A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Companion / Part 6 / 6.25.3
Section 6.25.3

/f/ → /f/ & /f/ and /f/ → /∅/ & /f/ (before a vowel)

f → f & f

125 cognate pairs · click a row for its historical trace

CCASpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
fu.gu/fugufu.ɣu/fugufu.gu/fugu, pufferfish
/sˤu.ˈfi/sufi/su.ˈfi/sufi/su.ˈfi/sufí, Islamic mystic
/sˤu.ˈfi/sufí/su.ˈfi/sufi/su.ˈfi/sufí
/sˤifr/cifra/ˈθi.fɾa/cifra/ˈsi.fɾɐ/cipher, digit
fal.da/faldafal.da/faldafaɫ.dɐ/skirt, mountain slope
fat.wa/fatuafat.wa/fátuafa.twɐ/fatua
/ke.ˈfir/kefir/ke.ˈfiɾ/kefir/kɨ.ˈfiɾ/kefir, fermented milk
/ke.ˈfir/kefir/ke.ˈfiɾ/quefir/kɨ.ˈfiɾ/kefir, fermented milk
/ˈsˤa.fra/zafra/ˈθa.fɾa/safra/ˈsa.fɾɐ/harvest
/xa.ˈli.fa/califa/ka.ˈli.fa/califa/kɐ.ˈli.fɐ/caliph
/fa.ˈqir/faquir/fa.ˈkiɾ/faquir/fɐ.ˈkiɾ/fakir
flas.ka/frascofɾas.ko/frascofɾaʃ.ku/flask, jar
fɾes.ko/frescofɾes.ko/frescofɾeʃ.ku/fresh, cool
/goŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/goŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/gõ.ˈfu/kung fu
/goŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/goŋ.ˈfu/kung-fu/kuŋ.ˈfu/kung fu
/zi.ˈra.fa/jirafa/xi.ˈɾa.fa/girafa/ʒi.ˈɾa.fɐ/giraffe
/sa.ˈfa.ri/safari/sa.ˈfa.ɾi/safari/sɐ.ˈfa.ɾi/safari
/ʃo.ˈfar/shofar/ʃo.ˈfaɾ/shofar/ʃu.ˈfaɾ/shofar, ritual ram's horn
/taʕ.ˈri.fa/tarifa/ta.ˈɾi.fa/tarifa/tɐ.ˈɾi.fɐ/tariff, rate
/sˤa.ˈfir/zafiro/θa.ˈfi.ɾo/safira/sɐ.ˈfi.ɾɐ/sapphire
/al.ʕa.ˈrif/alarife/a.la.ˈɾi.fe/alarife/ɐ.lɐ.ˈɾi.fɨ/master builder
/fa.ˈla.fil/falafel/fa.ˈla.fel/falafel/fɐ.ˈlafɛw/falafel
/goŋ.ˈfu/kung-fu/kuŋ.ˈfu/gongfu/gõ.ˈfu/kung-fu
/goŋ.ˈfu/kung-fu/kuŋ.ˈfu/kung-fu/kuŋ.ˈfu/kung-fu
/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/fengshui/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/fengshui/fẽʃ.ˈwaj/feng shui
/fu.ˈto.ma.ki/futomaki/fu.ˈto.ma.ki/futomaki/fu.ˈto.mɐ.ki/futomaki, sushi roll
/in.ti.ˈfa.dˤa/intifada/in.ti.ˈfa.ða/intifada/ĩ.ti.ˈfa.dɐ/intifada
/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/feng-shui/feŋ.ˈʃwi/feng-shui/fẽ.ˈʃwi/feng shui
/ke.ˈfir/fir/ˈke.fiɾ/kefir/kɨ.ˈfiɾ/kéfir
/ke.ˈfir/fir/ˈke.fiɾ/quefir/kɨ.ˈfiɾ/kéfir
/tʰa.ˈi.fɤŋ/tifón/ti.ˈfon/tufao/tu.ˈfɐ̃w/typhoon
/fir.ˈman/firman/fiɾ.ˈman/firman/fiɾ.ˈmɐ̃/firmán, royal decree
/frank/francafɾaŋ.ka/francafɾɐ̃.kɐ/frank, free
/frank/francafɾaŋ.ka/francofɾɐ̃.ku/frank, free
/frank/francofɾaŋ.ko/francafɾɐ̃.kɐ/frank, candid
/frank/francofɾaŋ.ko/francofɾɐ̃.ku/frank, candid
/az.zaʕ.fa.ˈran/azafrán/a.θa.ˈfɾan/açafrão/ɐ.sɐ.ˈfɾɐ̃w/saffron
/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/fengshui/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/feng-shui/fẽ.ˈʃwi/feng shui
/feŋʃ.ˈwaj/feng-shui/feŋ.ˈʃwi/fengshui/fẽʃ.ˈwaj/feng shui
/fə/pho/fo/pho/fɔ/pho

