A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Stressed-nasal-o: /om, ˈon, ˈoŋ, ˈwen/ ↔ /õ/; /on/ ↔ /ɐ̃w/
51 cognate pairs
Spanish → Portuguese
/om/⟨om⟩ → /õ/3 pairs
source
/o/ 
/m/
→ /õ/⟨om⟩ · 3
outcome
/õ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| om | /om/ | om | /õ/ | om, sacred syllable |
| kombu | /ˈkom.bu/ | kombu | /ˈkõ.bu/ | kombu, edible kelp |
| shalom | /ʃa.ˈlom/ | shalom | /ʃɐ.ˈlõ/ | shalom |
/on/⟨on⟩ → /õ/14 pairs
source/o/ 
/n/
→ /õ/⟨on⟩ · 14
outcome/õ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| once | /ˈon.θe/ | onze | /ˈõ.zɨ/ | eleven |
| onda | /ˈon.da/ | onda | /ˈõ.dɐ/ | wave |
| donde | /ˈdon.de/ | onde | /ˈõ.dɨ/ | where |
| monte | /ˈmon.te/ | monte | /ˈmõ.tɨ/ | mountain |
| contra | /ˈkon.tɾa/ | contra | /ˈkõ.tɾɐ/ | against, opposite |
| pronta | /ˈpɾon.ta/ | pronta | /ˈpɾõ.tɐ/ | ready (fem) |
| pronto | /ˈpɾon.to/ | pronto | /ˈpɾõ.tu/ | ready, soon, quick |
| redonda | /re.ˈðon.da/ | redonda | /ʁɨ.ˈdõ.dɐ/ | round |
| redondo | /re.ˈðon.do/ | redondo | /ʁɨ.ˈdõ.du/ | round |
| nihon | /ni.ˈon/ | nihon | /ni.ˈõ/ | Nihon, Japan |
| ondol | /ˈon.dol/ | ondol | /ˈõ.dul/ | ondol, underfloor heating |
| onsen | /ˈon.sen/ | onsen | /ˈõ.sẽ/ | onsen |
| ponzu | /ˈpon.su/ | ponzu | /ˈpõ.zu/ | ponzu, citrus sauce |
| wonton | /won.ˈton/ | wonton | /wõ.ˈtõ/ | wonton, dumpling |
/on/⟨ón⟩ → /ɐ̃w/8 pairs
source/o/ /n/
→ /ɐ̃w/⟨ão⟩ · 8
outcome
/ɐ̃/ 
/w/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| razón | /ra.ˈθon/ | razão | /ʁɐ.ˈzɐ̃w/ | reason |
| carbón | /kaɾ.ˈβon/ | carvão | /kɐɾ.ˈvɐ̃w/ | coal |
| ladrón | /la.ˈðɾon/ | ladrão | /lɐ.ˈdɾɐ̃w/ | thief |
| corazón | /ko.ɾa.ˈθon/ | coração | /ku.ɾɐ.ˈsɐ̃w/ | heart |
| barón | /ba.ˈɾon/ | barão | /bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/ | baron |
| limón | /li.ˈmon/ | limão | /li.ˈmɐ̃w/ | lemon |
| algodón | /al.go.ˈðon/ | algodão | /aɫ.gu.ˈdɐ̃w/ | cotton |
| tiburón | /ti.βu.ˈɾon/ | tubarão | /tu.bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/ | shark |
/oŋ/⟨on⟩ → /õ/2 pairs
source/o/ 
/ŋ/
→ /õ/⟨on⟩ · 2
outcome/õ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tronco | /ˈtɾoŋ.ko/ | tronco | /ˈtɾõ.ku/ | trunk |
| gong | /goŋ/ | gong | /gõ/ | gong, struck percussion |
/wen/⟨uen⟩ → /õ/4 pairs
source/w/ 
/e/ /n/
→ /õ/⟨on⟩ · 4
outcome/õ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cuenta | /ˈkwen.ta/ | conta | /ˈkõ.tɐ/ | account, bill |
| cuento | /ˈkwen.to/ | conto | /ˈkõ.tu/ | tale, story |
| fuente | /ˈfwen.te/ | fonte | /ˈfõ.tɨ/ | fountain, spring |
| puente | /ˈpwen.te/ | ponte | /ˈpõ.tɨ/ | bridge |
Portuguese → Spanish
/õ/⟨on⟩ → /on, wen, oŋ/20 pairs
source/õ/
→ /on/⟨on⟩ · before coronal, after obstruent · 4
outcome/o/ /n/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| contra | /ˈkon.tɾa/ | contra | /ˈkõ.tɾɐ/ | against, opposite |
| redonda | /re.ˈðon.da/ | redonda | /ʁɨ.ˈdõ.dɐ/ | round |
| redondo | /re.ˈðon.do/ | redondo | /ʁɨ.ˈdõ.du/ | round |
| ponzu | /ˈpon.su/ | ponzu | /ˈpõ.zu/ | ponzu, citrus sauce |
→ /wen/⟨uen⟩ · before coronal, after obstruent · 4
outcome/w/ /e/ /n/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cuenta | /ˈkwen.ta/ | conta | /ˈkõ.tɐ/ | account, bill |
| cuento | /ˈkwen.to/ | conto | /ˈkõ.tu/ | tale, story |
| fuente | /ˈfwen.te/ | fonte | /ˈfõ.tɨ/ | fountain, spring |
| puente | /ˈpwen.te/ | ponte | /ˈpõ.tɨ/ | bridge |
→ /on/⟨on⟩ · before coronal, not after obstruent · 8
outcome/o/ /n/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| once | /ˈon.θe/ | onze | /ˈõ.zɨ/ | eleven |
| onda | /ˈon.da/ | onda | /ˈõ.dɐ/ | wave |
| donde | /ˈdon.de/ | onde | /ˈõ.dɨ/ | where |
| monte | /ˈmon.te/ | monte | /ˈmõ.tɨ/ | mountain |
| pronta | /ˈpɾon.ta/ | pronta | /ˈpɾõ.tɐ/ | ready (fem) |
| pronto | /ˈpɾon.to/ | pronto | /ˈpɾõ.tu/ | ready, soon, quick |
| ondol | /ˈon.dol/ | ondol | /ˈõ.dul/ | ondol, underfloor heating |
| onsen | /ˈon.sen/ | onsen | /ˈõ.sẽ/ | onsen |
→ /oŋ/⟨on⟩ · not before coronal · 2
outcome/o/ /ŋ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tronco | /ˈtɾoŋ.ko/ | tronco | /ˈtɾõ.ku/ | trunk |
| gong | /goŋ/ | gong | /gõ/ | gong, struck percussion |
→ /on/⟨on⟩ · not before coronal · 2
outcome/o/ /n/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nihon | /ni.ˈon/ | nihon | /ni.ˈõ/ | Nihon, Japan |
| wonton | /won.ˈton/ | wonton | /wõ.ˈtõ/ | wonton, dumpling |