A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Stressed-nasal-e: /en, ˈjen/ ↔ /ẽ/; /eŋ, ˈjem/ → /ẽ/
125 cognate pairs
Spanish → Portuguese
/en/⟨en⟩ → /ẽ/15 pairs
source
/e/ 
/n/
→ /ẽ/⟨en⟩ · 15
outcome
/ẽ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| entre | /ˈen.tɾe/ | entre | /ˈẽ.tɾɨ/ | between |
| gente | /ˈxen.te/ | gente | /ˈʒẽ.tɨ/ | people, folk |
| lenta | /ˈlen.ta/ | lenta | /ˈlẽ.tɐ/ | slow |
| lento | /ˈlen.to/ | lento | /ˈlẽ.tu/ | slow |
| agente | /a.ˈxen.te/ | agente | /ɐ.ˈʒẽ.tɨ/ | agent |
| centro | /ˈθen.tɾo/ | centro | /ˈsẽ.tɾu/ | center |
| dentro | /ˈden.tɾo/ | dentro | /ˈdẽ.tɾu/ | within |
| momento | /mo.ˈmen.to/ | momento | /mu.ˈmẽ.tu/ | moment |
| regente | /re.ˈxen.te/ | regente | /ʁɨ.ˈʒẽ.tɨ/ | regent, ruler |
| presente | /pɾe.ˈsen.te/ | presente | /pɾɨ.ˈzẽ.tɨ/ | present, gift |
| prudente | /pɾu.ˈðen.te/ | prudente | /pɾu.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | prudent |
| regendo | /re.ˈxen.do/ | regendo | /ʁɨ.ˈʒẽ.du/ | ruling (archaic |
| bento | /ˈben.to/ | bento | /ˈbẽ.tu/ | bento, lunch box |
| mensch | /mentʃ/ | mensch | /mẽʃ/ | mensch, decent person |
| sencha | /ˈsen.tʃa/ | sencha | /ˈsẽ.tʃɐ/ | sencha, green tea |
/eŋ/⟨en⟩ → /ẽ/3 pairs
source/e/ 
/ŋ/
→ /ẽ/⟨en⟩ · 3
outcome/ẽ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| enka | /ˈeŋ.ka/ | enka | /ˈẽ.kɐ/ | enka, Japanese ballad genre |
| jenga | /ˈxeŋ.ga/ | jenga | /ˈʒẽ.gɐ/ | jenga |
| arenque | /a.ˈɾeŋ.ke/ | arenque | /ɐ.ˈɾẽ.kɨ/ | herring |
/jem/⟨iem⟩ → /ẽ/5 pairs
source
/j/ /e/ 
/m/
→ /ẽ/⟨em⟩ · 5
outcome/ẽ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tiempo | /ˈtjem.po/ | tempo | /ˈtẽ.pu/ | time |
| siempre | /ˈsjem.pɾe/ | sempre | /ˈsẽ.pɾɨ/ | always |
| diciembre | /di.ˈθjem.bɾe/ | dezembro | /dɨ.ˈzẽ.bɾu/ | December |
| noviembre | /no.ˈβjem.bɾe/ | novembro | /nu.ˈvẽ.bɾu/ | November |
| setiembre | /se.ˈtjem.bɾe/ | setembro | /sɨ.ˈtẽ.bɾu/ | September |
/jen/⟨ien⟩ → /ẽ/36 pairs
source/j/ /e/ /n/
→ /ẽ/⟨en⟩ · 36
outcome/ẽ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ciento | /ˈθjen.to/ | cento | /ˈsẽ.tu/ | hundred |
| diente | /ˈdjen.te/ | dente | /ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | tooth |
| viento | /ˈbjen.to/ | vento | /ˈvẽ.tu/ | wind |
| vientre | /ˈbjen.tɾe/ | ventre | /ˈvẽ.tɾɨ/ | belly |
| ardiente | /aɾ.ˈðjen.te/ | ardente | /ɐɾ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | burning, ardent |
| bebiente | /be.ˈβjen.te/ | bevente | /bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | drinking |
| debiente | /de.ˈβjen.te/ | devente | /dɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | owing |
| luciente | /lu.ˈθjen.te/ | lucente | /lu.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | shining, bright |
| maniente | /ma.ˈnjen.te/ | manente | /mɐ.ˈnẽ.tɨ/ | remaining (rare) |
