bi.ˈβiɾ/	vivir	/vi.ˈveɾ/	viver	to live
/ˈθjeɾ.βa/	cierva	/ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/	cerva	doe
/ˈθjeɾ.βo/	ciervo	/ˈseɾ.vu/	cervo	deer
/ˈkweɾ.βo/	cuervo	/ˈkoɾ.vu/	corvo	raven, crow
/eɾ.ˈβiɾ/	hervir	/fɨɾ.ˈveɾ/	ferver	to boil
/ˈsjeɾ.βa/	sierva	/ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/	serva	female servant
/ka.ˈβan.te/	cavante	/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	cavante	digging
/la.ˈβan.te/	lavante	/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	lavante	washing
/le.ˈβan.te/	levante	/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	levante	east, the Levant
/ʎa.ˈβe.ɾo/	llavero	/ʃɐ.ˈvej.ɾu/	chaveiro	key ring, key holder
/no.ˈβen.ta/	noventa	/nu.ˈvẽ.tɐ/	noventa	ninety
/sil.ˈβa.na/	silvana	/siɫ.ˈvɐ.nɐ/	silvana	sylvan
/a.βe.ˈʎa.na/	avellana	/ɐ.vɨ.ˈlɐ̃/	avelã	hazelnut
/de.βo.ˈθjon/	devoción	/dɨ.vu.ˈsɐ̃w/	devoção	devotion
/mo.ˈβjen.te/	moviente	/mu.ˈvẽ.tɨ/	movente	moving
/pɾi.ˈβan.te/	privante	/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	privante	depriving
/sal.ˈβan.te/	salvante	/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	salvante	saving
/bi.ˈβjen.te/	viviente	/vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/	vivente	living, alive
/feɾ.ˈβjen.te/	ferviente	/fɨɾ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/	fervente	fervent, ardent
/no.ˈβjem.bɾe/	noviembre	/nu.ˈvẽ.bɾu/	novembro	November
/ka.ˈβan.do/	cavando	/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	cavando	digging (gerund)
/la.ˈβan.do/	lavando	/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	lavando	washing (gerund)
/le.ˈβan.do/	levando	/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	levando	lifting (gerund)
/pɾi.ˈβan.do/	privando	/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.du/	privando	depriving (gerund)
/sal.ˈβan.do/	salvando	/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.du/	salvando	saving (gerund)
/ˈde.βa/	deva	/ˈde.vɐ/	deva	deva, Hindu god
/ˈde.βi/	devi	/ˈde.vi/	devi	devi, Hindu goddess
/ˈxi.βa/	jiva	/ˈʒi.vɐ/	jiva	jiva
/kβas/	kvas	/kvaʃ/	kvas	kvas
/kβas/	kvas	/kvaʃ/	kvass	kvas
/ˈse.βa/	seva	/ˈse.vɐ/	seva	seva, selfless service
/ˈal.βa/	halva	/ˈaɫ.vɐ/	halva	halva
/ˈʃi.βa/	shiva	/ˈʃi.vɐ/	shiva	Shiva, Hindu deity
/ˈsβa.a/	svaha	/ˈʒva.ɐ/	svaha	svaha, ritual mantra ending
/a.βa.ˈtaɾ/	avatar	/ɐ.vɐ.ˈtaɾ/	avatar	avatar
/ad.βaj.ˈta/	advaita	/ɐd.vɐj.ˈta/	advaita	advaita, non-duality
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/	baclava	baklava
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/	baklava	baklava
/sa.mo.ˈβaɾ/	samovar	/sɐ.mu.ˈvaɾ/	samovar	samovar
/ka.ɾa.ˈβa.na/	caravana	/kɐ.ɾɐ.ˈva.nɐ/	caravana	caravan
/di.ˈβan/	diván	/di.ˈvɐ̃/	divã	divan, couch

