A Refactoring of Spanish & Portuguese · companion data
Chapter 4.8

B-v: /b, β/ ↔ /b, v/

996 cognate pairs

Spanish → Portuguese

/b/⟨v⟩ → /v/138 pairs
source
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
/v/⟨v⟩ · 138
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /v/
/v/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
ver/beɾ/ver/veɾ/to see
vez/beθ/vez/veʃ/turn, time
víabi.a/viavi.ɐ/way, road, route
vid/bið/videvi.dɨ/vine
vacaba.ka/vacava.kɐ/cow
vasoba.so/vasova.zu/vessel
verabe.ɾa/verave.ɾɐ/true (feminine, literary)
vidabi.ða/vidavi.dɐ/life
vinobi.no/vinhovi.ɲu/wine
visobi.so/visovi.zu/view, glimpse, appearance
vivabi.βa/vivavi.vɐ/alive (feminine)
vivobi.βo/vivovi.vu/alive
viñabi.ɲa/vinhavi.ɲɐ/vineyard
vacío/ba.ˈθi.o/vazio/vɐ.ˈzi.u/empty
vagar/ba.ˈɣaɾ/vagar/vɐ.ˈgaɾ/to wander, roam
valer/ba.ˈleɾ/valer/vɐ.ˈleɾ/to be worth
valleba.ʎe/valeva.lɨ/valley
valor/ba.ˈloɾ/valor/vɐ.ˈloɾ/value
vapor/ba.ˈpoɾ/vapor/vɐ.ˈpoɾ/vapor, steam
vedar/be.ˈðaɾ/vedar/vɨ.ˈdaɾ/to forbid, prohibit
velar/be.ˈlaɾ/velar/vɨ.ˈlaɾ/to veil, watch over
veraz/be.ˈɾaθ/veraz/vɨ.ˈɾaʃ/truthful
verbobeɾ.βo/verboveɾ.bu/verb, word
verdebeɾ.ðe/verdeveɾ.dɨ/green
vergabeɾ.ɣa/vergaveɾ.gɐ/rod, switch
viajebja.xe/viagem/vi.ˈa.ʒɐ̃j/journey, trip
vigor/bi.ˈɣoɾ/vigor/vi.ˈgoɾ/vigor, strength
villabi.ʎa/vilavi.lɐ/town, villa
vital/bi.ˈtal/vital/vi.ˈtaɫ/vital
vocal/bo.ˈkal/vocal/vu.ˈkaɫ/vocal, vowel
volar/bo.ˈlaɾ/voar/vu.ˈaɾ/to fly
voraz/bo.ˈɾaθ/voraz/vu.ˈɾaʃ/voracious
votar/bo.ˈtaɾ/votar/vu.ˈtaɾ/to vote
vagada/ba.ˈɣa.ða/vagada/vɐ.ˈga.dɐ/wandered (feminine)
vagado/ba.ˈɣa.ðo/vagado/vɐ.ˈga.du/wandered
vecina/be.ˈθi.na/vizinha/vi.ˈzi.ɲɐ/neighbor
vecino/be.ˈθi.no/vizinho/vi.ˈzi.ɲu/neighbor
velado/be.ˈla.ðo/velado/vɨ.ˈla.du/veiled, watched over
vencer/ben.ˈθeɾ/vencer/vẽ.ˈseɾ/to conquer
vender/ben.ˈdeɾ/vender/vẽ.ˈdeɾ/to sell
veneno/be.ˈne.no/veneno/vɨ.ˈne.nu/poison
venoso/be.ˈno.so/venoso/vɨ.ˈno.zu/veiny
verdad/beɾ.ˈðað/verdade/vɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/truth
verter/beɾ.ˈteɾ/verter/vɨɾ.ˈteɾ/to pour, shed
vestir/bes.ˈtiɾ/vestir/vɨʃ.ˈtiɾ/to dress, clothe
vidriobi.ðɾjo/vidrovi.dɾu/glass
vinoso/bi.ˈno.so/vinoso/vi.ˈno.zu/vinous, wine-like
virgenbiɾ.xen/virgemviɾ.ʒɐ̃j/virgin
viroso/bi.ˈɾo.so/viroso/vi.ˈɾo.zu/poisonous, viral
virtud/biɾ.ˈtuð/virtude/viɾ.ˈtu.dɨ/virtue
volada/bo.ˈla.ða/voada/vu.ˈa.dɐ/flown (feminine)
volado/bo.ˈla.ðo/voado/vu.ˈa.du/flown
votada/bo.ˈta.ða/votada/vu.ˈta.dɐ/voted, vowed (feminine)
votado/bo.ˈta.ðo/votado/vu.ˈta.du/voted, vowed
válidaba.li.ða/válidava.li.dɐ/valid (fem)
válidoba.li.ðo/válidova.li.du/valid
vívidabi.βi.ða/vívidavi.vi.dɐ/vivid, lively (fem)
vívidobi.βi.ðo/vívidovi.vi.du/vivid, lively
vagador/ba.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/vagador/vɐ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/wanderer (rare)
vanidad/ba.ni.ˈðað/vanidade/vɐ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/vanity
velador/be.la.ˈðoɾ/velador/vɨ.lɐ.ˈdoɾ/watcher, night-table
venador/be.na.ˈðoɾ/venador/vɨ.nɐ.ˈdoɾ/hunter
ventoso/ben.ˈto.so/ventoso/vẽ.ˈto.zu/windy
vestida/bes.ˈti.ða/vestida/vɨʃ.ˈti.dɐ/dressed
vestido/bes.ˈti.ðo/vestido/vɨʃ.ˈti.du/dress, garment
volador/bo.la.ˈðoɾ/voador/vu.ɐ.ˈdoɾ/flier, flying
voltada/bol.ˈta.ða/voltada/voɫ.ˈta.dɐ/turned, flipped (fem)
voltado/bol.ˈta.ðo/voltado/voɫ.ˈta.du/turned, flipped
votador/bo.ta.ˈðoɾ/votador/vu.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/voter
valoroso/ba.lo.ˈɾo.so/valoroso/vɐ.lu.ˈɾo.zu/valorous, brave
vaporoso/ba.po.ˈɾo.so/vaporoso/vɐ.pu.ˈɾo.zu/vaporous, steamy
voltador/bol.ta.ˈðoɾ/voltador/voɫ.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/flipper, somersaulter
voluntad/bo.lun.ˈtað/vontade/võ.ˈta.dɨ/will
vespertina/bes.peɾ.ˈti.na/vespertina/vɨʃ.pɨɾ.ˈti.nɐ/evening, vespertine (fem)
vespertino/bes.peɾ.ˈti.no/vespertino/vɨʃ.pɨɾ.ˈti.nu/evening, vespertine
voz/boθ/voz/vɔʃ/voice
vanaba.na/vã/vɐ̃/vain
vanoba.no/vão/vɐ̃w/empty, vain
velabe.la/velavɛ.lɐ/candle
venabe.na/veiavej.ɐ/vein
verobe.ɾo/verovɛ.ɾu/true (literary)
votobo.to/votovɔ.tu/vow
vermebeɾ.me/vermevɛɾ.mɨ/worm (medical/technical)
versobeɾ.so/versovɛɾ.su/verse
viejabje.xa/velhavɛ.ʎɐ/old
viejobje.xo/velhovɛ.ʎu/old
vivir/bi.ˈβiɾ/viver/vi.ˈveɾ/to live
veintebejn.te/vintevĩ.tɨ/twenty
venosa/be.ˈno.sa/venosa/vɨ.ˈnɔ.zɐ/veiny
verano/be.ˈɾa.no/verão/vɨ.ˈɾɐ̃w/summer
vientobjen.to/ventovẽ.tu/wind
vinosa/bi.ˈno.sa/vinosa/vi.ˈnɔ.zɐ/vinous, wine-like
virosa/bi.ˈɾo.sa/virosa/vi.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/poisonous, viral
vagante/ba.ˈɣan.te/vagante/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/wandering, vagrant
vedante/be.ˈðan.te/vedante/vɨ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/forbidding
velante/be.ˈlan.te/velante/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/veiling
ventosa/ben.ˈto.sa/ventosa/vẽ.ˈtɔ.zɐ/windy (fem)
vientrebjen.tɾe/ventrevẽ.tɾɨ/belly
villano/bi.ˈʎa.no/vilão/vi.ˈlɐ̃w/serf, villain
vocante/bo.ˈkan.te/vocante/vu.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/vacant
volante/bo.ˈlan.te/volante/vu.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/flying, steering wheel
votante/bo.ˈtan.te/votante/vu.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/voting, voter
vuestrabwes.tɾa/vossavɔ.sɐ/your (pl, familiar, fem)
vuestrobwes.tɾo/vossovo.su/your (pl, familiar)
valiente/ba.ˈljen.te/valente/vɐ.ˈlẽ.tɨ/valiant
valorosa/ba.lo.ˈɾo.sa/valorosa/vɐ.lu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/valorous, brave (fem)
vaporosa/ba.po.ˈɾo.sa/vaporosa/vɐ.pu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/vaporous (fem)
variante/baɾ.ˈjan.te/variante/vɐɾ.ˈjɐ̃.tɨ/variant
veterana/be.te.ˈɾa.na/veterana/vɨ.tɨ.ˈɾɐ.nɐ/veteran