f → ∅ & f

29 cognate pairs · click a row for its historical trace

CCASpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
/ˈfa.βa/aba/ˈa.βa/fava/ˈfa.vɐ/broad bean
/ˈfa.da/hada/ˈa.ða/fada/ˈfa.dɐ/fairy
/ˈfa.do/hado/ˈa.ðo/fado/ˈfa.du/fate
/ˈfe.no/heno/ˈe.no/feno/ˈfe.nu/hay
/ˈfi.go/higo/ˈi.ɣo/figo/ˈfi.gu/fig
/ˈfi.ʎa/hija/ˈi.xa/filha/ˈfi.ʎɐ/daughter
/ˈfi.ʎo/hijo/ˈi.xo/filho/ˈfi.ʎu/son
/ˈfi.lo/hilo/ˈi.lo/fio/ˈfi.u/thread
/ˈfu.mo/humo/ˈu.mo/fumo/ˈfu.mu/smoke
/ˈfa.tse.ɾe/hacer/a.ˈθeɾ/fazer/fɐ.ˈzeɾ/to do, make
/ˈfaɾ.to/arto/ˈaɾ.to/farto/ˈfaɾ.tu/fed up, satiated
/fe.ˈɾi.ɾe/herir/e.ˈɾiɾ/ferir/fɨ.ˈɾiɾ/to wound
/ˈfor.no/horno/ˈoɾ.no/forno/ˈfoɾ.nu/oven
/fa.ˈβla.ɾe/hablar/a.ˈβlaɾ/falar/fɐ.ˈlaɾ/to speak
/fa.ˈɾi.na/harina/a.ˈɾi.na/farinha/fɐ.ˈɾi.ɲɐ/flour
/faɾ.ˈta.ɾe/artar/aɾ.ˈtaɾ/fartar/fɐɾ.ˈtaɾ/to fill, to satiate
/fak.ˈti.tso/hechizo/e.ˈtʃi.θo/feitiço/fej.ˈti.su/spell, charm
/fak.ˈtu.ɾa/hechura/e.ˈtʃu.ɾa/feitura/fej.ˈtu.ɾɐ/creation, workmanship
/foɾ.ˈmi.ga/hormiga/oɾ.ˈmi.ɣa/formiga/fuɾ.ˈmi.gɐ/ant
/ˈfi.ne/hin/in/fi/fi/end
/fe.ˈɾi.da/herida/e.ˈɾi.ða/ferida/fɨ.ˈɾi.dɐ/wounded
/fe.ˈɾi.do/herido/e.ˈɾi.ðo/ferido/fɨ.ˈɾi.du/wounded
/ˈfɔ.ʎa/hoja/ˈo.xa/folha/ˈfɔ.ʎɐ/leaf
/ˈfɛ.ro/hierro/ˈje.ro/ferro/ˈfɛ.ʁu/iron
/ˈfi.ne/hin/in/fim/fĩ/end
/ˈfal.tse/hoz/oθ/foice/ˈfoj.sɨ/sickle
/sˤifr/cero/ˈθe.ɾo/cifra/ˈsi.fɾɐ/cero
/ˈfak.ta/hecha/ˈe.tʃa/feita/ˈfej.tɐ/done
/ˈfak.to/hecho/ˈe.tʃo/feito/ˈfej.tu/done, made
Every table here shows the full corpus behind a sound correspondence — the print book shows a curated handful. Forms are generated from the book’s Latin→Romance model; the CCA column is the reconstructed common ancestor.