→ /β/⟨b⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 36

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈal.βa/	alba	/ˈaɫ.vɐ/	alva	dawn
/ˈal.βo/	albo	/ˈaɫ.vu/	alvo	white (rare/poetic)
/ˈθe.βo/	cebo	/ˈse.vu/	cevo	bait
/ˈa.βa/	haba	/ˈfa.vɐ/	fava	broad bean
/ˈnu.βe/	nube	/ˈnu.vɐ̃j/	nuvem	cloud
/de.ˈβeɾ/	deber	/dɨ.ˈveɾ/	dever	to owe
/a.ˈβeɾ/	haber	/ɐ.ˈveɾ/	haver	to have
/la.ˈβoɾ/	labor	/lɐ.ˈvoɾ/	lavor	labor, work
/ˈli.βɾe/	libre	/ˈli.vɾɨ/	livre	free
/ˈli.βɾo/	libro	/ˈli.vɾu/	livro	book
/ˈaɾ.βol/	árbol	/ˈaɾ.vu.ɾɨ/	árvore	tree
/li.ˈβɾaɾ/	librar	/li.ˈvɾaɾ/	livrar	to free, save, deliver
/pɾo.ˈβaɾ/	probar	/pɾu.ˈvaɾ/	provar	to test, prove, try
/ka.ˈβa.ʎa/	caballa	/kɐ.ˈva.lɐ/	cavala	mackerel (semantic shift)
/ka.ˈβa.ʎo/	caballo	/kɐ.ˈva.lu/	cavalo	horse
/pa.ˈla.βɾa/	palabra	/pɐ.ˈla.vɾɐ/	palavra	word
/pɾo.ˈβa.ða/	probada	/pɾu.ˈva.dɐ/	provada	proven, tested
/li.βɾa.ˈðoɾ/	librador	/li.vɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/	livrador	deliverer
/pɾo.βa.ˈðoɾ/	probador	/pɾu.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/	provador	tester, fitting room
/kaɾ.ˈβon/	carbón	/kɐɾ.ˈvɐ̃w/	carvão	coal
/ˈjeɾ.βa/	hierba	/ˈɛɾ.vɐ/	erva	grass
/fe.ˈβɾe.ɾo/	febrero	/fɨ.vɨ.ˈɾej.ɾu/	fevereiro	February
/ta.ˈβeɾ.na/	taberna	/tɐ.ˈvɛɾ.nɐ/	taverna	tavern
/be.ˈβjen.te/	bebiente	/bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/	bevente	drinking
/de.ˈβjen.te/	debiente	/dɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/	devente	owing
/es.kɾi.ˈβiɾ/	escribir	/iʃ.kɾɨ.ˈveɾ/	escrever	to write
/pɾo.ˈβan.te/	probante	/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/	provante	proving
/ka.βa.ˈʎe.ɾo/	caballero	/kɐ.vɐ.ˈlej.ɾu/	cavaleiro	knight, gentleman
/es.kɾi.ˈβa.no/	escribano	/iʃ.kɾi.ˈvɐ̃w/	escrivão	scribe, notary
/pɾo.ˈβan.do/	probando	/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.du/	provando	proving, trying (gerund)
/al.ˈxa.βa/	aljaba	/aɫ.ˈʒa.vɐ/	aljava	quiver
/xa.βa.ˈli/	jabalí	/ʒɐ.vɐ.ˈli/	javali	wild boar
/al.ˈβej.taɾ/	albéitar	/aɫ.ˈvej.tɐɾ/	alveitar	veterinarian (archaic; modern Spanish uses 'veterinario')
/al.βa.ˈʝal.de/	albayalde	/aɫ.vɐj.ˈa.dɨ/	alvaiade	white lead pigment (archaic)
/al.ˈko.βa/	alcoba	/aɫ.ˈkɔ.vɐ/	alcova	alcove, bedroom
/sa.ˈβa.na/	sabana	/sɐ.ˈva.nɐ/	savana	sabana

→ /b/⟨v⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 5

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈbiʃ.ba/	vishva	/ˈviʃ.vɐ/	vishva	vishva, the universe
/mits.ˈba/	mitzvah	/mits.ˈva/	mitzvah	mitzvah, commandment
/niɾ.ˈba.na/	nirvana	/niɾ.ˈva.nɐ/	nirvana	nirvana
/ˈpaɾ.ba.ti/	parvati	/ˈpaɾ.vɐ.ti/	parvati	Parvati, Hindu goddess
/deɾ.ˈbi.tʃe/	derviche	/dɨɾ.ˈvi.ʃɨ/	derviche	derviche

→ /βl/⟨bl⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈpwe.βlo/	pueblo	/ˈpo.vu/	povo	people, town

→ /b/⟨b⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/soɾ.ˈbe.te/	sorbete	/suɾ.ˈve.tɨ/	sorvete	sorbete