| moviente | /mo.ˈβjen.te/ | movente | /mu.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | moving |
| pariente | /pa.ˈɾjen.te/ | parente | /pɐ.ˈɾẽ.tɨ/ | parent, relative |
| taciente | /ta.ˈθjen.te/ | tacente | /tɐ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | silent |
| temiente | /te.ˈmjen.te/ | temente | /tɨ.ˈmẽ.tɨ/ | fearing |
| teniente | /te.ˈnjen.te/ | tenente | /tɨ.ˈnẽ.tɨ/ | lieutenant |
| valiente | /ba.ˈljen.te/ | valente | /vɐ.ˈlẽ.tɨ/ | valiant |
| viviente | /bi.ˈβjen.te/ | vivente | /vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | living, alive |
| yaciente | /ja.ˈθjen.te/ | jazente | /ʒɐ.ˈzẽ.tɨ/ | lying |
| corriente | /ko.ˈrjen.te/ | corrente | /ku.ˈʁẽ.tɨ/ | current, running |
| ferviente | /feɾ.ˈβjen.te/ | fervente | /fɨɾ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | fervent, ardent |
| mordiente | /moɾ.ˈðjen.te/ | mordente | /muɾ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | biting, mordant |
| placiente | /pla.ˈθjen.te/ | prazente | /pɾɐ.ˈzẽ.tɨ/ | pleasing |
| rompiente | /rom.ˈpjen.te/ | rompente | /ʁõ.ˈpẽ.tɨ/ | breaking |
| serpiente | /seɾ.ˈpjen.te/ | serpente | /sɨɾ.ˈpẽ.tɨ/ | snake |
| tendiente | /ten.ˈdjen.te/ | tendente | /tẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | extending |
| venciente | /ben.ˈθjen.te/ | vencente | /vẽ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | winning, winner |
| vertiente | /beɾ.ˈtjen.te/ | vertente | /vɨɾ.ˈtẽ.tɨ/ | slope, watershed |
| prendiente | /pɾen.ˈdjen.te/ | prendente | /pɾẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | taking, hanging |
| cien | /θjen/ | cento | /ˈsẽ.tu/ | one hundred (apocopated) |
| duciente | /du.ˈθjen.te/ | ducente | /du.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | leading (archaic) |
| mordiendo | /moɾ.ˈðjen.do/ | mordendo | /muɾ.ˈdẽ.du/ | biting (gerund) |
| perdiendo | /peɾ.ˈðjen.do/ | perdendo | /pɨɾ.ˈdẽ.du/ | losing (gerund) |
| rompiendo | /rom.ˈpjen.do/ | rompendo | /ʁõ.ˈpẽ.du/ | breaking (gerund) |
| vendiendo | /ben.ˈdjen.do/ | vendendo | /vẽ.ˈdẽ.du/ | selling (gerund) |
| deciente | /de.ˈθjen.te/ | decente | /dɨ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | decent (rare |
| ridiente | /ri.ˈðjen.te/ | ridente | /ʁi.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | laughing (rare/archaic |
| vendiente | /ben.ˈdjen.te/ | vendente | /vẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | selling (rare |
/jen/⟨ién⟩ → /ɐ̃j/2 pairs
source/j/ /e/ /n/
→ /ɐ̃j/⟨em⟩ · 1
outcome
/ɐ̃/ /j/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| quién | /kjen/ | quem | /kɐ̃j/ | who |
→ /ɐ̃j/⟨ém⟩ · 1
outcome/ɐ̃/ /j/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| también | /tam.ˈbjen/ | também | /tɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃j/ | also |
