A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Je-diphthong: /je/ ↔ /ɛ/
107 cognate pairs
Spanish → Portuguese
/je/⟨ie⟩ → /ɛ/27 pairs
source
/j/ 
/e/
→ /ɛ/⟨e⟩ · 27
outcome
/ɛ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| diez | /djeθ/ | dez | /dɛʃ/ | ten |
| miel | /mjel/ | mel | /mɛɫ/ | honey |
| nieto | /ˈnje.to/ | neto | /ˈnɛ.tu/ | grandson |
| nieve | /ˈnje.βe/ | neve | /ˈnɛ.vɨ/ | snow |
| siete | /ˈsje.te/ | sete | /ˈsɛ.tɨ/ | seven |
| vieja | /ˈbje.xa/ | velha | /ˈvɛ.ʎɐ/ | old |
| viejo | /ˈbje.xo/ | velho | /ˈvɛ.ʎu/ | old |
| cierta | /ˈθjeɾ.ta/ | certa | /ˈsɛɾ.tɐ/ | sure, certain |
| cierto | /ˈθjeɾ.to/ | certo | /ˈsɛɾ.tu/ | sure, certain |
| cierva | /ˈθjeɾ.βa/ | cerva | /ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/ | doe |
| fiesta | /ˈfjes.ta/ | festa | /ˈfɛʃ.tɐ/ | feast |
| hierba | /ˈjeɾ.βa/ | erva | /ˈɛɾ.vɐ/ | grass |
| hierro | /ˈje.ro/ | ferro | /ˈfɛ.ʁu/ | iron |
| liebre | /ˈlje.βɾe/ | lebre | /ˈlɛ.bɾɨ/ | hare |
| piedra | /ˈpje.ðɾa/ | pedra | /ˈpɛ.dɾɐ/ | stone, rock |
| pierna | /ˈpjeɾ.na/ | perna | /ˈpɛɾ.nɐ/ | leg |
| sierra | /ˈsje.ra/ | serra | /ˈsɛ.ʁɐ/ | mountain range |
| sierva | /ˈsjeɾ.βa/ | serva | /ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/ | female servant |
| siervo | /ˈsjeɾ.βo/ | servo | /ˈsɛɾ.vu/ | servant |
| tierra | /ˈtje.ra/ | terra | /ˈtɛ.ʁɐ/ | earth, land, ground |
| abierta | /a.ˈβjeɾ.ta/ | aberta | /ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tɐ/ | opened (feminine) |
| abierto | /a.ˈβjeɾ.to/ | aberto | /ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tu/ | opened, open |
| diestra | /ˈdjes.tɾa/ | destra | /ˈdɛʃ.tɾɐ/ | right hand |
| diestro | /ˈdjes.tɾo/ | destro | /ˈdɛʃ.tɾu/ | right, skillful |
| invierno | /in.ˈβjeɾ.no/ | inverno | /ĩ.ˈvɛɾ.nu/ | winter |
| fradiello | /fɾa.ˈðje.ʎo/ | fraelu | /fɾɐ.ˈɛ.lu/ | little brother (Late Latin diminutive of FRATER) |
| pieza | /ˈpje.θa/ | peça | /ˈpɛ.sɐ/ | piece |
Portuguese → Spanish
/ɛ/⟨e⟩ → /e, je, i/64 pairs
source/ɛ/
→ /e/⟨e⟩ · 33
outcome/e/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| esa | /ˈe.sa/ | essa | /ˈɛ.sɐ/ | that one (fem) |
| ella | /ˈe.ʎa/ | ela | /ˈɛ.lɐ/ | she |
| esta | /ˈes.ta/ | esta | /ˈɛʃ.tɐ/ | this (fem) |
| gema | /ˈxe.ma/ | gema | /ˈʒɛ.mɐ/ | gem, yolk |
| leve | /ˈle.βe/ | leve | /ˈlɛ.vɨ/ | light |
| seto | /ˈse.to/ | seto | /ˈsɛ.tu/ | enclosure, hedge |