→ /β/⟨b⟩ · ⟨b, fv, w⟩ · 86

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈβað/	abad	/ɐ.ˈba.dɨ/	abade	abbot
/ˈka.βo/	cabo	/ˈka.bu/	cabo	cape, end, edge
/ˈlo.βa/	loba	/ˈlo.bɐ/	loba	she-wolf
/ˈlo.βo/	lobo	/ˈlo.bu/	lobo	wolf
/ˈri.βa/	riba	/ˈʁi.vɐ/	riba	shore (rare; 'ribera' or 'orilla' more common)
/a.ˈβe.xa/	abeja	/ɐ.ˈbe.ʎɐ/	abelha	bee
/a.ˈβɾil/	abril	/ɐ.ˈbɾiɫ/	abril	April
/a.ˈβɾiɾ/	abrir	/ɐ.ˈbɾiɾ/	abrir	to open
/ˈbaɾ.βa/	barba	/ˈbaɾ.bɐ/	barba	beard
/be.ˈβeɾ/	beber	/bɨ.ˈbeɾ/	beber	to drink
/ˈka.βɾa/	cabra	/ˈka.bɾɐ/	cabra	goat
/ˈli.βɾa/	libra	/ˈli.bɾɐ/	libra	pound
/sa.ˈβeɾ/	saber	/sɐ.ˈbeɾ/	saber	to know
/sa.ˈβoɾ/	sabor	/sɐ.ˈboɾ/	sabor	taste, flavor
/ˈso.βɾe/	sobre	/ˈso.bɾɨ/	sobre	on, over
/su.ˈβiɾ/	subir	/su.ˈbiɾ/	subir	to climb
/ˈbeɾ.βo/	verbo	/ˈveɾ.bu/	verbo	verb, word
/a.ka.ˈβaɾ/	acabar	/ɐ.kɐ.ˈbaɾ/	acabar	to finish
/ka.ˈβe.θa/	cabeza	/kɐ.ˈbe.sɐ/	cabeça	head
/ˈku.βi.to/	cúbito	/ˈku.bi.tu/	cúbito	cubit (ulna bone)
/ˈra.βi.ða/	rábida	/ˈʁa.bi.dɐ/	rábida	rabid (f.)
/ˈsa.βa.ðo/	sábado	/ˈsa.bɐ.du/	sábado	Saturday
/ˈsu.βi.to/	súbito	/ˈsu.bi.tu/	súbito	sudden
/tuɾ.ˈβaɾ/	turbar	/tuɾ.ˈbaɾ/	turbar	to disturb
/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/	abusiva	/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/	abusiva	abusive (f.)
/baɾ.ˈβa.ða/	barbada	/bɐɾ.ˈba.dɐ/	barbada	bearded
/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾa/	barbara	/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾɐ/	barbara	barbarian
/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾo/	bárbaro	/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾu/	bárbaro	barbarian
/ka.ˈβe.ʎo/	cabello	/kɐ.ˈbe.lu/	cabelo	hair
/ˈfa.βɾi.ka/	fábrica	/ˈfa.bɾi.kɐ/	fábrica	factory
/glo.ˈβo.so/	globoso	/glu.ˈbo.zu/	globoso	globular
/eɾ.ˈβo.so/	herboso	/ɨɾ.ˈbo.zu/	herboso	grassy
/moɾ.ˈβo.so/	morboso	/muɾ.ˈbo.zu/	morboso	sickly, morbid
/ok.ˈtu.βɾe/	octubre	/ow.ˈtu.bɾu/	outubro	October
/ro.ˈβus.ta/	robusta	/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tɐ/	robusta	robust, strong (f.)
/so.ˈβɾi.no/	sobrino	/su.ˈbɾi.ɲu/	sobrinho	nephew
/tuɾ.ˈβa.ða/	turbada	/tuɾ.ˈba.dɐ/	turbada	disturbed (f.)
/li.βe.ˈɾa.ða/	liberada	/li.bɨ.ˈɾa.dɐ/	liberada	freed, liberated
/li.βeɾ.ˈtað/	libertad	/li.bɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/	liberdade	liberty
/tɾa.βa.ˈxaɾ/	trabajar	/tɾɐ.bɐ.ˈʎaɾ/	trabalhar	to work
/tuɾ.βa.ˈðoɾ/	turbador	/tuɾ.bɐ.ˈdoɾ/	turbador	disturber
/te.ne.ˈβɾo.so/	tenebroso	/tɨ.nɨ.ˈbɾo.zu/	tenebroso	dark, gloomy
/ˈo.βɾa/	obra	/ˈɔ.bɾɐ/	obra	work
/ˈpo.βɾe/	pobre	/ˈpɔ.bɾɨ/	pobre	poor
/ka.ˈβa.ɲa/	cabaña	/kɐ.ˈbɐ.nɐ/	cabana	hut, cabin
/ˈlje.βɾe/	liebre	/ˈlɛ.bɾɨ/	lebre	hare
/uɾ.ˈβa.na/	urbana	/uɾ.ˈbɐ.nɐ/	urbana	urban
