A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Companion / Part 6 / 6.26.2
Section 6.26.2

Intervocalic /g/ → /ɣ/ & /g,/ non-intervocalic /g/ → /g/ & /g/

g → ɣ & g

126 cognate pairs · click a row for its historical trace

CCASpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
/ˈdɪg.nʊm/digno/ˈdiɣ.no/digno/ˈdig.nu/worthy
/ˈsɪg.nʊm/signo/ˈsiɣ.no/signo/ˈsig.nu/sign
/ˈfu.gu/fugu/ˈfu.ɣu/fugu/ˈfu.gu/fugu, pufferfish
/ˈi.glu/ig/i.ˈɣlu/iglu/i.ˈglu/igloo
/ˈra.ga/raga/ˈra.ɣa/raga/ˈʁa.gɐ/raga
/ˈsa.go/sago/ˈsa.ɣo/sago/ˈsa.gu/sago, palm starch
/ˈsa.go/sagu/sa.ˈɣu/sagu/sɐ.ˈgu/sagú, palm starch
/ˈju.ga/yuga/ˈju.ɣa/yuga/ˈju.gɐ/yuga, cosmic age
g.ˈjo/aegyo/eɣ.ˈjo/aegyog.ˈjo/aegyo
/burg/burgo/ˈbuɾ.ɣo/burgo/ˈbuɾ.gu/town
/ˈdʒa.gat/jagat/ˈxa.ɣat/jagat/ʒɐ.ˈgat/jagat, the world
/ˈla.ger/lager/ˈla.ɣeɾ/lager/ˈla.gɨɾ/lager, bottom-fermented beer
/o.ˈha.gi/ohagi/o.ˈa.ɣi/ohagi/u.ˈa.gi/ohagi, sweet rice ball
/ig.ˈwa.na/iguana/iɣ.ˈwa.na/iguana/ig.ˈwa.nɐ/iguana
/ˈi.ki.ga.i/ikigai/i.ki.ˈɣa.i/ikigai/i.ki.ˈga.i/ikigai, "reason for being"
/jag.ˈwar/jaguar/xaɣ.ˈwaɾ/jaguar/ʒɐg.ˈwaɾ/jaguar
/ˈtʃi.ge/jjigae/ˈtʃi.ɣe/jjigae/ˈʃi.gɨ/jjigae, Korean stew
/ˈni.gi.ri/nigiri/ni.ˈɣi.ɾi/nigiri/ni.ˈgi.ɾi/nigiri, hand-pressed sushi
/ˈra.ku.go/rakugo/ˈra.ku.ɣo/rakugo/ˈʁa.ku.gu/rakugo, comic storytelling
/bul.ˈgo.gi/bulgogi/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/bulgogi/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/bulgogi, grilled beef
/ka.ˈra.a.ge/karaage/ka.ˈɾa.a.ɣe/karaage/kɐ.ˈɾa.ɐ.gɨ/karaage
/o.ni.ˈgi.ri/onigiri/o.ni.ˈɣi.ɾi/onigiri/u.ni.ˈgi.ɾi/onigiri
/o.ɾi.ˈga.mi/origami/o.ɾi.ˈɣa.mi/origami/u.ɾi.ˈga.mi/origami
/wa.ˈga.ʃi/wagashi/wa.ˈɣa.ʃi/wagashi/wɐ.ˈga.ʃi/wagashi
/ka.ˈki.go.ri/kakigori/ka.ˈki.ɣo.ɾi/kakigori/kɐ.ˈki.gu.ɾi/kakigori, shaved ice
/ˈsa.go/sago/ˈsa.ɣo/sagu/sɐ.ˈgu/sago, palm starch
/ˈsa.go/sagu/sa.ˈɣu/sago/ˈsa.gu/sagú, palm starch
/ˈjo.ga/yoga/ˈʝo.ɣa/ioga/ˈjɔ.gɐ/yoga
/ˈʃo.gi/shogi/ˈʃo.ɣi/shogi/ˈʃɔ.gi/shogi, Japanese chess
/tɕi.ˈgoŋ/qigong/tʃi.ˈɣoŋ/qigong/tʃi.ˈgõ/qigong
/ˈɕo.gun/shogun/ʃo.ˈɣun/xogum/ʃu.ˈgũ/shogun, military dictator
/ˈtɾeg.wa/tregua/ˈtɾeɣ.wa/trégua/ˈtɾɛ.gwɐ/truce
/pje.ˈrɔ.gi/pierogi/pje.ˈɾo.ɣi/pierogi/pjɨ.ˈɾɔ.gi/pierogi

