A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Part 4 — Synchronic correspondences Spanish ↔ Portuguese sound correspondences Each chapter pairs a Spanish outcome with its Portuguese counterpart, both directions, split by the environments that condition them — the same distribution tables as the book, with every cognate pair shown instead of a printed handful.
4.1 · 2,326 pairs
A-reduction
/a/ ↔ /ɐ/
4.2 · 2,051 pairs
O-raising
/o, u/ ↔ /u/
4.3 · 963 pairs
E-reduction
/e/ ↔ /ɨ/
4.4 · 810 pairs
Stressed-o
/o, ˈwe/ ↔ /ɔ, ˈo/
4.5 · 107 pairs
Je-diphthong
/je/ ↔ /ɛ/
4.6 · 311 pairs
Stressed-e
/e/ ↔ /e, ˈɛ, ˈej/
4.7 · 1,610 pairs
D-lenition
/d, ð/ ↔ /d/
4.8 · 996 pairs
B-v
/b, β/ ↔ /b, v/
4.9 · 396 pairs
G-lenition
/g, ɣ/ ↔ /g/
4.10 · 990 pairs
Laterals
/l, ʎ/ ↔ /l/; /l/ ↔ /ɫ/; /ʎ/ ↔ /ʃ/
4.11 · 1,016 pairs
Sibilants
/s, θ/ ↔ /s, ʃ, z/; /stɾ/ → /s/
4.12 · 1,678 pairs
Coronal-clusters
/ʃ/ ↔ /ʃ/; /t/ ↔ /t/; /ks/ → /ʃ/; /kt/ → /t/
4.13 · 772 pairs
Nasal-consonants
/n/ ↔ /n/; /ɲ/ ↔ /ɲ/; /ɲ/ → /n/
4.14 · 230 pairs
R-uvular
/r/ ↔ /ʁ, ɾ/
4.15 · 170 pairs
X-jota
/x/ ↔ /ʒ, ʎ/
4.16 · 44 pairs
Glide-j
/j, ʝ/ ↔ /j/
4.17 · 45 pairs
Nasal-ao
/ano, ˈjon/ ↔ /ɐ̃w/
4.18 · 477 pairs
Stressed-nasal-a
/an, ˈaŋ/ ↔ /ɐ̃/; /am, ˈana/ → /ɐ̃/
4.19 · 51 pairs
Stressed-nasal-o
/om, ˈon, ˈoŋ, ˈwen/ ↔ /õ/; /on/ ↔ /ɐ̃w/
4.20 · 79 pairs
Unstressed-nasal-o
/om, on/ ↔ /õ/
4.21 · 68 pairs
Unstressed-nasal-a
/am, an/ ↔ /ɐ̃/
4.22 · 125 pairs
Stressed-nasal-e
/en, ˈjen/ ↔ /ẽ/; /eŋ, ˈjem/ → /ẽ/
4.23 · 114 pairs
Unstressed-nasal-e
/en/ ↔ /ẽ/; /em, eŋ/ → /ẽ/
4.24 · 30 pairs
Stressed-nasal-i
/im, ˈin/ ↔ /ĩ/
4.25 · 32 pairs
Unstressed-nasal-i
/in/ ↔ /ĩ/
4.26 · 21 pairs
Stressed-nasal-u
/un/ ↔ /ũ, ˈõ/
4.27 · 10 pairs
Glide-ja
/ja/ ↔ /jɐ, ɐ, ʒɐ/
4.28 · 19 pairs
Glide-jo
/jo/ ↔ /ju, u/
4.29 · 18 pairs
Glide-wa
/wa/ ↔ /wɐ/
4.30 · 15 pairs
Glide-aj
/aj/ ↔ /ɐj/
Every table here shows the full corpus behind a sound correspondence — the print book shows a curated handful. Forms are generated from the book’s Latin→Romance model; the CCA column is the reconstructed common ancestor.