| tela | /ˈte.la/ | tela | /ˈtɛ.lɐ/ | cloth, fabric |
| vela | /ˈbe.la/ | vela | /ˈvɛ.lɐ/ | candle |
| vero | /ˈbe.ɾo/ | vero | /ˈvɛ.ɾu/ | true (literary) |
| bella | /ˈbe.ʎa/ | bela | /ˈbɛ.lɐ/ | beautiful |
| bello | /ˈbe.ʎo/ | belo | /ˈbɛ.lu/ | beautiful |
| breve | /ˈbɾe.βe/ | breve | /ˈbɾɛ.vɨ/ | brief |
| ellas | /ˈe.ʎas/ | elas | /ˈɛ.lɐʃ/ | they (fem pl) |
| mujer | /mu.ˈxeɾ/ | mulher | /mu.ˈʎɛɾ/ | woman |
| oreja | /o.ˈɾe.xa/ | orelha | /u.ˈɾɛ.ʎɐ/ | ear |
| regla | /ˈre.ɣla/ | regra | /ˈʁɛ.gɾɐ/ | rule |
| resto | /ˈres.to/ | resto | /ˈʁɛʃ.tu/ | remainder |
| verme | /ˈbeɾ.me/ | verme | /ˈvɛɾ.mɨ/ | worm (medical/technical) |
| verso | /ˈbeɾ.so/ | verso | /ˈvɛɾ.su/ | verse |
| bestia | /ˈbes.tja/ | besta | /ˈbɛʃ.tɐ/ | beast |
| aquella | /a.ˈke.ʎa/ | aquela | /ɐ.ˈkɛ.lɐ/ | that one (yonder, fem) |
| taberna | /ta.ˈβeɾ.na/ | taverna | /tɐ.ˈvɛɾ.nɐ/ | tavern |
| zen | /θen/ | zen | /zɛn/ | zen |
| cero | /ˈθe.ɾo/ | zero | /ˈzɛ.ɾu/ | cero |
| adelfa | /a.ˈðel.fa/ | adelfa | /ɐ.ˈdɛɫ.fɐ/ | oleander |
| guerra | /ˈge.ra/ | guerra | /ˈgɛ.ʁɐ/ | war |
| kasher | /ka.ˈʃeɾ/ | kasher | /kɐ.ˈʃɛɾ/ | kasher, kosher |
| kismet | /kis.ˈmet/ | kismet | /kiʒ.ˈmɛt/ | kismet, destiny |
| shtetl | /ʃtetl/ | shtetl | /ʃtɛtl/ | shtetl, Jewish small town |
| chimaek | /tʃi.ˈmek/ | chimaek | /ʃi.ˈmɛk/ | chimaek, chicken-and-beer |
| jaqueca | /xa.ˈke.ka/ | enxaqueca | /ẽ.ʃɐ.ˈkɛ.kɐ/ | migraine, severe headache |
| jaqueca | /xa.ˈke.ka/ | xaqueca | /ʃɐ.ˈkɛ.kɐ/ | migraine, severe headache |
| klezmer | /ˈkles.meɾ/ | klezmer | /ˈklɛz.mɨɾ/ | klezmer, Jewish folk music |
→ /je/⟨ie⟩ · 27
outcome/j/ /e/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| diez | /djeθ/ | dez | /dɛʃ/ | ten |
| miel | /mjel/ | mel | /mɛɫ/ | honey |
| nieto | /ˈnje.to/ | neto | /ˈnɛ.tu/ | grandson |
| nieve | /ˈnje.βe/ | neve | /ˈnɛ.vɨ/ | snow |
| siete | /ˈsje.te/ | sete | /ˈsɛ.tɨ/ | seven |
| vieja | /ˈbje.xa/ | velha | /ˈvɛ.ʎɐ/ | old |
| viejo | /ˈbje.xo/ | velho | /ˈvɛ.ʎu/ | old |
| cierta | /ˈθjeɾ.ta/ | certa | /ˈsɛɾ.tɐ/ | sure, certain |
| cierto | /ˈθjeɾ.to/ | certo | /ˈsɛɾ.tu/ | sure, certain |
| cierva | /ˈθjeɾ.βa/ | cerva | /ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/ | doe |
| fiesta | /ˈfjes.ta/ | festa | /ˈfɛʃ.tɐ/ | feast |
| hierba | /ˈjeɾ.βa/ | erva | /ˈɛɾ.vɐ/ | grass |
| hierro | /ˈje.ro/ | ferro | /ˈfɛ.ʁu/ | iron |
| liebre | /ˈlje.βɾe/ | lebre | /ˈlɛ.bɾɨ/ | hare |
| piedra | /ˈpje.ðɾa/ | pedra | /ˈpɛ.dɾɐ/ | stone, rock |