veterano/be.te.ˈɾa.no/veterano/vɨ.tɨ.ˈɾɐ.nu/veteran
viviente/bi.ˈβjen.te/vivente/vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/living, alive
vosotros/bo.ˈso.tɾos/vós/vɔʃ/you (2pl)
venciente/ben.ˈθjen.te/vencente/vẽ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/winning, winner
vertiente/beɾ.ˈtjen.te/vertente/vɨɾ.ˈtẽ.tɨ/slope, watershed
vigilante/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/vigilante/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/vigilant, watchful
vagando/ba.ˈɣan.do/vagando/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.du/wandering (gerund)
velando/be.ˈlan.do/velando/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.du/veiling, watching over (gerund)
volando/bo.ˈlan.do/voando/vu.ˈɐ̃.du/flying (gerund)
votando/bo.ˈtan.do/votando/vu.ˈtɐ̃.du/voting (gerund)
voltando/bol.ˈtan.do/voltando/voɫ.ˈtɐ̃.du/turning, flipping (gerund)
vendiendo/ben.ˈdjen.do/vendendo/vẽ.ˈdẽ.du/selling (gerund)
vendiente/ben.ˈdjen.te/vendente/vẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/selling (rare
vadaba.ða/vadava.dɐ/vada, fried snack
vals/bals/valsavaɫ.sɐ/waltz
vedabe.ða/vedave.dɐ/Veda, sacred knowledge
varnabaɾ.na/varnavaɾ.nɐ/varna, Vedic social class
vidyabid.ja/vidyavi.djɐ/vidya, knowledge
varuna/ba.ˈɾu.na/varuna/vɐ.ˈɾu.nɐ/Varuna, Vedic deity
vishnubiʃ.nu/vishnuviʃ.nu/Vishnu, Hindu deity
vishvabiʃ.ba/vishvaviʃ.vɐ/vishva, the universe
mitzvah/mits.ˈba/mitzvah/mits.ˈva/mitzvah, commandment
nirvana/niɾ.ˈba.na/nirvana/niɾ.ˈva.nɐ/nirvana
parvati/ˈpaɾ.ba.ti/parvati/ˈpaɾ.vɐ.ti/Parvati, Hindu goddess
derviche/deɾ.ˈbi.tʃe/derviche/dɨɾ.ˈvi.ʃɨ/derviche
vairagya/baj.ˈɾag.ja/vairagya/vɐj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/vairagya, dispassion
vipassana/bi.ˈpa.sa.na/vipassana/vi.ˈpa.sɐ.nɐ/vipassana, insight meditation
vodkaboð.ka/vodcavɔd.kɐ/vodka
vodkaboð.ka/vodkavɔd.kɐ/vodka
/b/⟨b⟩ → /b/100 pairs
source
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
/b/⟨b⟩ · 100
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
bajar/ba.ˈxaɾ/baixar/baj.ˈʃaɾ/to lower
barbabaɾ.βa/barbabaɾ.bɐ/beard
barcabaɾ.ka/barcabaɾ.kɐ/boat
beber/be.ˈβeɾ/beber/bɨ.ˈbeɾ/to drink
brazobɾa.θo/braçobɾa.su/arm
bailar/baj.ˈlaɾ/bailar/baj.ˈlaɾ/to dance
bondad/bon.ˈdað/bondade/bõ.ˈda.dɨ/goodness
bovina/bo.ˈβi.na/bovina/bu.ˈvi.nɐ/bovine
bovino/bo.ˈβi.no/bovino/bu.ˈvi.nu/bovine
brutal/bɾu.ˈtal/brutal/bɾu.ˈtaɫ/brutal
barbada/baɾ.ˈβa.ða/barbada/bɐɾ.ˈba.dɐ/bearded
barbado/baɾ.ˈβa.ðo/barbado/bɐɾ.ˈba.du/bearded
barbarabaɾ.βa.ɾa/barbarabaɾ.bɐ.ɾɐ/barbarian
bárbarobaɾ.βa.ɾo/bárbarobaɾ.bɐ.ɾu/barbarian
brevedad/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/brevidade/bɾɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/brevity
bajoba.xo/baixobaj.ʃu/low, below
bañoba.ɲo/banhobɐ.ɲu/bath
bien/bjen/bem/bɐ̃j/well
bocabo.ka/bocabɔ.kɐ/mouth
buey/bwej/boi/boj/ox, bull
bancobaŋ.ko/bancobɐ̃.ku/bench, bank
bellabe.ʎa/belabɛ.lɐ/beautiful
bellobe.ʎo/belobɛ.lu/beautiful
brevebɾe.βe/brevebɾɛ.vɨ/brief
buenabwe.na/boabo.ɐ/good
buenobwe.no/bom/bõ/good
bestiabes.tja/bestabɛʃ.tɐ/beast
blancablaŋ.ka/brancabɾɐ̃.kɐ/white
blancoblaŋ.ko/brancobɾɐ̃.ku/white
bélicabe.li.ka/bélicabɛ.li.kɐ/warlike
bélicobe.li.ko/bélicobɛ.li.ku/warlike
objeto/ob.ˈxe.to/objeto/ub.ˈʒɛ.tu/object
miembro/ˈmjem.bɾo/membro/ˈmẽ.bɾu/limb, member
también/tam.ˈbjen/também/tɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃j/also
bebiente/be.ˈβjen.te/bevente/bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/drinking
diciembre/di.ˈθjem.bɾe/dezembro/dɨ.ˈzẽ.bɾu/December
noviembre/no.ˈβjem.bɾe/novembro/nu.ˈvẽ.bɾu/November
setiembre/se.ˈtjem.bɾe/setembro/sɨ.ˈtẽ.bɾu/September
gamba/ˈgam.ba/gamba/ˈgɐm.bɐ/shrimp (re-borrowed from Italian
bey/bej/bei/bej/bey, Turkish lord
budabu.ða/budabu.dɐ/Buddha
budobu.ðo/budobu.du/budo, martial arts
balut/ba.ˈlut/balut/bɐ.ˈlut/balut, fertilized duck egg
bambu/bam.ˈbu/bambu/bɐ̃.ˈbu/bambú, bamboo
bambú/bam.ˈbu/bambu/bɐ̃.ˈbu/bamboo
baoziba.o.θi/baoziba.u.zi/baozi, steamed bun
bazar/ba.ˈθaɾ/bazar/bɐ.ˈzaɾ/bazaar, marketplace
bhajiba.xi/bhajiba.ʒi/bhaji, vegetable fritter
bhumibu.mi/bhumibu.mi/bhumi, earth, ground
blitz/blits/blitz/blits/blitz
bodhibo.ði/bodhibo.di/bodhi
bordeboɾ.ðe/bordoboɾ.du/edge, border
burkabuɾ.ka/burcabuɾ.kɐ/burka
hiyab/i.ˈʝab/hijab/i.ˈʒab/hiyab
kebab/ke.ˈβab/kebab/kɛ.ˈba.bɨ/kebab
niqab/ni.ˈkab/niqab/ni.ˈkab/niqab, face veil
qibla/ˈki.bla/qibla/ˈki.blɐ/qibla, prayer direction
sahib/sa.ˈib/sahib/sɐ.ˈib/sahib
banana/ba.ˈna.na/banana/bɐ.ˈna.nɐ/banana
banhmi/baɲ.ˈmi/banhmi/bɐɲ.ˈmi/banh mi, Vietnamese sandwich
baraka/ba.ˈɾa.ka/baraka/bɐ.ˈɾa.kɐ/baraka, divine blessing
batata/ba.ˈta.ta/batata/bɐ.ˈta.tɐ/sweet potato
bhaktabak.ta/bhaktabak.tɐ/bhakta, devotee
bhaktibak.ti/bhaktibak.ti/bhakti, Hindu devotion
brahmabɾa.ma/brahmabɾa.mɐ/Brahma
buddhibu.ði/buddhibu.di/buddhi, intellect
buscar/bus.ˈkaɾ/buscar/buʃ.ˈkaɾ/to seek
sambal/ˈsam.bal/sambal/sɐ̃.ˈbaɫ/sambal, chili paste
tambor/tam.ˈboɾ/tambor/tɐ̃.ˈboɾ/drum
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baclava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baklava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
bandana/ban.ˈda.na/bandhana/bɐ̃.ˈda.nɐ/bandana
bulgogi/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/bulgogi/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/bulgogi, grilled beef
bushido/bu.ˈʃi.ðo/bushido/bu.ˈʃi.du/bushido
donburi/don.ˈbu.ɾi/donburi/dõ.ˈbu.ɾi/donburi, rice bowl dish
mukbang/ˈmuk.ban/mukbang/ˈmuk.bɐ̃/mukbang, eating broadcast
babushka/ba.ˈβuʃ.ka/babushka/bɐ.ˈbuʃ.kɐ/babushka
bibimbap/bi.βim.ˈbap/bibimbap/bi.bim.ˈbap/bibimbap
kombucha/kom.ˈbu.tʃa/kombucha/kõ.ˈbu.tʃɐ/kombucha
bailarina/baj.la.ˈɾi.na/bailarina/bɐjlɐ.ˈɾi.nɐ/dancer (f.)