Portuguese → Spanish
/ẽ/⟨en⟩ → /jen, en, n, eŋ/59 pairs
source/ẽ/
→ /jen/⟨ien⟩ · before coronal · 36
outcome/j/ /e/ /n/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ciento | /ˈθjen.to/ | cento | /ˈsẽ.tu/ | hundred |
| diente | /ˈdjen.te/ | dente | /ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | tooth |
| viento | /ˈbjen.to/ | vento | /ˈvẽ.tu/ | wind |
| vientre | /ˈbjen.tɾe/ | ventre | /ˈvẽ.tɾɨ/ | belly |
| ardiente | /aɾ.ˈðjen.te/ | ardente | /ɐɾ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | burning, ardent |
| bebiente | /be.ˈβjen.te/ | bevente | /bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | drinking |
| debiente | /de.ˈβjen.te/ | devente | /dɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | owing |
| luciente | /lu.ˈθjen.te/ | lucente | /lu.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | shining, bright |
| maniente | /ma.ˈnjen.te/ | manente | /mɐ.ˈnẽ.tɨ/ | remaining (rare) |
| moviente | /mo.ˈβjen.te/ | movente | /mu.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | moving |
| pariente | /pa.ˈɾjen.te/ | parente | /pɐ.ˈɾẽ.tɨ/ | parent, relative |
| taciente | /ta.ˈθjen.te/ | tacente | /tɐ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | silent |
| temiente | /te.ˈmjen.te/ | temente | /tɨ.ˈmẽ.tɨ/ | fearing |
| teniente | /te.ˈnjen.te/ | tenente | /tɨ.ˈnẽ.tɨ/ | lieutenant |
| valiente | /ba.ˈljen.te/ | valente | /vɐ.ˈlẽ.tɨ/ | valiant |
| viviente | /bi.ˈβjen.te/ | vivente | /vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | living, alive |
| yaciente | /ja.ˈθjen.te/ | jazente | /ʒɐ.ˈzẽ.tɨ/ | lying |
| corriente | /ko.ˈrjen.te/ | corrente | /ku.ˈʁẽ.tɨ/ | current, running |
| ferviente | /feɾ.ˈβjen.te/ | fervente | /fɨɾ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/ | fervent, ardent |
| mordiente | /moɾ.ˈðjen.te/ | mordente | /muɾ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | biting, mordant |
| placiente | /pla.ˈθjen.te/ | prazente | /pɾɐ.ˈzẽ.tɨ/ | pleasing |
| rompiente | /rom.ˈpjen.te/ | rompente | /ʁõ.ˈpẽ.tɨ/ | breaking |
| serpiente | /seɾ.ˈpjen.te/ | serpente | /sɨɾ.ˈpẽ.tɨ/ | snake |
| tendiente | /ten.ˈdjen.te/ | tendente | /tẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | extending |
| venciente | /ben.ˈθjen.te/ | vencente | /vẽ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | winning, winner |
| vertiente | /beɾ.ˈtjen.te/ | vertente | /vɨɾ.ˈtẽ.tɨ/ | slope, watershed |
| prendiente | /pɾen.ˈdjen.te/ | prendente | /pɾẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | taking, hanging |
| cien | /θjen/ | cento | /ˈsẽ.tu/ | one hundred (apocopated) |
| duciente | /du.ˈθjen.te/ | ducente | /du.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | leading (archaic) |