/a.ˈβjeɾ.ta/	abierta	/ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tɐ/	aberta	opened (f.)
/ˈmoɾ.βi.ða/	mórbida	/ˈmɔɾ.bi.dɐ/	mórbida	morbid (f.)
/tuɾ.ˈβan.te/	turbante	/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.tɨ/	turbante	disturbing
/li.βe.ˈɾan.te/	liberante	/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/	liberante	freeing
/tuɾ.ˈβan.do/	turbando	/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.du/	turbando	disturbing (gerund)
/li.βe.ˈɾan.do/	liberando	/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/	liberando	freeing (gerund)
/al.ˈda.βa/	aldaba	/aɫ.ˈdɾa.bɐ/	aldraba	door knocker, latch
/a.ra.ˈβal/	arrabal	/ɐ.ʁɐ.ˈbaɫ.dɨ/	arrabalde	suburb
/es.ˈtɾi.βo/	estribo	/iʃ.ˈtɾi.bu/	estribo	stirrup
/ˈal.xe.βɾa/	álgebra	/ˈaɫ.ʒɨ.bɾɐ/	álgebra	algebra
/al.βoɾ.ˈnoθ/	albornoz	/aɫ.buɾ.ˈnoʃ/	albornoz	hooded cloak, bathrobe
/a.ˈro.βa/	arroba	/ɐ.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	arroba	@ symbol
/al.βa.ˈko.ɾa/	albacora	/aɫ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɾɐ/	albacora	yellowfin tuna
/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/	algarroba	/aɫ.fɐ.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/	alfarroba	carob
/ta.ˈβu/	tabú	/tɐ.ˈbu/	tabu	taboo
/ke.ˈβab/	kebab	/kɛ.ˈba.bɨ/	kebab	kebab
/ro.ˈβot/	robot	/ʁu.ˈbo/	robô	robot
/ka.ɾi.ˈβu/	caribu	/kɐ.ɾi.ˈbu/	caribu	caribú, North American reindeer
/ka.ɾi.ˈβu/	caribú	/kɐ.ɾi.ˈbu/	caribu	caribou
/ˈka.βa.la/	cábala	/ˈka.bɐ.lɐ/	cábala	cábala
/xa.ˈle.βi/	jalebi	/ʒɐ.ˈle.bi/	jalebi	jalebi, fried sweet
/ka.ˈβu.ki/	kabuki	/kɐ.ˈbu.ki/	kabuki	kabuki
/ki.ˈβuts/	kibutz	/ki.ˈbuts/	kibutz	kibutz, Israeli collective
/ˈsu.mi.βi/	sumibi	/ˈsu.mi.bi/	sumibi	sumibi, charcoal grilling
/ta.ˈβa.ko/	tabaco	/tɐ.ˈba.ku/	tabaco	tobacco
/wa.ˈsa.βi/	wasabi	/wɐ.ˈsa.bi/	wasabi	wasabi
/ˈtʃe.βol/	chaebol	/ˈʃe.bɔl/	chaebol	chaebol, Korean conglomerate
/i.ˈβa.tʃi/	hibachi	/i.ˈba.tʃi/	hibachi	hibachi
/i.ke.ˈβa.na/	ikebana	/i.kɨ.ˈba.nɐ/	ikebana	ikebana
/ba.ˈβuʃ.ka/	babushka	/bɐ.ˈbuʃ.kɐ/	babushka	babushka
/bi.βim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	/bi.bim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	bibimbap
/u.me.ˈβo.ʃi/	umeboshi	/u.mɨ.ˈbo.ʃi/	umeboshi	umeboshi, pickled plum
/θaj.ˈβa.tsu/	zaibatsu	/zaj.ˈba.tsu/	zaibatsu	zaibatsu
/no.ˈɾe.βan/	noraebang	/nu.ˈɾe.bɐ̃/	noraebang	noraebang, karaoke room
/wa.βi.ˈsa.βi/	wabi-sabi	/wɐ.bi.ˈsa.bi/	wabi-sabi	wabi-sabi
/ˈo.βi/	obi	/ˈɔ.bi/	obi	obi, kimono sash
/ˈso.βa/	soba	/ˈsɔ.bɐ/	soba	soba, buckwheat noodle
/ʃi.ˈβo.ɾi/	shibori	/ʃi.ˈbɔ.ɾi/	shibori	shibori, Japanese tie-dye
/ti.βu.ˈɾon/	tiburón	/tu.bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	tubarão	shark