burgobuɾ.ɣo/burgobuɾ.gu/town (archaic, retained in placenames)
bagel/ba.ˈɣel/bagel/baʒɛw/bagel
barón/ba.ˈɾon/barão/bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/baron
bentoben.to/bentobẽ.tu/bento, lunch box
kombu/ˈkom.bu/kombu/ˈkõ.bu/kombu, edible kelp
ámbar/ˈam.baɾ/âmbar/ˈɐ̃.bɐɾ/amber
banzai/ban.ˈsa.i/banzai/bɐ̃.ˈzaj/banzai
barrioba.rjo/bairrobaj.ʁu/neighborhood, district
bonsái/bon.ˈsa.i/bonsai/bõ.ˈsaj/bonsai
bosquebos.ke/bosquebɔʃ.kɨ/forest, woods
hanbok/an.ˈbok/hanbok/ɐ̃.ˈbɔk/hanbok, traditional Korean clothing
kanban/kan.ˈban/kanban/kɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃/kanban, signboard / scheduling system
kimbap/ˈkim.bap/kimbap/ˈkĩ.bɐp/kimbap, Korean rice-and-seaweed roll
banchan/ban.ˈtʃan/banchan/bɐ̃.ˈtʃɐ̃/banchan, Korean side dishes
bellota/be.ˈʎo.ta/bolota/bu.ˈlɔ.tɐ/acorn
barbacoa/baɾ.ba.ˈko.a/barbacoa/bɐɾ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɐ/barbecue, grill
bungalow/buŋ.ˈga.lo/bangalo/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/bungalow, single-story house
rambutan/ram.bu.ˈtan/rambutan/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/rambután, tropical fruit
rambutan/ram.bu.ˈtan/rambutao/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/rambután, tropical fruit
turbante/tuɾ.ˈban.te/turbante/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.tɨ/turban, headwrap
/β/⟨b⟩ → /b, v/133 pairs
source
Sagittal articulation of /β/
/β/
/b/⟨b⟩ · 96
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
abad/a.ˈβað/abade/ɐ.ˈba.dɨ/abbot
cabo/ˈka.βo/cabo/ˈka.bu/cape, end, edge
lobo/ˈlo.βo/lobo/ˈlo.bu/wolf
abril/a.ˈβɾil/abril/ɐ.ˈbɾiɫ/April
abrir/a.ˈβɾiɾ/abrir/ɐ.ˈbɾiɾ/to open
barba/ˈbaɾ.βa/barba/ˈbaɾ.bɐ/beard
beber/be.ˈβeɾ/beber/bɨ.ˈbeɾ/to drink
cabra/ˈka.βɾa/cabra/ˈka.bɾɐ/goat
libra/ˈli.βɾa/libra/ˈli.bɾɐ/pound
saber/sa.ˈβeɾ/saber/sɐ.ˈbeɾ/to know
sabor/sa.ˈβoɾ/sabor/sɐ.ˈboɾ/taste, flavor
subir/su.ˈβiɾ/subir/su.ˈbiɾ/to climb
verbo/ˈbeɾ.βo/verbo/ˈveɾ.bu/verb, word
acabar/a.ka.ˈβaɾ/acabar/ɐ.kɐ.ˈbaɾ/to finish
cabeza/ka.ˈβe.θa/cabeça/kɐ.ˈbe.sɐ/head
bito/ˈku.βi.to/bito/ˈku.bi.tu/cubit (ulna bone)
bida/ˈra.βi.ða/bida/ˈʁa.bi.dɐ/rabid (fem)
bido/ˈra.βi.ðo/bido/ˈʁa.bi.du/rabid, raging
bado/ˈsa.βa.ðo/bado/ˈsa.bɐ.du/Saturday
bito/ˈsu.βi.to/bito/ˈsu.bi.tu/sudden
turbar/tuɾ.ˈβaɾ/turbar/tuɾ.ˈbaɾ/to disturb
abusiva/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/abusiva/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/abusive (fem)
abusivo/a.βu.ˈsi.βo/abusivo/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vu/abusive
barbada/baɾ.ˈβa.ða/barbada/bɐɾ.ˈba.dɐ/bearded
barbado/baɾ.ˈβa.ðo/barbado/bɐɾ.ˈba.du/bearded
barbara/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾa/barbara/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾɐ/barbarian
bárbaro/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾo/bárbaro/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾu/barbarian
cabello/ka.ˈβe.ʎo/cabelo/kɐ.ˈbe.lu/hair
brica/ˈfa.βɾi.ka/brica/ˈfa.bɾi.kɐ/factory
globoso/glo.ˈβo.so/globoso/glu.ˈbo.zu/globular
herboso/eɾ.ˈβo.so/herboso/ɨɾ.ˈbo.zu/grassy
morboso/moɾ.ˈβo.so/morboso/muɾ.ˈbo.zu/sickly, morbid
octubre/ok.ˈtu.βɾe/outubro/ow.ˈtu.bɾu/October
robusta/ro.ˈβus.ta/robusta/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tɐ/robust, strong (fem)
robusto/ro.ˈβus.to/robusto/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tu/robust, strong
sobrino/so.ˈβɾi.no/sobrinho/su.ˈbɾi.ɲu/nephew
turbada/tuɾ.ˈβa.ða/turbada/tuɾ.ˈba.dɐ/disturbed (feminine)
turbado/tuɾ.ˈβa.ðo/turbado/tuɾ.ˈba.du/disturbed
liberada/li.βe.ˈɾa.ða/liberada/li.bɨ.ˈɾa.dɐ/freed, liberated
liberado/li.βe.ˈɾa.ðo/liberado/li.bɨ.ˈɾa.du/freed, liberated
libertad/li.βeɾ.ˈtað/liberdade/li.bɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/liberty
trabajar/tɾa.βa.ˈxaɾ/trabalhar/tɾɐ.bɐ.ˈʎaɾ/to work
turbador/tuɾ.βa.ˈðoɾ/turbador/tuɾ.bɐ.ˈdoɾ/disturber
tenebroso/te.ne.ˈβɾo.so/tenebroso/tɨ.nɨ.ˈbɾo.zu/dark, gloomy
loba/ˈlo.βa/loba/ˈlɔ.bɐ/she-wolf
obra/ˈo.βɾa/obra/ˈɔ.bɾɐ/work
pobre/ˈpo.βɾe/pobre/ˈpɔ.bɾɨ/poor
sobre/ˈso.βɾe/sobre/ˈsɔ.bɾɨ/on, over
liebre/ˈlje.βɾe/lebre/ˈlɛ.bɾɨ/hare
urbana/uɾ.ˈβa.na/urbana/uɾ.ˈbɐ.nɐ/urban
urbano/uɾ.ˈβa.no/urbano/uɾ.ˈbɐ.nu/urban
abierta/a.ˈβjeɾ.ta/aberta/ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tɐ/opened (feminine)
abierto/a.ˈβjeɾ.to/aberto/ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tu/opened, open
globosa/glo.ˈβo.sa/globosa/glu.ˈbɔ.zɐ/globular
herbosa/eɾ.ˈβo.sa/herbosa/ɨɾ.ˈbɔ.zɐ/grassy
morbosa/moɾ.ˈβo.sa/morbosa/muɾ.ˈbɔ.zɐ/sickly, morbid
mórbida/ˈmoɾ.βi.ða/mórbida/ˈmɔɾ.bi.dɐ/morbid (fem)
mórbido/ˈmoɾ.βi.ðo/mórbido/ˈmɔɾ.bi.du/morbid
turbante/tuɾ.ˈβan.te/turbante/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.tɨ/disturbing
liberante/li.βe.ˈɾan.te/liberante/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/freeing
tenebrosa/te.ne.ˈβɾo.sa/tenebrosa/tɨ.nɨ.ˈbɾɔ.zɐ/dark, gloomy (fem)
turbando/tuɾ.ˈβan.do/turbando/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.du/disturbing (gerund)
liberando/li.βe.ˈɾan.do/liberando/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/freeing (gerund)
tabú/ta.ˈβu/tabu/tɐ.ˈbu/taboo
kebab/ke.ˈβab/kebab/kɛ.ˈba.bɨ/kebab
robar/ro.ˈβaɾ/roubar/ʁow.ˈbaɾ/to steal, rob
robot/ro.ˈβot/robô/ʁu.ˈbo/robot
aldaba/al.ˈda.βa/aldraba/aɫ.ˈdɾa.bɐ/door knocker, latch
caribú/ka.ɾi.ˈβu/caribu/kɐ.ɾi.ˈbu/caribou
bala/ˈka.βa.la/bala/ˈka.bɐ.lɐ/cábala
jalebi/xa.ˈle.βi/jalebi/ʒɐ.ˈle.bi/jalebi, fried sweet
kabuki/ka.ˈβu.ki/kabuki/kɐ.ˈbu.ki/kabuki
kibutz/ki.ˈβuts/kibutz/ki.ˈbuts/kibutz, Israeli collective
sumibi/ˈsu.mi.βi/sumibi/ˈsu.mi.bi/sumibi, charcoal grilling
tabaco/ta.ˈβa.ko/tabaco/tɐ.ˈba.ku/tobacco
wasabi/wa.ˈsa.βi/wasabi/wɐ.ˈsa.bi/wasabi
arrabal/a.ra.ˈβal/arrabalde/ɐ.ʁɐ.ˈbaɫ.dɨ/suburb
chaebol/ˈtʃe.βol/chaebol/ˈʃe.bɔl/chaebol, Korean conglomerate
estribo/es.ˈtɾi.βo/estribo/ɨʃ.ˈtɾi.bu/stirrup
hibachi/i.ˈβa.tʃi/hibachi/i.ˈba.tʃi/hibachi
ikebana/i.ke.ˈβa.na/ikebana/i.kɨ.ˈba.nɐ/ikebana
álgebra/ˈal.xe.βɾa/álgebra/ˈaɫ.ʒɨ.bɾɐ/algebra
albornoz/al.βoɾ.ˈnoθ/albornoz/aɫ.buɾ.ˈnoʃ/hooded cloak, bathrobe
babushka/ba.ˈβuʃ.ka/babushka/bɐ.ˈbuʃ.kɐ/babushka
bibimbap/bi.βim.ˈbap/bibimbap/bi.bim.ˈbap/bibimbap
umeboshi/u.me.ˈβo.ʃi/umeboshi/u.mɨ.ˈbo.ʃi/umeboshi, pickled plum
zaibatsu/saj.ˈβa.tsu/zaibatsu/zaj.ˈba.tsu/zaibatsu
noraebang/no.ˈɾe.βan/noraebang/nu.ˈɾe.bɐ̃/noraebang, karaoke room
wabi-sabi/wa.βi.ˈsa.βi/wabi-sabi/wɐ.bi.ˈsa.bi/wabi-sabi
obi/ˈo.βi/obi/ˈɔ.bi/obi, kimono sash
soba/ˈso.βa/soba/ˈsɔ.bɐ/soba, buckwheat noodle
arroba/a.ˈro.βa/arroba/ɐ.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/@ symbol