| mordiendo | /moɾ.ˈðjen.do/ | mordendo | /muɾ.ˈdẽ.du/ | biting (gerund) |
| perdiendo | /peɾ.ˈðjen.do/ | perdendo | /pɨɾ.ˈdẽ.du/ | losing (gerund) |
| rompiendo | /rom.ˈpjen.do/ | rompendo | /ʁõ.ˈpẽ.du/ | breaking (gerund) |
| vendiendo | /ben.ˈdjen.do/ | vendendo | /vẽ.ˈdẽ.du/ | selling (gerund) |
| deciente | /de.ˈθjen.te/ | decente | /dɨ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/ | decent (rare |
| ridiente | /ri.ˈðjen.te/ | ridente | /ʁi.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | laughing (rare/archaic |
| vendiente | /ben.ˈdjen.te/ | vendente | /vẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | selling (rare |
→ /en/⟨en⟩ · before coronal · 15
outcome/e/ /n/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| entre | /ˈen.tɾe/ | entre | /ˈẽ.tɾɨ/ | between |
| gente | /ˈxen.te/ | gente | /ˈʒẽ.tɨ/ | people, folk |
| lenta | /ˈlen.ta/ | lenta | /ˈlẽ.tɐ/ | slow |
| lento | /ˈlen.to/ | lento | /ˈlẽ.tu/ | slow |
| agente | /a.ˈxen.te/ | agente | /ɐ.ˈʒẽ.tɨ/ | agent |
| centro | /ˈθen.tɾo/ | centro | /ˈsẽ.tɾu/ | center |
| dentro | /ˈden.tɾo/ | dentro | /ˈdẽ.tɾu/ | within |
| momento | /mo.ˈmen.to/ | momento | /mu.ˈmẽ.tu/ | moment |
| regente | /re.ˈxen.te/ | regente | /ʁɨ.ˈʒẽ.tɨ/ | regent, ruler |
| presente | /pɾe.ˈsen.te/ | presente | /pɾɨ.ˈzẽ.tɨ/ | present, gift |
| prudente | /pɾu.ˈðen.te/ | prudente | /pɾu.ˈdẽ.tɨ/ | prudent |
| regendo | /re.ˈxen.do/ | regendo | /ʁɨ.ˈʒẽ.du/ | ruling (archaic |
| bento | /ˈben.to/ | bento | /ˈbẽ.tu/ | bento, lunch box |
| mensch | /mentʃ/ | mensch | /mẽʃ/ | mensch, decent person |
| sencha | /ˈsen.tʃa/ | sencha | /ˈsẽ.tʃɐ/ | sencha, green tea |
→ /n/⟨n⟩ · before coronal · 5
outcome/n/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| noventa | /no.ˈβen.ta/ | noventa | /nu.ˈvẽ.tɐ/ | ninety |
| ochenta | /o.ˈtʃen.ta/ | oitenta | /oj.ˈtẽ.tɐ/ | eighty |
| sesenta | /se.ˈsen.ta/ | sessenta | /sɨ.ˈsẽ.tɐ/ | sixty |
| setenta | /se.ˈten.ta/ | setenta | /sɨ.ˈtẽ.tɐ/ | seventy |
| cuarenta | /kwa.ˈɾen.ta/ | quarenta | /kwɐ.ˈɾẽ.tɐ/ | forty |
→ /eŋ/⟨en⟩ · not before coronal · 3
outcome/e/ /ŋ/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| enka | /ˈeŋ.ka/ | enka | /ˈẽ.kɐ/ | enka, Japanese ballad genre |
| jenga | /ˈxeŋ.ga/ | jenga | /ˈʒẽ.gɐ/ | jenga |
| arenque | /a.ˈɾeŋ.ke/ | arenque | /ɐ.ˈɾẽ.kɨ/ | herring |
/ẽ/⟨em⟩ → /jem/5 pairs
source/ẽ/
→ /jem/⟨iem⟩ · 5
outcome/j/ /e/ /m/
| Spanish | ES IPA | Portuguese | PT IPA | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tiempo | /ˈtjem.po/ | tempo | /ˈtẽ.pu/ | time |
| siempre | /ˈsjem.pɾe/ | sempre | /ˈsẽ.pɾɨ/ | always |
| diciembre | /di.ˈθjem.bɾe/ | dezembro | /dɨ.ˈzẽ.bɾu/ | December |
| noviembre | /no.ˈβjem.bɾe/ | novembro | /nu.ˈvẽ.bɾu/ | November |
| setiembre | /se.ˈtjem.bɾe/ | setembro | /sɨ.ˈtẽ.bɾu/ | September |