→ /b/⟨b⟩ · ⟨b, fv, w⟩ · 8

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈgam.ba/	gamba	/ˈgɐm.bɐ/	gamba	shrimp (re-borrowed from Italian; native Iberian form displaced)
/ob.ˈxe.to/	objeto	/ub.ˈʒɛ.tu/	objeto	object
/ˈki.bla/	qibla	/ˈki.blɐ/	qibla	qibla, prayer direction
/ke.ˈβab/	kebab	/kɛ.ˈba.bɨ/	kebab	kebab
/ˈmuk.ban/	mukbang	/ˈmuk.bɐ̃/	mukbang	mukbang, eating broadcast
/bi.βim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	/bi.bim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	bibimbap
/baɾ.ba.ˈko.a/	barbacoa	/bɐɾ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɐ/	barbacoa	barbecue, grill
/tuɾ.ˈban.te/	turbante	/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.tɨ/	turbante	turban, headwrap

→ /βe/⟨be⟩ · ⟨b, fv, w⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ˈðo.βe/	adobe	/ɐ.ˈdo.bɨ/	adobe	adobe brick

→ /ɣw/⟨gu⟩ · ⟨b, fv, w⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/a.ɣwa.ˈka.te/	aguacate	/ɐ.bɐ.ˈka.tɨ/	abacate	avocado

→ /β/⟨bh⟩ · ⟨b, fv, w⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/al.βa.ˈa.ka/	albahaca	/aɫ.fɐ.ˈva.kɐ/	alfavaca	basil

→ /b/⟨w⟩ · ⟨b, fv, w⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/sa.ɾas.ˈba.ti/	saraswati	/sɐ.ɾɐʒ.ˈva.ti/	saraswati	Saraswati, Hindu goddess