shibori/ʃi.ˈβo.ɾi/shibori/ʃi.ˈbɔ.ɾi/shibori, Japanese tie-dye
tiburón/ti.βu.ˈɾon/tubarão/tu.bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/shark
albacora/al.βa.ˈko.ɾa/albacora/aɫ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɾɐ/yellowfin tuna
algarroba/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/alfarroba/aɫ.fɐ.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/carob
/v/⟨v⟩ · 37
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /v/
/v/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
aba/ˈa.βa/fava/ˈfa.vɐ/broad bean
alba/ˈal.βa/alva/ˈaɫ.vɐ/dawn
albo/ˈal.βo/alvo/ˈaɫ.vu/white (rare/poetic)
cebo/ˈθe.βo/cevo/ˈse.vu/bait
nube/ˈnu.βe/nuvem/ˈnu.vɐ̃j̃/cloud
deber/de.ˈβeɾ/dever/dɨ.ˈveɾ/to owe
haber/a.ˈβeɾ/haver/ɐ.ˈveɾ/to have
labor/la.ˈβoɾ/lavor/lɐ.ˈvoɾ/labor, work
libre/ˈli.βɾe/livre/ˈliv.ɾɨ/free
libro/ˈli.βɾo/livro/ˈliv.ɾu/book
árbol/ˈaɾ.βol/árvore/ˈaɾ.vu.ɾɨ/tree
librar/li.ˈβɾaɾ/livrar/liv.ˈɾaɾ/to free, save, deliver
probar/pɾo.ˈβaɾ/provar/pɾu.ˈvaɾ/to test, prove, try
caballa/ka.ˈβa.ʎa/cavala/kɐ.ˈva.lɐ/mackerel (semantic shift)
caballo/ka.ˈβa.ʎo/cavalo/kɐ.ˈva.lu/horse
palabra/pa.ˈla.βɾa/palavra/pɐ.ˈlav.ɾɐ/word
probada/pɾo.ˈβa.ða/provada/pɾu.ˈva.dɐ/proven, tested
probado/pɾo.ˈβa.ðo/provado/pɾu.ˈva.du/proven, tested
librador/li.βɾa.ˈðoɾ/livrador/liv.ɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/deliverer
probador/pɾo.βa.ˈðoɾ/provador/pɾu.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/tester, fitting room
carbón/kaɾ.ˈβon/carvão/kɐɾ.ˈvɐ̃w/coal
hierba/ˈjeɾ.βa/erva/ˈɛɾ.vɐ/grass
febrero/fe.ˈβɾe.ɾo/fevereiro/fɨ.vɨ.ˈɾej.ɾu/February
taberna/ta.ˈβeɾ.na/taverna/tɐ.ˈvɛɾ.nɐ/tavern
bebiente/be.ˈβjen.te/bevente/bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/drinking
debiente/de.ˈβjen.te/devente/dɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/owing
escribir/es.kɾi.ˈβiɾ/escrever/ɨʃ.kɾɨ.ˈveɾ/to write
probante/pɾo.ˈβan.te/provante/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/proving
caballero/ka.βa.ˈʎe.ɾo/cavaleiro/kɐ.vɐ.ˈlej.ɾu/knight, gentleman
probando/pɾo.ˈβan.do/provando/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.du/proving, trying (gerund)
aljaba/al.ˈxa.βa/aljava/aɫ.ˈʒa.vɐ/quiver
jabalí/xa.βa.ˈli/javali/ʒɐ.vɐ.ˈli/wild boar
sabana/sa.ˈβa.na/savana/sɐ.ˈva.nɐ/sabana
albahaca/al.βa.ˈa.ka/alfavaca/aɫ.fɐ.ˈva.kɐ/basil
albayalde/al.βa.ˈjal.de/alvaiade/aɫv.ˈɐja.dɨ/white lead pigment (archaic)
albéitar/al.ˈβej.taɾ/alveitar/aɫ.ˈvej.tɐɾ/veterinarian (archaic
alcoba/al.ˈko.βa/alcova/aɫ.ˈkɔ.vɐ/alcove, bedroom
/β/⟨v⟩ → /v/131 pairs
source
Sagittal articulation of /β/
/β/
/v/⟨v⟩ · 131
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /v/
/v/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
ave/ˈa.βe/ave/ˈa.vɨ/bird
uva/ˈu.βa/uva/ˈu.vɐ/grape
nave/ˈna.βe/nave/ˈna.vɨ/ship
viva/ˈbi.βa/viva/ˈvi.vɐ/alive (feminine)
vivo/ˈbi.βo/vivo/ˈvi.vu/alive
calva/ˈkal.βa/calva/ˈkaɫ.vɐ/bald (fem)
calvo/ˈkal.βo/calvo/ˈkaɫ.vu/bald
cavar/ka.ˈβaɾ/cavar/kɐ.ˈvaɾ/to dig
civil/θi.ˈβil/civil/si.ˈviɫ/civil
favor/fa.ˈβoɾ/favor/fɐ.ˈvoɾ/favor
grave/ˈgɾa.βe/grave/ˈgɾa.vɨ/heavy, serious
lavar/la.ˈβaɾ/lavar/lɐ.ˈvaɾ/to wash
llave/ˈʎa.βe/chave/ˈʃa.vɨ/key
mover/mo.ˈβeɾ/mover/mu.ˈveɾ/to move
naval/na.ˈβal/naval/nɐ.ˈvaɫ/naval
oliva/o.ˈli.βa/oliva/u.ˈli.vɐ/olive
ávida/ˈa.βi.ða/ávida/ˈa.vi.dɐ/greedy, eager (fem)
ávido/ˈa.βi.ðo/ávido/ˈa.vi.du/greedy, eager
activa/ak.ˈti.βa/ativa/ɐ.ˈti.vɐ/active (fem)
activo/ak.ˈti.βo/ativo/ɐ.ˈti.vu/active
bovina/bo.ˈβi.na/bovina/bu.ˈvi.nɐ/bovine
bovino/bo.ˈβi.no/bovino/bu.ˈvi.nu/bovine
cavada/ka.ˈβa.ða/cavada/kɐ.ˈva.dɐ/dug (feminine)
cavado/ka.ˈβa.ðo/cavado/kɐ.ˈva.du/dug, hollowed
vica/ˈθi.βi.ka/vica/ˈsi.vi.kɐ/civic
vico/ˈθi.βi.ko/vico/ˈsi.vi.ku/civic
fervor/feɾ.ˈβoɾ/fervor/fɨɾ.ˈvoɾ/heat, fervor
lavada/la.ˈβa.ða/lavada/lɐ.ˈva.dɐ/washed
lavado/la.ˈβa.ðo/lavado/lɐ.ˈva.du/washed
llevar/ʎe.ˈβaɾ/levar/lɨ.ˈvaɾ/to carry, take
llover/ʎo.ˈβeɾ/chover/ʃu.ˈveɾ/to rain
lluvia/ˈʎu.βja/chuva/ˈʃu.vɐ/rain
vida/ˈli.βi.ða/vida/ˈli.vi.dɐ/livid (fem)
vido/ˈli.βi.ðo/vido/ˈli.vi.du/livid, bluish
motiva/mo.ˈti.βa/motiva/mu.ˈti.vɐ/motive (fem)
motivo/mo.ˈti.βo/motivo/mu.ˈti.vu/motive, reason
octava/ok.ˈta.βa/oitava/oj.ˈta.vɐ/eighth, octave (fem)
octavo/ok.ˈta.βo/oitavo/oj.ˈta.vu/eighth
pasiva/pa.ˈsi.βa/passiva/pɐ.ˈsi.vɐ/passive (fem)
pasivo/pa.ˈsi.βo/passivo/pɐ.ˈsi.vu/passive
privar/pɾi.ˈβaɾ/privar/pɾi.ˈvaɾ/to deprive
salvar/sal.ˈβaɾ/salvar/saɫ.ˈvaɾ/to save
servir/seɾ.ˈβiɾ/servir/sɨɾ.ˈviɾ/to serve
vida/ˈbi.βi.ða/vida/ˈvi.vi.dɐ/vivid, lively (fem)
vido/ˈbi.βi.ðo/vido/ˈvi.vi.du/vivid, lively
abusiva/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/abusiva/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/abusive (fem)
abusivo/a.βu.ˈsi.βo/abusivo/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vu/abusive
cavador/ka.βa.ˈðoɾ/cavador/kɐ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/digger
cervina/θeɾ.ˈβi.na/cervina/sɨɾ.ˈvi.nɐ/deer-like
cervino/θeɾ.ˈβi.no/cervino/sɨɾ.ˈvi.nu/deer-like
lavador/la.βa.ˈðoɾ/lavador/lɐ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/washer
levedad/le.βe.ˈðað/levidade/lɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/lightness, levity
llevada/ʎe.ˈβa.ða/levada/lɨ.ˈva.dɐ/carried, taken (feminine)
llevado/ʎe.ˈβa.ðo/levado/lɨ.ˈva.du/carried, taken
nervoso/neɾ.ˈβo.so/nervoso/nɨɾ.ˈvo.zu/nervous
privada/pɾi.ˈβa.ða/privada/pɾi.ˈva.dɐ/private, deprived (feminine)
privado/pɾi.ˈβa.ðo/privado/pɾi.ˈva.du/private, deprived
salvada/sal.ˈβa.ða/salvada/saɫ.ˈva.dɐ/saved (feminine)
salvado/sal.ˈβa.ðo/salvado/saɫ.ˈva.du/saved
servida/seɾ.ˈβi.ða/servida/sɨɾ.ˈvi.dɐ/served (feminine)
servido/seɾ.ˈβi.ðo/servido/sɨɾ.ˈvi.du/served (masculine)
brevedad/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/brevidade/bɾɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/brevity
creativa/kɾe.a.ˈti.βa/criativa/kɾi.ɐ.ˈti.vɐ/creative (fem)
creativo/kɾe.a.ˈti.βo/criativo/kɾi.ɐ.ˈti.vu/creative
favoroso/fa.βo.ˈɾo.so/favoroso/fɐ.vu.ˈɾo.zu/favorable
gravedad/gɾa.βe.ˈðað/gravidade/gɾɐ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/gravity, seriousness
llevador/ʎe.βa.ˈðoɾ/levador/lɨ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/carrier
lluviosa/ʎuβ.ˈjo.sa/chuvosa/ʃu.ˈvo.zɐ/rainy (feminine)
lluvioso/ʎuβ.ˈjo.so/chuvoso/ʃu.ˈvo.zu/rainy
positiva/po.si.ˈti.βa/positiva/pu.zi.ˈti.vɐ/positive (fem)
positivo/po.si.ˈti.βo/positivo/pu.zi.ˈti.vu/positive
privador/pɾi.βa.ˈðoɾ/privador/pɾi.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/depriver
salvador/sal.βa.ˈðoɾ/salvador/saɫ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/savior