g → g & g

71 cognate pairs · click a row for its historical trace

CCASpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
ge.ta/getage.ta/getage.tɐ/geta, Japanese clogs
gu.na/gunagu.na/gunagu.nɐ/guna, attribute / quality
gu.ru/gurú/gu.ˈɾu/guru/gu.ˈɾu/guru
/ˈdur.ga/durga/ˈduɾ.ga/durga/ˈduɾ.gɐ/Durga, Hindu goddess
/ga.ˈna.ɾe/ganar/ga.ˈnaɾ/ganhar/gɐ.ˈɲaɾ/to gain
go.han/gohango.an/gohango.ɐ̃/gohan, cooked rice
go.lem/golemgo.lem/golemgo.lẽ/golem
/ˈmaŋ.ga/manga/ˈmaŋ.ga/mangá/mɐ̃.ˈga/manga
/ˈwag.ju/wagyu/ˈwag.ʝu/wagyu/ˈwag.ju/wagyu
ge.i.ɕa/geishage.i.ʃa/gueixage.i.ʃɐ/geisha, traditional entertainer
/goŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/goŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/gõ.ˈfu/kung fu
/gwi.ˈsaɾ/guisar/gi.ˈsaɾ/guisar/gi.ˈzaɾ/to cook, stew
gu.jaʃ/gulash/gu.ˈlaʃ/gulache/gu.ˈla.ʃɨ/gulash
gu.jaʃ/gulash/gu.ˈlaʃ/gulash/gu.ˈlaʃ/gulash
/po.ˈgrom/pogrom/po.ˈgɾom/pogromo/pu.ˈgɾo.mu/pogrom, organized massacre
/bul.ˈgo.gi/bulgogi/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/bulgogi/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/bulgogi, grilled beef
/ga.ˈne.ʃa/ganesha/ga.ˈne.ʃa/ganesha/gɐ.ˈne.ʃɐ/Ganesha, Hindu deity
/po.ˈgrom/pogromo/po.ˈgɾo.mo/pogromo/pu.ˈgɾo.mu/pogromo
/tʃa.ˈɾan.go/charango/tʃa.ˈɾan.go/charango/ʃa.ˈɾan.gu/charango
glas.nost/glasnost/glas.ˈnost/glasnost/glɐʒ.ˈnoʃt/glasnost
/vaj.ˈrag.ja/vairagya/baj.ˈɾag.ja/vairagya/vɐj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/vairagya, dispassion
gri.si/gris/gɾis/gris/gɾiʃ/gray
/glitʃ/glitch/glitʃ/glitch/gliʃ/glitch, malfunction
/ˈdan.go/dango/ˈdaŋ.go/dango/ˈdɐ̃.gu/dango, rice dumpling
gaŋ.ga/gangagaŋ.ga/gangagɐ̃.gɐ/Ganga, Hindu goddess of the Ganges
gan.so/gansogan.so/gansogɐ̃.su/goose
gjo.za/gyozagjo.θa/gyozagjɔ.zɐ/gyoza, fried dumpling
/ˈdʒen.ga/jenga/ˈxeŋ.ga/jenga/ˈʒẽ.gɐ/jenga
/ˈman.ga.i/mango/ˈmaŋ.go/manga/ˈmɐ̃.gɐ/mango
gwɛr.ra/guerrage.ra/guerragɛ.ʁɐ/war
/ˈhan.gul/hangul/ˈaŋ.gul/hangul/ˈɐ̃.guɫ/hangul
/ˈdʒan.gal/jungla/ˈxuŋ.gla/jângal/ˈʒɐ̃.gaw/jungle
/po.ˈgrom/pogrom/po.ˈgɾom/pogrom/pu.ˈgɾɔm/pogrom, organized massacre
/ˈwig.wam/wigwam/wig.ˈwam/wigwam/wi.ˈgwɐ̃/wigwam
/po.ˈgrom/pogromo/po.ˈgɾo.mo/pogrom/pu.ˈgɾɔm/pogromo
/ˈbaŋ.gla/bungalow/buŋ.ˈga.lo/bangalo/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/bungalow, single-story house
/goŋ/gong/goŋ/gong/gõ/gong, struck percussion
/goŋ/gong/goŋ/gongogõ.gu/gong, struck percussion
Every table here shows the full corpus behind a sound correspondence — the print book shows a curated handful. Forms are generated from the book’s Latin→Romance model; the CCA column is the reconstructed common ancestor.