| pierna | /ˈpjeɾ.na/ | perna | /ˈpɛɾ.nɐ/ | leg |
| sierra | /ˈsje.ra/ | serra | /ˈsɛ.ʁɐ/ | mountain range |
| sierva | /ˈsjeɾ.βa/ | serva | /ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/ | female servant |
| siervo | /ˈsjeɾ.βo/ | servo | /ˈsɛɾ.vu/ | servant |
| tierra | /ˈtje.ra/ | terra | /ˈtɛ.ʁɐ/ | earth, land, ground |
| abierta | /a.ˈβjeɾ.ta/ | aberta | /ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tɐ/ | opened (feminine) |
| abierto | /a.ˈβjeɾ.to/ | aberto | /ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tu/ | opened, open |
| diestra | /ˈdjes.tɾa/ | destra | /ˈdɛʃ.tɾɐ/ | right hand |
| diestro | /ˈdjes.tɾo/ | destro | /ˈdɛʃ.tɾu/ | right, skillful |
| invierno | /in.ˈβjeɾ.no/ | inverno | /ĩ.ˈvɛɾ.nu/ | winter |
| fradiello | /fɾa.ˈðje.ʎo/ | fraelu | /fɾɐ.ˈɛ.lu/ | little brother (Late Latin diminutive of FRATER) |
| pieza | /ˈpje.θa/ | peça | /ˈpɛ.sɐ/ | piece |
→ /i/⟨i⟩ · 4
outcome
/i/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| amarilla | /a.ma.ˈɾi.ʎa/ | amarela | /ɐ.mɐ.ˈɾɛ.lɐ/ | yellow (fem) |
| amarillo | /a.ma.ˈɾi.ʎo/ | amarelo | /ɐ.mɐ.ˈɾɛ.lu/ | yellow |
| castillo | /kas.ˈti.ʎo/ | castelo | /kɐʃ.ˈtɛ.lu/ | castle |
| cifra | /ˈθi.fɾa/ | zero | /ˈzɛ.ɾu/ | cipher, digit |
/ɛ/⟨é⟩ → /e/16 pairs
source/ɛ/
→ /e/⟨é⟩ · 16
outcome/e/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bélica | /ˈbe.li.ka/ | bélica | /ˈbɛ.li.kɐ/ | warlike |
| bélico | /ˈbe.li.ko/ | bélico | /ˈbɛ.li.ku/ | warlike |
| décima | /ˈde.θi.ma/ | décima | /ˈdɛ.si.mɐ/ | tenth (fem) |
| décimo | /ˈde.θi.mo/ | décimo | /ˈdɛ.si.mu/ | tenth |
| médico | /ˈme.ði.ko/ | médico | /ˈmɛ.di.ku/ | doctor |
| médica | /ˈme.ði.ka/ | médica | /ˈmɛ.di.kɐ/ | female doctor |
| mérita | /ˈme.ɾi.ta/ | mérita | /ˈmɛ.ɾi.tɐ/ | meritorious (fem) |
| mérito | /ˈme.ɾi.to/ | mérito | /ˈmɛ.ɾi.tu/ | merit |
| métrica | /ˈme.tɾi.ka/ | métrica | /ˈmɛ.tɾi.kɐ/ | metrical, metrics |
| métrico | /ˈme.tɾi.ko/ | métrico | /ˈmɛ.tɾi.ku/ | metrical |
| pérfida | /ˈpeɾ.fi.ða/ | pérfida | /ˈpɛɾ.fi.dɐ/ | perfidious, treacherous (fem) |
| pérfido | /ˈpeɾ.fi.ðo/ | pérfido | /ˈpɛɾ.fi.du/ | perfidious, treacherous |
| doméstica | /do.ˈmes.ti.ka/ | doméstica | /du.ˈmɛʃ.ti.kɐ/ | domestic |
| doméstico | /do.ˈmes.ti.ko/ | doméstico | /du.ˈmɛʃ.ti.ku/ | domestic |
| café | /ka.ˈfe/ | café | /kɐ.ˈfɛ/ | coffee |
| hégira | /ˈe.xi.ɾa/ | hégira | /ˈɛ.ʒi.ɾɐ/ | Hijra |