cavernoso/ka.βeɾ.ˈno.so/cavernoso/kɐ.vɨɾ.ˈno.zu/cavernous
fervoroso/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.so/fervoroso/fɨɾ.vu.ˈɾo.zu/fervent, ardent
llamativo/ʎa.ma.ˈti.βo/chamativo/ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈti.vu/eye-catching, attention-grabbing
leve/ˈle.βe/leve/ˈlɛ.vɨ/light
avena/a.ˈβe.na/aveiav.ˈɐjɐ/oats
breve/ˈbɾe.βe/breve/ˈbɾɛ.vɨ/brief
huevo/ˈwe.βo/ovo/ˈo.vu/egg
joven/ˈxo.βen/jovem/ˈʒɔ.vɐ̃j/young person
nieve/ˈnje.βe/neve/ˈnɛ.vɨ/snow
nueva/ˈnwe.βa/nova/ˈnɔ.vɐ/new (feminine)
nueve/ˈnwe.βe/nove/ˈnɔ.vɨ/nine
nuevo/ˈnwe.βo/novo/ˈno.vu/new
oveja/ˈo.βe.xa/ovelha/ˈɔ.vɨ.ʎɐ/sheep
vivir/bi.ˈβiɾ/viver/vi.ˈveɾ/to live
cierva/ˈθjeɾ.βa/cerva/ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/doe
ciervo/ˈθjeɾ.βo/cervo/ˈseɾ.vu/deer
cuervo/ˈkweɾ.βo/corvo/ˈkoɾ.vu/raven, crow
sierva/ˈsjeɾ.βa/serva/ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/female servant
siervo/ˈsjeɾ.βo/servo/ˈsɛɾ.vu/servant
cavante/ka.ˈβan.te/cavante/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/digging
lavante/la.ˈβan.te/lavante/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/washing
levante/le.ˈβan.te/levante/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/east, the Levant
llavero/ʎa.ˈβe.ɾo/chaveiro/ʃɐ.ˈvej.ɾu/key ring, key holder
nervosa/neɾ.ˈβo.sa/nervosa/nɨɾ.ˈvɔ.zɐ/nervous
noventa/no.ˈβen.ta/noventa/nu.ˈvẽ.tɐ/ninety
silvana/sil.ˈβa.na/silvana/siɫ.ˈvɐ.nɐ/sylvan
silvano/sil.ˈβa.no/silvano/siɫ.ˈvɐ.nu/sylvan
favorosa/fa.βo.ˈɾo.sa/favorosa/fɐ.vu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/favorable (fem)
invierno/in.ˈβjeɾ.no/inverno/ĩ.ˈvɛɾ.nu/winter
moviente/mo.ˈβjen.te/movente/mu.ˈvẽ.tɨ/moving
privante/pɾi.ˈβan.te/privante/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/depriving
salvante/sal.ˈβan.te/salvante/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/saving
viviente/bi.ˈβjen.te/vivente/vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/living, alive
cavernosa/ka.βeɾ.ˈno.sa/cavernosa/kɐ.vɨɾ.ˈnɔ.zɐ/cavernous
ferviente/feɾ.ˈβjen.te/fervente/fɨɾ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/fervent, ardent
fervorosa/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.sa/fervorosa/fɨɾ.vu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/fervent (fem)
noviembre/no.ˈβjem.bɾe/novembro/nu.ˈvẽ.bɾu/November
cavando/ka.ˈβan.do/cavando/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/digging (gerund)
lavando/la.ˈβan.do/lavando/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/washing (gerund)
levando/le.ˈβan.do/levando/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.du/lifting (gerund)
privando/pɾi.ˈβan.do/privando/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.du/depriving (gerund)
salvando/sal.ˈβan.do/salvando/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.du/saving (gerund)
deva/ˈde.βa/deva/ˈde.vɐ/deva, Hindu god
devi/ˈde.βi/devi/ˈde.vi/devi, Hindu goddess
jiva/ˈxi.βa/jiva/ˈʒi.vɐ/jiva
kvas/kβas/kvas/kvaʃ/kvas
kvas/kβas/kvass/kvaʃ/kvas
seva/ˈse.βa/seva/ˈse.vɐ/seva, selfless service
halva/ˈal.βa/halva/ˈaɫ.vɐ/halva
shiva/ˈʃi.βa/shiva/ˈʃi.vɐ/Shiva, Hindu deity
svaha/ˈsβa.a/svaha/ˈʒva.ɐ/svaha, ritual mantra ending
avatar/a.βa.ˈtaɾ/avatar/ɐ.vɐ.ˈtaɾ/avatar
advaita/ad.βaj.ˈta/advaita/ɐd.vɐj.ˈta/advaita, non-duality
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baclava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baklava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
samovar/sa.mo.ˈβaɾ/samovar/sɐ.mu.ˈvaɾ/samovar
caravana/ka.ɾa.ˈβa.na/caravana/kɐ.ɾɐ.ˈva.nɐ/caravan
diván/di.ˈβan/divã/di.ˈvɐ̃/divan, couch

Portuguese → Spanish

/b/⟨b⟩ → /b, β/192 pairs
source
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
/b/⟨b⟩ · word medial, after nasal vowel · 18
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
miembro/ˈmjem.bɾo/membro/ˈmẽ.bɾu/limb, member
también/tam.ˈbjen/também/tɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃j/also
diciembre/di.ˈθjem.bɾe/dezembro/dɨ.ˈzẽ.bɾu/December
noviembre/no.ˈβjem.bɾe/novembro/nu.ˈvẽ.bɾu/November
setiembre/se.ˈtjem.bɾe/setembro/sɨ.ˈtẽ.bɾu/September
bambu/bam.ˈbu/bambu/bɐ̃.ˈbu/bambú, bamboo
bambú/bam.ˈbu/bambu/bɐ̃.ˈbu/bamboo
sambal/ˈsam.bal/sambal/sɐ̃.ˈbaɫ/sambal, chili paste
tambor/tam.ˈboɾ/tambor/tɐ̃.ˈboɾ/drum
donburi/don.ˈbu.ɾi/donburi/dõ.ˈbu.ɾi/donburi, rice bowl dish
kombucha/kom.ˈbu.tʃa/kombucha/kõ.ˈbu.tʃɐ/kombucha
kombu/ˈkom.bu/kombu/ˈkõ.bu/kombu, edible kelp
ámbar/ˈam.baɾ/âmbar/ˈɐ̃.bɐɾ/amber
hanbok/an.ˈbok/hanbok/ɐ̃.ˈbɔk/hanbok, traditional Korean clothing
kanban/kan.ˈban/kanban/kɐ̃.ˈbɐ̃/kanban, signboard / scheduling system
kimbap/ˈkim.bap/kimbap/ˈkĩ.bɐp/kimbap, Korean rice-and-seaweed roll
rambutan/ram.bu.ˈtan/rambutan/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/rambután, tropical fruit
rambutan/ram.bu.ˈtan/rambutao/ʁɐ̃.bu.ˈtɐ̃/rambután, tropical fruit
/β/⟨b⟩ · word medial, not after nasal vowel · 96
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /β/
/β/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
abad/a.ˈβað/abade/ɐ.ˈba.dɨ/abbot
cabo/ˈka.βo/cabo/ˈka.bu/cape, end, edge
lobo/ˈlo.βo/lobo/ˈlo.bu/wolf
abril/a.ˈβɾil/abril/ɐ.ˈbɾiɫ/April
abrir/a.ˈβɾiɾ/abrir/ɐ.ˈbɾiɾ/to open
barba/ˈbaɾ.βa/barba/ˈbaɾ.bɐ/beard
beber/be.ˈβeɾ/beber/bɨ.ˈbeɾ/to drink
cabra/ˈka.βɾa/cabra/ˈka.bɾɐ/goat
libra/ˈli.βɾa/libra/ˈli.bɾɐ/pound
saber/sa.ˈβeɾ/saber/sɐ.ˈbeɾ/to know
sabor/sa.ˈβoɾ/sabor/sɐ.ˈboɾ/taste, flavor
subir/su.ˈβiɾ/subir/su.ˈbiɾ/to climb
verbo/ˈbeɾ.βo/verbo/ˈveɾ.bu/verb, word
acabar/a.ka.ˈβaɾ/acabar/ɐ.kɐ.ˈbaɾ/to finish
cabeza/ka.ˈβe.θa/cabeça/kɐ.ˈbe.sɐ/head
bito/ˈku.βi.to/bito/ˈku.bi.tu/cubit (ulna bone)
bida/ˈra.βi.ða/bida/ˈʁa.bi.dɐ/rabid (fem)
bido/ˈra.βi.ðo/bido/ˈʁa.bi.du/rabid, raging
bado/ˈsa.βa.ðo/bado/ˈsa.bɐ.du/Saturday
bito/ˈsu.βi.to/bito/ˈsu.bi.tu/sudden
turbar/tuɾ.ˈβaɾ/turbar/tuɾ.ˈbaɾ/to disturb
abusiva/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/abusiva/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/abusive (fem)
abusivo/a.βu.ˈsi.βo/abusivo/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vu/abusive
barbada/baɾ.ˈβa.ða/barbada/bɐɾ.ˈba.dɐ/bearded
barbado/baɾ.ˈβa.ðo/barbado/bɐɾ.ˈba.du/bearded
barbara/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾa/barbara/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾɐ/barbarian
bárbaro/ˈbaɾ.βa.ɾo/bárbaro/ˈbaɾ.bɐ.ɾu/barbarian
cabello/ka.ˈβe.ʎo/cabelo/kɐ.ˈbe.lu/hair
brica/ˈfa.βɾi.ka/brica/ˈfa.bɾi.kɐ/factory
globoso/glo.ˈβo.so/globoso/glu.ˈbo.zu/globular
herboso/eɾ.ˈβo.so/herboso/ɨɾ.ˈbo.zu/grassy