/b, v/⟨v, b, w⟩ → /b/196 pairs

source

→ /b/⟨v⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 115

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/beɾ/	ver	/veɾ/	ver	to see
/beθ/	vez	/veʃ/	vez	turn, time
/ˈbi.a/	vía	/ˈvi.ɐ/	via	way, road, route
/bið/	vid	/ˈvi.dɨ/	vide	vine
/ˈba.ka/	vaca	/ˈva.kɐ/	vaca	cow
/ˈba.so/	vaso	/ˈva.zu/	vaso	vessel
/ˈbe.ɾa/	vera	/ˈve.ɾɐ/	vera	true (f., literary)
/ˈbi.ða/	vida	/ˈvi.dɐ/	vida	life
/ˈbi.no/	vino	/ˈvi.ɲu/	vinho	wine
/ˈbi.so/	viso	/ˈvi.zu/	viso	view, glimpse, appearance
/ˈbi.βa/	viva	/ˈvi.vɐ/	viva	alive (f.)
/ˈbi.ɲa/	viña	/ˈvi.ɲɐ/	vinha	vineyard
/ba.ˈθi.o/	vacío	/vɐ.ˈzi.u/	vazio	empty
/ba.ˈɣaɾ/	vagar	/vɐ.ˈgaɾ/	vagar	to wander, roam
/ba.ˈleɾ/	valer	/vɐ.ˈleɾ/	valer	to be worth
/ˈba.ʎe/	valle	/ˈva.lɨ/	vale	valley
/ba.ˈloɾ/	valor	/vɐ.ˈloɾ/	valor	value
/ba.ˈpoɾ/	vapor	/vɐ.ˈpoɾ/	vapor	vapor, steam
/be.ˈðaɾ/	vedar	/vɨ.ˈdaɾ/	vedar	to forbid, prohibit
/be.ˈlaɾ/	velar	/vɨ.ˈlaɾ/	velar	to veil, watch over
/be.ˈɾaθ/	veraz	/vɨ.ˈɾaʃ/	veraz	truthful
/ˈbeɾ.βo/	verbo	/ˈveɾ.bu/	verbo	verb, word
/ˈbeɾ.ðe/	verde	/ˈveɾ.dɨ/	verde	green
/ˈbeɾ.ɣa/	verga	/ˈveɾ.gɐ/	verga	rod, switch
/ˈbja.xe/	viaje	/vi.ˈa.ʒɐ̃j/	viagem	journey, trip
/bi.ˈɣoɾ/	vigor	/vi.ˈgoɾ/	vigor	vigor, strength
/ˈbi.ʎa/	villa	/ˈvi.lɐ/	vila	town, villa
/bi.ˈtal/	vital	/vi.ˈtaɫ/	vital	vital
/bo.ˈkal/	vocal	/vu.ˈkaɫ/	vocal	vocal, vowel
/bo.ˈlaɾ/	volar	/vu.ˈaɾ/	voar	to fly
/bo.ˈɾaθ/	voraz	/vu.ˈɾaʃ/	voraz	voracious
/bo.ˈtaɾ/	votar	/vu.ˈtaɾ/	votar	to vote
/ba.ˈɣa.ða/	vagada	/vɐ.ˈga.dɐ/	vagada	wandered (f.)
/be.ˈθi.na/	vecina	/vi.ˈzi.ɲɐ/	vizinha	neighbor
/be.ˈla.ðo/	velado	/vɨ.ˈla.du/	velado	veiled, watched over
/ben.ˈθeɾ/	vencer	/vẽ.ˈseɾ/	vencer	to conquer
/ben.ˈdeɾ/	vender	/vẽ.ˈdeɾ/	vender	to sell
/be.ˈne.no/	veneno	/vɨ.ˈne.nu/	veneno	poison
/be.ˈno.so/	venoso	/vɨ.ˈno.zu/	venoso	veiny
/beɾ.ˈðað/	verdad	/vɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/	verdade	truth
/beɾ.ˈteɾ/	verter	/vɨɾ.ˈteɾ/	verter	to pour, shed
/bes.ˈtiɾ/	vestir	/vɨʃ.ˈtiɾ/	vestir	to dress, clothe
/ˈbi.ðɾjo/	vidrio	/ˈvi.dɾu/	vidro	glass
/bi.ˈno.so/	vinoso	/vi.ˈno.zu/	vinoso	vinous, wine-like
/ˈbiɾ.xen/	virgen	/ˈviɾ.ʒɐ̃j/	virgem	virgin
/bi.ˈɾo.so/	viroso	/vi.ˈɾo.zu/	viroso	poisonous, viral
/biɾ.ˈtuð/	virtud	/viɾ.ˈtu.dɨ/	virtude	virtue
/bo.ˈla.ða/	volada	/vu.ˈa.dɐ/	voada	flown (f.)
/bo.ˈta.ða/	votada	/vu.ˈta.dɐ/	votada	voted, vowed (f.)
/ˈba.li.ða/	válida	/ˈva.li.dɐ/	válida	valid (f.)
/ˈbi.βi.ða/	vívida	/ˈvi.vi.dɐ/	vívida	vivid, lively (f.)
/ba.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/	vagador	/vɐ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/	vagador	wanderer (rare)
/ba.ni.ˈðað/	vanidad	/vɐ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/	vanidade	vanity
/be.la.ˈðoɾ/	velador	/vɨ.lɐ.ˈdoɾ/	velador	watcher, night-table
/be.na.ˈðoɾ/	venador	/vɨ.nɐ.ˈdoɾ/	venador	hunter
/ben.ˈto.so/	ventoso	/vẽ.ˈto.zu/	ventoso	windy
/bes.ˈti.ða/	vestida	/vɨʃ.ˈti.dɐ/	vestida	dressed
/bes.ˈti.ðo/	vestido	/vɨʃ.ˈti.du/	vestido	dress, garment
/bo.la.ˈðoɾ/	volador	/vu.ɐ.ˈdoɾ/	voador	flier, flying
/bol.ˈta.ða/	voltada	/voɫ.ˈta.dɐ/	voltada	turned, flipped (f.)
/bo.ta.ˈðoɾ/	votador	/vu.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/	votador	voter
/ba.lo.ˈɾo.so/	valoroso	/vɐ.lu.ˈɾo.zu/	valoroso	valorous, brave
/ba.po.ˈɾo.so/	vaporoso	/vɐ.pu.ˈɾo.zu/	vaporoso	vaporous, steamy
/bol.ta.ˈðoɾ/	voltador	/voɫ.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/	voltador	flipper, somersaulter