morboso/moɾ.ˈβo.so/morboso/muɾ.ˈbo.zu/sickly, morbid
octubre/ok.ˈtu.βɾe/outubro/ow.ˈtu.bɾu/October
robusta/ro.ˈβus.ta/robusta/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tɐ/robust, strong (fem)
robusto/ro.ˈβus.to/robusto/ʁu.ˈbuʃ.tu/robust, strong
sobrino/so.ˈβɾi.no/sobrinho/su.ˈbɾi.ɲu/nephew
turbada/tuɾ.ˈβa.ða/turbada/tuɾ.ˈba.dɐ/disturbed (feminine)
turbado/tuɾ.ˈβa.ðo/turbado/tuɾ.ˈba.du/disturbed
liberada/li.βe.ˈɾa.ða/liberada/li.bɨ.ˈɾa.dɐ/freed, liberated
liberado/li.βe.ˈɾa.ðo/liberado/li.bɨ.ˈɾa.du/freed, liberated
libertad/li.βeɾ.ˈtað/liberdade/li.bɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/liberty
trabajar/tɾa.βa.ˈxaɾ/trabalhar/tɾɐ.bɐ.ˈʎaɾ/to work
turbador/tuɾ.βa.ˈðoɾ/turbador/tuɾ.bɐ.ˈdoɾ/disturber
tenebroso/te.ne.ˈβɾo.so/tenebroso/tɨ.nɨ.ˈbɾo.zu/dark, gloomy
loba/ˈlo.βa/loba/ˈlɔ.bɐ/she-wolf
obra/ˈo.βɾa/obra/ˈɔ.bɾɐ/work
pobre/ˈpo.βɾe/pobre/ˈpɔ.bɾɨ/poor
sobre/ˈso.βɾe/sobre/ˈsɔ.bɾɨ/on, over
liebre/ˈlje.βɾe/lebre/ˈlɛ.bɾɨ/hare
urbana/uɾ.ˈβa.na/urbana/uɾ.ˈbɐ.nɐ/urban
urbano/uɾ.ˈβa.no/urbano/uɾ.ˈbɐ.nu/urban
abierta/a.ˈβjeɾ.ta/aberta/ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tɐ/opened (feminine)
abierto/a.ˈβjeɾ.to/aberto/ɐ.ˈbɛɾ.tu/opened, open
globosa/glo.ˈβo.sa/globosa/glu.ˈbɔ.zɐ/globular
herbosa/eɾ.ˈβo.sa/herbosa/ɨɾ.ˈbɔ.zɐ/grassy
morbosa/moɾ.ˈβo.sa/morbosa/muɾ.ˈbɔ.zɐ/sickly, morbid
mórbida/ˈmoɾ.βi.ða/mórbida/ˈmɔɾ.bi.dɐ/morbid (fem)
mórbido/ˈmoɾ.βi.ðo/mórbido/ˈmɔɾ.bi.du/morbid
turbante/tuɾ.ˈβan.te/turbante/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.tɨ/disturbing
liberante/li.βe.ˈɾan.te/liberante/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.tɨ/freeing
tenebrosa/te.ne.ˈβɾo.sa/tenebrosa/tɨ.nɨ.ˈbɾɔ.zɐ/dark, gloomy (fem)
turbando/tuɾ.ˈβan.do/turbando/tuɾ.ˈbɐ̃.du/disturbing (gerund)
liberando/li.βe.ˈɾan.do/liberando/li.bɨ.ˈɾɐ̃.du/freeing (gerund)
tabú/ta.ˈβu/tabu/tɐ.ˈbu/taboo
kebab/ke.ˈβab/kebab/kɛ.ˈba.bɨ/kebab
robar/ro.ˈβaɾ/roubar/ʁow.ˈbaɾ/to steal, rob
robot/ro.ˈβot/robô/ʁu.ˈbo/robot
aldaba/al.ˈda.βa/aldraba/aɫ.ˈdɾa.bɐ/door knocker, latch
caribú/ka.ɾi.ˈβu/caribu/kɐ.ɾi.ˈbu/caribou
bala/ˈka.βa.la/bala/ˈka.bɐ.lɐ/cábala
jalebi/xa.ˈle.βi/jalebi/ʒɐ.ˈle.bi/jalebi, fried sweet
kabuki/ka.ˈβu.ki/kabuki/kɐ.ˈbu.ki/kabuki
kibutz/ki.ˈβuts/kibutz/ki.ˈbuts/kibutz, Israeli collective
sumibi/ˈsu.mi.βi/sumibi/ˈsu.mi.bi/sumibi, charcoal grilling
tabaco/ta.ˈβa.ko/tabaco/tɐ.ˈba.ku/tobacco
wasabi/wa.ˈsa.βi/wasabi/wɐ.ˈsa.bi/wasabi
arrabal/a.ra.ˈβal/arrabalde/ɐ.ʁɐ.ˈbaɫ.dɨ/suburb
chaebol/ˈtʃe.βol/chaebol/ˈʃe.bɔl/chaebol, Korean conglomerate
estribo/es.ˈtɾi.βo/estribo/ɨʃ.ˈtɾi.bu/stirrup
hibachi/i.ˈβa.tʃi/hibachi/i.ˈba.tʃi/hibachi
ikebana/i.ke.ˈβa.na/ikebana/i.kɨ.ˈba.nɐ/ikebana
álgebra/ˈal.xe.βɾa/álgebra/ˈaɫ.ʒɨ.bɾɐ/algebra
albornoz/al.βoɾ.ˈnoθ/albornoz/aɫ.buɾ.ˈnoʃ/hooded cloak, bathrobe
babushka/ba.ˈβuʃ.ka/babushka/bɐ.ˈbuʃ.kɐ/babushka
bibimbap/bi.βim.ˈbap/bibimbap/bi.bim.ˈbap/bibimbap
umeboshi/u.me.ˈβo.ʃi/umeboshi/u.mɨ.ˈbo.ʃi/umeboshi, pickled plum
zaibatsu/saj.ˈβa.tsu/zaibatsu/zaj.ˈba.tsu/zaibatsu
noraebang/no.ˈɾe.βan/noraebang/nu.ˈɾe.bɐ̃/noraebang, karaoke room
wabi-sabi/wa.βi.ˈsa.βi/wabi-sabi/wɐ.bi.ˈsa.bi/wabi-sabi
obi/ˈo.βi/obi/ˈɔ.bi/obi, kimono sash
soba/ˈso.βa/soba/ˈsɔ.bɐ/soba, buckwheat noodle
arroba/a.ˈro.βa/arroba/ɐ.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/@ symbol
shibori/ʃi.ˈβo.ɾi/shibori/ʃi.ˈbɔ.ɾi/shibori, Japanese tie-dye
tiburón/ti.βu.ˈɾon/tubarão/tu.bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/shark
albacora/al.βa.ˈko.ɾa/albacora/aɫ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɾɐ/yellowfin tuna
algarroba/al.ɣa.ˈro.βa/alfarroba/aɫ.fɐ.ˈʁɔ.bɐ/carob
/b/⟨b⟩ · not word medial · 78
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
bajar/ba.ˈxaɾ/baixar/baj.ˈʃaɾ/to lower
barbabaɾ.βa/barbabaɾ.bɐ/beard
barcabaɾ.ka/barcabaɾ.kɐ/boat
beber/be.ˈβeɾ/beber/bɨ.ˈbeɾ/to drink
brazobɾa.θo/braçobɾa.su/arm
bailar/baj.ˈlaɾ/bailar/baj.ˈlaɾ/to dance
bondad/bon.ˈdað/bondade/bõ.ˈda.dɨ/goodness
bovina/bo.ˈβi.na/bovina/bu.ˈvi.nɐ/bovine
bovino/bo.ˈβi.no/bovino/bu.ˈvi.nu/bovine
brutal/bɾu.ˈtal/brutal/bɾu.ˈtaɫ/brutal
barbada/baɾ.ˈβa.ða/barbada/bɐɾ.ˈba.dɐ/bearded
barbado/baɾ.ˈβa.ðo/barbado/bɐɾ.ˈba.du/bearded
barbarabaɾ.βa.ɾa/barbarabaɾ.bɐ.ɾɐ/barbarian
bárbarobaɾ.βa.ɾo/bárbarobaɾ.bɐ.ɾu/barbarian
brevedad/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/brevidade/bɾɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/brevity
bajoba.xo/baixobaj.ʃu/low, below
bañoba.ɲo/banhobɐ.ɲu/bath
bien/bjen/bem/bɐ̃j/well
bocabo.ka/bocabɔ.kɐ/mouth
buey/bwej/boi/boj/ox, bull
bancobaŋ.ko/bancobɐ̃.ku/bench, bank
bellabe.ʎa/belabɛ.lɐ/beautiful
bellobe.ʎo/belobɛ.lu/beautiful
brevebɾe.βe/brevebɾɛ.vɨ/brief
buenabwe.na/boabo.ɐ/good
buenobwe.no/bom/bõ/good
bestiabes.tja/bestabɛʃ.tɐ/beast
blancablaŋ.ka/brancabɾɐ̃.kɐ/white
blancoblaŋ.ko/brancobɾɐ̃.ku/white
bélicabe.li.ka/bélicabɛ.li.kɐ/warlike
bélicobe.li.ko/bélicobɛ.li.ku/warlike
bebiente/be.ˈβjen.te/bevente/bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/drinking
bey/bej/bei/bej/bey, Turkish lord
budabu.ða/budabu.dɐ/Buddha
budobu.ðo/budobu.du/budo, martial arts
balut/ba.ˈlut/balut/bɐ.ˈlut/balut, fertilized duck egg
bambu/bam.ˈbu/bambu/bɐ̃.ˈbu/bambú, bamboo
bambú/bam.ˈbu/bambu/bɐ̃.ˈbu/bamboo
baoziba.o.θi/baoziba.u.zi/baozi, steamed bun
bazar/ba.ˈθaɾ/bazar/bɐ.ˈzaɾ/bazaar, marketplace
bhajiba.xi/bhajiba.ʒi/bhaji, vegetable fritter
bhumibu.mi/bhumibu.mi/bhumi, earth, ground
blitz/blits/blitz/blits/blitz
bodhibo.ði/bodhibo.di/bodhi
bordeboɾ.ðe/bordoboɾ.du/edge, border
burkabuɾ.ka/burcabuɾ.kɐ/burka
hiyab/i.ˈʝab/hijab/i.ˈʒab/hiyab
niqab/ni.ˈkab/niqab/ni.ˈkab/niqab, face veil
sahib/sa.ˈib/sahib/sɐ.ˈib/sahib
banana/ba.ˈna.na/banana/bɐ.ˈna.nɐ/banana
banhmi/baɲ.ˈmi/banhmi/bɐɲ.ˈmi/banh mi, Vietnamese sandwich
baraka/ba.ˈɾa.ka/baraka/bɐ.ˈɾa.kɐ/baraka, divine blessing
batata/ba.ˈta.ta/batata/bɐ.ˈta.tɐ/sweet potato
bhaktabak.ta/bhaktabak.tɐ/bhakta, devotee
bhaktibak.ti/bhaktibak.ti/bhakti, Hindu devotion
brahmabɾa.ma/brahmabɾa.mɐ/Brahma
buddhibu.ði/buddhibu.di/buddhi, intellect
buscar/bus.ˈkaɾ/buscar/buʃ.ˈkaɾ/to seek
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baclava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baklava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
bandana/ban.ˈda.na/bandhana/bɐ̃.ˈda.nɐ/bandana
bulgogi/bul.ˈgo.ɣi/bulgogi/buɫ.ˈgo.gi/bulgogi, grilled beef
bushido/bu.ˈʃi.ðo/bushido/bu.ˈʃi.du/bushido
babushka/ba.ˈβuʃ.ka/babushka/bɐ.ˈbuʃ.kɐ/babushka
bibimbap/bi.βim.ˈbap/bibimbap/bi.bim.ˈbap/bibimbap
bailarina/baj.la.ˈɾi.na/bailarina/bɐjlɐ.ˈɾi.nɐ/dancer (f.)