/bo.lun.ˈtað/	voluntad	/võ.ˈta.dɨ/	vontade	will
/bes.peɾ.ˈti.na/	vespertina	/vɨʃ.pɨɾ.ˈti.nɐ/	vespertina	evening, vespertine (f.)
/boθ/	voz	/vɔʃ/	voz	voice
/ˈba.na/	vana	/vɐ̃/	vã	vain
/ˈbe.la/	vela	/ˈvɛ.lɐ/	vela	candle
/ˈbe.na/	vena	/ˈvej.ɐ/	veia	vein
/ˈbo.to/	voto	/ˈvɔ.tu/	voto	vow
/ˈbeɾ.me/	verme	/ˈvɛɾ.mɨ/	verme	worm (medical/technical)
/ˈbeɾ.so/	verso	/ˈvɛɾ.su/	verso	verse
/ˈbje.xa/	vieja	/ˈvɛ.ʎɐ/	velha	old
/bi.ˈβiɾ/	vivir	/vi.ˈveɾ/	viver	to live
/ˈbejn.te/	veinte	/ˈvĩ.tɨ/	vinte	twenty
/be.ˈɾa.no/	verano	/vɨ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	verão	summer
/ˈbjen.to/	viento	/ˈvẽ.tu/	vento	wind
/ba.ˈɣan.te/	vagante	/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/	vagante	wandering, vagrant
/be.ˈðan.te/	vedante	/vɨ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/	vedante	forbidding
/be.ˈlan.te/	velante	/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	velante	veiling
/ˈbjen.tɾe/	vientre	/ˈvẽ.tɾɨ/	ventre	belly
/bi.ˈʎa.no/	villano	/vi.ˈlɐ̃w/	vilão	serf, villain
/bo.ˈkan.te/	vocante	/vu.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/	vocante	vacant
/bo.ˈlan.te/	volante	/vu.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	volante	flying, steering wheel
/bo.ˈtan.te/	votante	/vu.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/	votante	voting, voter
/ˈbwes.tɾa/	vuestra	/ˈvɔ.sɐ/	vossa	your (pl., familiar, f.)
/ba.ˈljen.te/	valiente	/vɐ.ˈlẽ.tɨ/	valente	valiant
/baɾ.ˈjan.te/	variante	/vɐɾ.ˈjɐ̃.tɨ/	variante	variant
/be.te.ˈɾa.na/	veterana	/vɨ.tɨ.ˈɾɐ.nɐ/	veterana	veteran
/bi.ˈβjen.te/	viviente	/vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/	vivente	living, alive
/bo.ˈso.tɾos/	vosotros	/vɔʃ/	vós	you (2pl)
/ben.ˈθjen.te/	venciente	/vẽ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/	vencente	winning, winner
/ben.ˈdjen.te/	vendiente	/vẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/	vendente	selling (rare; usually vendedor)
/beɾ.ˈtjen.te/	vertiente	/vɨɾ.ˈtẽ.tɨ/	vertente	slope, watershed
/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/	vigilante	/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/	vigilante	vigilant, watchful
/ba.ˈɣan.do/	vagando	/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.du/	vagando	wandering (gerund)
/be.ˈlan.do/	velando	/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.du/	velando	veiling, watching over (gerund)
/bo.ˈlan.do/	volando	/vu.ˈɐ̃.du/	voando	flying (gerund)
/bo.ˈtan.do/	votando	/vu.ˈtɐ̃.du/	votando	voting (gerund)
/bol.ˈtan.do/	voltando	/voɫ.ˈtɐ̃.du/	voltando	turning, flipping (gerund)
/ben.ˈdjen.do/	vendiendo	/vẽ.ˈdẽ.du/	vendendo	selling (gerund)
/ˈba.ða/	vada	/ˈva.dɐ/	vada	vada, fried snack
/bals/	vals	/ˈvaɫ.sɐ/	valsa	waltz
/ˈbe.ða/	veda	/ˈve.dɐ/	veda	Veda, sacred knowledge
/ˈbaɾ.na/	varna	/ˈvaɾ.nɐ/	varna	varna, Vedic social class
/ˈbid.ʝa/	vidya	/ˈvi.djɐ/	vidya	vidya, knowledge
/ba.ˈɾu.na/	varuna	/vɐ.ˈɾu.nɐ/	varuna	Varuna, Vedic deity
/bi.ˈku.ɲa/	vicuña	/vi.ˈku.ɲɐ/	vicunha	vicuña
/ˈbiʃ.nu/	vishnu	/ˈviʃ.nu/	vishnu	Vishnu, Hindu deity
/ˈbiʃ.ba/	vishva	/ˈviʃ.vɐ/	vishva	vishva, the universe
/baj.ˈɾag.ʝa/	vairagya	/vɐj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/	vairagya	vairagya, dispassion
/bi.ˈpa.sa.na/	vipassana	/vi.ˈpa.sɐ.nɐ/	vipassana	vipassana, insight meditation
/ˈboð.ka/	vodka	/ˈvɔd.kɐ/	vodca	vodka
/ˈboð.ka/	vodka	/ˈvɔd.kɐ/	vodka	vodka