burgobuɾ.ɣo/burgobuɾ.gu/town (archaic, retained in placenames)
bagel/ba.ˈɣel/bagel/baʒɛw/bagel
barón/ba.ˈɾon/barão/bɐ.ˈɾɐ̃w/baron
bentoben.to/bentobẽ.tu/bento, lunch box
banzai/ban.ˈsa.i/banzai/bɐ̃.ˈzaj/banzai
barrioba.rjo/bairrobaj.ʁu/neighborhood, district
bonsái/bon.ˈsa.i/bonsai/bõ.ˈsaj/bonsai
bosquebos.ke/bosquebɔʃ.kɨ/forest, woods
banchan/ban.ˈtʃan/banchan/bɐ̃.ˈtʃɐ̃/banchan, Korean side dishes
bellota/be.ˈʎo.ta/bolota/bu.ˈlɔ.tɐ/acorn
barbacoa/baɾ.ba.ˈko.a/barbacoa/bɐɾ.bɐ.ˈkɔ.ɐ/barbecue, grill
bungalow/buŋ.ˈga.lo/bangalo/bɐ̃.ga.ˈlo/bungalow, single-story house
/v/⟨v⟩ → /b, β/302 pairs
source
Sagittal articulation of /v/
/v/
/b/⟨v⟩ · word initial · 134
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /b/
/b/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
ver/beɾ/ver/veɾ/to see
vez/beθ/vez/veʃ/turn, time
víabi.a/viavi.ɐ/way, road, route
vid/bið/videvi.dɨ/vine
vacaba.ka/vacava.kɐ/cow
vasoba.so/vasova.zu/vessel
verabe.ɾa/verave.ɾɐ/true (feminine, literary)
vidabi.ða/vidavi.dɐ/life
vinobi.no/vinhovi.ɲu/wine
visobi.so/visovi.zu/view, glimpse, appearance
vivabi.βa/vivavi.vɐ/alive (feminine)
vivobi.βo/vivovi.vu/alive
viñabi.ɲa/vinhavi.ɲɐ/vineyard
vacío/ba.ˈθi.o/vazio/vɐ.ˈzi.u/empty
vagar/ba.ˈɣaɾ/vagar/vɐ.ˈgaɾ/to wander, roam
valer/ba.ˈleɾ/valer/vɐ.ˈleɾ/to be worth
valleba.ʎe/valeva.lɨ/valley
valor/ba.ˈloɾ/valor/vɐ.ˈloɾ/value
vapor/ba.ˈpoɾ/vapor/vɐ.ˈpoɾ/vapor, steam
vedar/be.ˈðaɾ/vedar/vɨ.ˈdaɾ/to forbid, prohibit
velar/be.ˈlaɾ/velar/vɨ.ˈlaɾ/to veil, watch over
veraz/be.ˈɾaθ/veraz/vɨ.ˈɾaʃ/truthful
verbobeɾ.βo/verboveɾ.bu/verb, word
verdebeɾ.ðe/verdeveɾ.dɨ/green
vergabeɾ.ɣa/vergaveɾ.gɐ/rod, switch
viajebja.xe/viagem/vi.ˈa.ʒɐ̃j/journey, trip
vigor/bi.ˈɣoɾ/vigor/vi.ˈgoɾ/vigor, strength
villabi.ʎa/vilavi.lɐ/town, villa
vital/bi.ˈtal/vital/vi.ˈtaɫ/vital
vocal/bo.ˈkal/vocal/vu.ˈkaɫ/vocal, vowel
volar/bo.ˈlaɾ/voar/vu.ˈaɾ/to fly
voraz/bo.ˈɾaθ/voraz/vu.ˈɾaʃ/voracious
votar/bo.ˈtaɾ/votar/vu.ˈtaɾ/to vote
vagada/ba.ˈɣa.ða/vagada/vɐ.ˈga.dɐ/wandered (feminine)
vagado/ba.ˈɣa.ðo/vagado/vɐ.ˈga.du/wandered
vecina/be.ˈθi.na/vizinha/vi.ˈzi.ɲɐ/neighbor
vecino/be.ˈθi.no/vizinho/vi.ˈzi.ɲu/neighbor
velado/be.ˈla.ðo/velado/vɨ.ˈla.du/veiled, watched over
vencer/ben.ˈθeɾ/vencer/vẽ.ˈseɾ/to conquer
vender/ben.ˈdeɾ/vender/vẽ.ˈdeɾ/to sell
veneno/be.ˈne.no/veneno/vɨ.ˈne.nu/poison
venoso/be.ˈno.so/venoso/vɨ.ˈno.zu/veiny
verdad/beɾ.ˈðað/verdade/vɨɾ.ˈda.dɨ/truth
verter/beɾ.ˈteɾ/verter/vɨɾ.ˈteɾ/to pour, shed
vestir/bes.ˈtiɾ/vestir/vɨʃ.ˈtiɾ/to dress, clothe
vidriobi.ðɾjo/vidrovi.dɾu/glass
vinoso/bi.ˈno.so/vinoso/vi.ˈno.zu/vinous, wine-like
virgenbiɾ.xen/virgemviɾ.ʒɐ̃j/virgin
viroso/bi.ˈɾo.so/viroso/vi.ˈɾo.zu/poisonous, viral
virtud/biɾ.ˈtuð/virtude/viɾ.ˈtu.dɨ/virtue
volada/bo.ˈla.ða/voada/vu.ˈa.dɐ/flown (feminine)
volado/bo.ˈla.ðo/voado/vu.ˈa.du/flown
votada/bo.ˈta.ða/votada/vu.ˈta.dɐ/voted, vowed (feminine)
votado/bo.ˈta.ðo/votado/vu.ˈta.du/voted, vowed
válidaba.li.ða/válidava.li.dɐ/valid (fem)
válidoba.li.ðo/válidova.li.du/valid
vívidabi.βi.ða/vívidavi.vi.dɐ/vivid, lively (fem)
vívidobi.βi.ðo/vívidovi.vi.du/vivid, lively
vagador/ba.ɣa.ˈðoɾ/vagador/vɐ.gɐ.ˈdoɾ/wanderer (rare)
vanidad/ba.ni.ˈðað/vanidade/vɐ.ni.ˈda.dɨ/vanity
velador/be.la.ˈðoɾ/velador/vɨ.lɐ.ˈdoɾ/watcher, night-table
venador/be.na.ˈðoɾ/venador/vɨ.nɐ.ˈdoɾ/hunter
ventoso/ben.ˈto.so/ventoso/vẽ.ˈto.zu/windy
vestida/bes.ˈti.ða/vestida/vɨʃ.ˈti.dɐ/dressed
vestido/bes.ˈti.ðo/vestido/vɨʃ.ˈti.du/dress, garment
volador/bo.la.ˈðoɾ/voador/vu.ɐ.ˈdoɾ/flier, flying
voltada/bol.ˈta.ða/voltada/voɫ.ˈta.dɐ/turned, flipped (fem)
voltado/bol.ˈta.ðo/voltado/voɫ.ˈta.du/turned, flipped
votador/bo.ta.ˈðoɾ/votador/vu.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/voter
valoroso/ba.lo.ˈɾo.so/valoroso/vɐ.lu.ˈɾo.zu/valorous, brave
vaporoso/ba.po.ˈɾo.so/vaporoso/vɐ.pu.ˈɾo.zu/vaporous, steamy
voltador/bol.ta.ˈðoɾ/voltador/voɫ.tɐ.ˈdoɾ/flipper, somersaulter
voluntad/bo.lun.ˈtað/vontade/võ.ˈta.dɨ/will
vespertina/bes.peɾ.ˈti.na/vespertina/vɨʃ.pɨɾ.ˈti.nɐ/evening, vespertine (fem)
vespertino/bes.peɾ.ˈti.no/vespertino/vɨʃ.pɨɾ.ˈti.nu/evening, vespertine
voz/boθ/voz/vɔʃ/voice
vanaba.na/vã/vɐ̃/vain
vanoba.no/vão/vɐ̃w/empty, vain
velabe.la/velavɛ.lɐ/candle
venabe.na/veiavej.ɐ/vein
verobe.ɾo/verovɛ.ɾu/true (literary)
votobo.to/votovɔ.tu/vow
vermebeɾ.me/vermevɛɾ.mɨ/worm (medical/technical)
versobeɾ.so/versovɛɾ.su/verse
viejabje.xa/velhavɛ.ʎɐ/old
viejobje.xo/velhovɛ.ʎu/old
vivir/bi.ˈβiɾ/viver/vi.ˈveɾ/to live
veintebejn.te/vintevĩ.tɨ/twenty
venosa/be.ˈno.sa/venosa/vɨ.ˈnɔ.zɐ/veiny
verano/be.ˈɾa.no/verão/vɨ.ˈɾɐ̃w/summer
vientobjen.to/ventovẽ.tu/wind
vinosa/bi.ˈno.sa/vinosa/vi.ˈnɔ.zɐ/vinous, wine-like