→ /b/⟨b⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/beɾ.ˈme.xo/	bermejo	/vɨɾ.ˈme.ʎu/	vermelho	vermilion, reddish

→ /f/⟨v⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/lejt.mo.ˈtif/	leitmotiv	/lejt.mu.ˈtiv/	leitmotiv	leitmotiv

→ /m/⟨m⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈmim.bɾe/	mimbre	/ˈvi.mɨ/	vime	osier, wicker

→ /bn/⟨vn⟩ · ⟨v⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/be.ˈniɾ/	venir	/viɾ/	vir	to come

→ /b/⟨b⟩ · ⟨b, w⟩ · 75

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ˈbo.ka/	boca	/ˈbo.kɐ/	boca	mouth
/ˈbaj.le/	baile	/ˈbaj.lɨ/	baile	dance
/ba.ˈxaɾ/	bajar	/baj.ˈʃaɾ/	baixar	to lower
/ˈbaɾ.βa/	barba	/ˈbaɾ.bɐ/	barba	beard
/ˈbaɾ.ka/	barca	/ˈbaɾ.kɐ/	barca	boat
/be.ˈβeɾ/	beber	/bɨ.ˈbeɾ/	beber	to drink
/ˈbɾa.θo/	brazo	/ˈbɾa.su/	braço	arm
/baj.ˈlaɾ/	bailar	/baj.ˈlaɾ/	bailar	to dance
/bon.ˈdað/	bondad	/bõ.ˈda.dɨ/	bondade	goodness
/bo.ˈβi.na/	bovina	/bu.ˈvi.nɐ/	bovina	bovine
/bɾu.ˈtal/	brutal	/bɾu.ˈtaɫ/	brutal	brutal
/bus.ˈkaɾ/	buscar	/buʃ.ˈkaɾ/	buscar	to seek
/baɾ.ˈβa.ða/	barbada	/bɐɾ.ˈba.dɐ/	barbada	bearded
/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾa/	barbara	/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾɐ/	barbara	barbarian
/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾo/	bárbaro	/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾu/	bárbaro	barbarian
/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/	brevedad	/bɾɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/	brevidade	brevity
/ˈba.xo/	bajo	/ˈbaj.ʃu/	baixo	low, below
/ˈba.ɲo/	baño	/ˈbɐ.ɲu/	banho	bath
/bjen/	bien	/bɐ̃j/	bem	well
/bwej/	buey	/boj/	boi	ox, bull
/ˈbe.ʎa/	bella	/ˈbɛ.lɐ/	bela	beautiful
/ˈbɾe.βe/	breve	/ˈbɾɛ.vɨ/	breve	brief
/ˈbwe.na/	buena	/ˈbo.ɐ/	boa	good
/ˈbwe.no/	bueno	/bõ/	bom	good
/ˈbes.tja/	bestia	/ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/	besta	beast
/ˈblaŋ.ka/	blanca	/ˈbɾɐ̃.kɐ/	branca	white
/ˈbe.li.ka/	bélica	/ˈbɛ.li.kɐ/	bélica	warlike
/be.ˈβjen.te/	bebiente	/bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/	bevente	drinking
/ˈboɾ.ðe/	borde	/ˈboɾ.du/	bordo	edge, border
/ˈbuɾ.ka/	burka	/ˈbuɾ.kɐ/	burca	burka
/i.ˈʝab/	hiyab	/i.ˈʒab/	hijab	hiyab
/ni.ˈkab/	niqab	/ni.ˈkab/	niqab	niqab, face veil
/ba.ˈɾa.ka/	baraka	/bɐ.ˈɾa.kɐ/	baraka	baraka, divine blessing
/baj.la.ˈɾi.na/	bailarina	/bɐj.lɐ.ˈɾi.nɐ/	bailarina	dancer (f.)
/ˈbuɾ.ɣo/	burgo	/ˈbuɾ.gu/	burgo	town (archaic, retained in placenames)
/ˈbaŋ.ko/	banco	/ˈbɐ̃.ku/	banco	bench, bank
/ba.ˈɾon/	barón	/bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	barão	baron
/ˈba.rjo/	barrio	/ˈbaj.ʁu/	bairro	neighborhood, district
/ˈbos.ke/	bosque	/ˈbɔʃ.kɨ/	bosque	forest, woods
/be.ˈʎo.ta/	bellota	/bu.ˈlɔ.tɐ/	bolota	acorn
/bej/	bey	/bej/	bei	bey, Turkish lord
/ˈbu.ða/	buda	/ˈbu.dɐ/	buda	Buddha
/ˈbu.ðo/	budo	/ˈbu.du/	budo	budo, martial arts
/ba.ˈlut/	balut	/bɐ.ˈlut/	balut	balut, fertilized duck egg
/bam.ˈbu/	bambu	/bɐ̃.ˈbu/	bambu	bambú, bamboo
/bam.ˈbu/	bambú	/bɐ̃.ˈbu/	bambu	bamboo
/ˈba.o.θi/	baozi	/ˈba.u.zi/	baozi	baozi, steamed bun
/ba.ˈθaɾ/	bazar	/bɐ.ˈzaɾ/	bazar	bazaar, marketplace
/ˈba.xi/	bhaji	/ˈba.ʒi/	bhaji	bhaji, vegetable fritter
/ˈbu.mi/	bhumi	/ˈbu.mi/	bhumi	bhumi, earth, ground
/blits/	blitz	/blits/	blitz	blitz
/ˈbo.ði/	bodhi	/ˈbo.di/	bodhi	bodhi
/sa.ˈib/	sahib	/sɐ.ˈib/	sahib	sahib
/ba.ˈna.na/	banana	/bɐ.ˈna.nɐ/	banana	banana
/baɲ.ˈmi/	banhmi	/bɐɲ.ˈmi/	banhmi	banh mi, Vietnamese sandwich
/ba.ˈta.ta/	batata	/bɐ.ˈta.tɐ/	batata	sweet potato
/ˈbak.ta/	bhakta	/ˈbak.tɐ/	bhakta	bhakta, devotee
/ˈbak.ti/	bhakti	/ˈbak.ti/	bhakti	bhakti, Hindu devotion
/ˈbɾa.ma/	brahma	/ˈbɾa.mɐ/	brahma	Brahma
/ˈbu.ði/	buddhi	/ˈbu.di/	buddhi	buddhi, intellect
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/	baclava	baklava
/ba.ˈkla.βa/	baklava	/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/	baklava	baklava
/ban.ˈda.na/	bandana	/bɐ̃.ˈda.nɐ/	bandana	bandana
/biɾ.ˈʝa.ni/	biryani	/biɾ.ˈja.ni/	biryani	biryani, mixed rice dish
/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/	bulgogi	/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/	bulgogi	bulgogi, grilled beef
/bu.ˈʃi.ðo/	bushido	/bu.ˈʃi.du/	bushido	bushido
/ba.ˈβuʃ.ka/	babushka	/bɐ.ˈbuʃ.kɐ/	babushka	babushka
/bi.βim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	/bi.bim.ˈbap/	bibimbap	bibimbap
/ba.ˈɣel/	bagel	/ba.ˈʒɛw/	bagel	bagel
/ˈben.to/	bento	/ˈbẽ.tu/	bento	bento, lunch box
/ban.ˈθa.i/	banzai	/bɐ̃.ˈzaj/	banzai	banzai
/bon.ˈsa.i/	bonsái	/bõ.ˈsaj/	bonsai	bonsai
/ban.ˈtʃan/	banchan	/bɐ̃.ˈtʃɐ̃/	banchan	banchan, Korean side dishes
/baɾ.ba.ˈko.a/	barbacoa	/bɐɾ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɐ/	barbacoa	barbecue, grill
/buŋ.ˈga.lo/	bungalow	/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/	bangalo	bungalow, single-story house

→ /b/⟨v⟩ · ⟨b, w⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/ba.ˈɾon/	varón	/bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/	barão	male ≠ baron

→ /b/⟨w⟩ · ⟨b, w⟩ · 1

outcome

ES IPA	Spanish	PT IPA	Portuguese	English
/buɾst/	wurst	/vuɾʃt/	wurst	wurst, German sausage