virosa/bi.ˈɾo.sa/virosa/vi.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/poisonous, viral
vagante/ba.ˈɣan.te/vagante/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.tɨ/wandering, vagrant
vedante/be.ˈðan.te/vedante/vɨ.ˈdɐ̃.tɨ/forbidding
velante/be.ˈlan.te/velante/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/veiling
ventosa/ben.ˈto.sa/ventosa/vẽ.ˈtɔ.zɐ/windy (fem)
vientrebjen.tɾe/ventrevẽ.tɾɨ/belly
villano/bi.ˈʎa.no/vilão/vi.ˈlɐ̃w/serf, villain
vocante/bo.ˈkan.te/vocante/vu.ˈkɐ̃.tɨ/vacant
volante/bo.ˈlan.te/volante/vu.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/flying, steering wheel
votante/bo.ˈtan.te/votante/vu.ˈtɐ̃.tɨ/voting, voter
vuestrabwes.tɾa/vossavɔ.sɐ/your (pl, familiar, fem)
vuestrobwes.tɾo/vossovo.su/your (pl, familiar)
valiente/ba.ˈljen.te/valente/vɐ.ˈlẽ.tɨ/valiant
valorosa/ba.lo.ˈɾo.sa/valorosa/vɐ.lu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/valorous, brave (fem)
vaporosa/ba.po.ˈɾo.sa/vaporosa/vɐ.pu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/vaporous (fem)
variante/baɾ.ˈjan.te/variante/vɐɾ.ˈjɐ̃.tɨ/variant
veterana/be.te.ˈɾa.na/veterana/vɨ.tɨ.ˈɾɐ.nɐ/veteran
veterano/be.te.ˈɾa.no/veterano/vɨ.tɨ.ˈɾɐ.nu/veteran
viviente/bi.ˈβjen.te/vivente/vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/living, alive
vosotros/bo.ˈso.tɾos/vós/vɔʃ/you (2pl)
venciente/ben.ˈθjen.te/vencente/vẽ.ˈsẽ.tɨ/winning, winner
vertiente/beɾ.ˈtjen.te/vertente/vɨɾ.ˈtẽ.tɨ/slope, watershed
vigilante/bi.xi.ˈlan.te/vigilante/vi.ʒi.ˈlɐ̃.tɨ/vigilant, watchful
vagando/ba.ˈɣan.do/vagando/vɐ.ˈgɐ̃.du/wandering (gerund)
velando/be.ˈlan.do/velando/vɨ.ˈlɐ̃.du/veiling, watching over (gerund)
volando/bo.ˈlan.do/voando/vu.ˈɐ̃.du/flying (gerund)
votando/bo.ˈtan.do/votando/vu.ˈtɐ̃.du/voting (gerund)
voltando/bol.ˈtan.do/voltando/voɫ.ˈtɐ̃.du/turning, flipping (gerund)
vendiendo/ben.ˈdjen.do/vendendo/vẽ.ˈdẽ.du/selling (gerund)
vendiente/ben.ˈdjen.te/vendente/vẽ.ˈdẽ.tɨ/selling (rare
vadaba.ða/vadava.dɐ/vada, fried snack
vals/bals/valsavaɫ.sɐ/waltz
vedabe.ða/vedave.dɐ/Veda, sacred knowledge
varnabaɾ.na/varnavaɾ.nɐ/varna, Vedic social class
vidyabid.ja/vidyavi.djɐ/vidya, knowledge
varuna/ba.ˈɾu.na/varuna/vɐ.ˈɾu.nɐ/Varuna, Vedic deity
vishnubiʃ.nu/vishnuviʃ.nu/Vishnu, Hindu deity
vishvabiʃ.ba/vishvaviʃ.vɐ/vishva, the universe
vairagya/baj.ˈɾag.ja/vairagya/vɐj.ˈɾa.gjɐ/vairagya, dispassion
vipassana/bi.ˈpa.sa.na/vipassana/vi.ˈpa.sɐ.nɐ/vipassana, insight meditation
vodkaboð.ka/vodcavɔd.kɐ/vodka
vodkaboð.ka/vodkavɔd.kɐ/vodka
/β/⟨v⟩ · not word initial · 131
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /β/
/β/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
ave/ˈa.βe/ave/ˈa.vɨ/bird
uva/ˈu.βa/uva/ˈu.vɐ/grape
nave/ˈna.βe/nave/ˈna.vɨ/ship
viva/ˈbi.βa/viva/ˈvi.vɐ/alive (feminine)
vivo/ˈbi.βo/vivo/ˈvi.vu/alive
calva/ˈkal.βa/calva/ˈkaɫ.vɐ/bald (fem)
calvo/ˈkal.βo/calvo/ˈkaɫ.vu/bald
cavar/ka.ˈβaɾ/cavar/kɐ.ˈvaɾ/to dig
civil/θi.ˈβil/civil/si.ˈviɫ/civil
favor/fa.ˈβoɾ/favor/fɐ.ˈvoɾ/favor
grave/ˈgɾa.βe/grave/ˈgɾa.vɨ/heavy, serious
lavar/la.ˈβaɾ/lavar/lɐ.ˈvaɾ/to wash
llave/ˈʎa.βe/chave/ˈʃa.vɨ/key
mover/mo.ˈβeɾ/mover/mu.ˈveɾ/to move
naval/na.ˈβal/naval/nɐ.ˈvaɫ/naval
oliva/o.ˈli.βa/oliva/u.ˈli.vɐ/olive
ávida/ˈa.βi.ða/ávida/ˈa.vi.dɐ/greedy, eager (fem)
ávido/ˈa.βi.ðo/ávido/ˈa.vi.du/greedy, eager
activa/ak.ˈti.βa/ativa/ɐ.ˈti.vɐ/active (fem)
activo/ak.ˈti.βo/ativo/ɐ.ˈti.vu/active
bovina/bo.ˈβi.na/bovina/bu.ˈvi.nɐ/bovine
bovino/bo.ˈβi.no/bovino/bu.ˈvi.nu/bovine
cavada/ka.ˈβa.ða/cavada/kɐ.ˈva.dɐ/dug (feminine)
cavado/ka.ˈβa.ðo/cavado/kɐ.ˈva.du/dug, hollowed
vica/ˈθi.βi.ka/vica/ˈsi.vi.kɐ/civic
vico/ˈθi.βi.ko/vico/ˈsi.vi.ku/civic
fervor/feɾ.ˈβoɾ/fervor/fɨɾ.ˈvoɾ/heat, fervor
lavada/la.ˈβa.ða/lavada/lɐ.ˈva.dɐ/washed
lavado/la.ˈβa.ðo/lavado/lɐ.ˈva.du/washed
llevar/ʎe.ˈβaɾ/levar/lɨ.ˈvaɾ/to carry, take
llover/ʎo.ˈβeɾ/chover/ʃu.ˈveɾ/to rain
lluvia/ˈʎu.βja/chuva/ˈʃu.vɐ/rain
vida/ˈli.βi.ða/vida/ˈli.vi.dɐ/livid (fem)
vido/ˈli.βi.ðo/vido/ˈli.vi.du/livid, bluish
motiva/mo.ˈti.βa/motiva/mu.ˈti.vɐ/motive (fem)
motivo/mo.ˈti.βo/motivo/mu.ˈti.vu/motive, reason
octava/ok.ˈta.βa/oitava/oj.ˈta.vɐ/eighth, octave (fem)
octavo/ok.ˈta.βo/oitavo/oj.ˈta.vu/eighth
pasiva/pa.ˈsi.βa/passiva/pɐ.ˈsi.vɐ/passive (fem)
pasivo/pa.ˈsi.βo/passivo/pɐ.ˈsi.vu/passive
privar/pɾi.ˈβaɾ/privar/pɾi.ˈvaɾ/to deprive
salvar/sal.ˈβaɾ/salvar/saɫ.ˈvaɾ/to save
servir/seɾ.ˈβiɾ/servir/sɨɾ.ˈviɾ/to serve
vida/ˈbi.βi.ða/vida/ˈvi.vi.dɐ/vivid, lively (fem)
vido/ˈbi.βi.ðo/vido/ˈvi.vi.du/vivid, lively
abusiva/a.βu.ˈsi.βa/abusiva/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vɐ/abusive (fem)
abusivo/a.βu.ˈsi.βo/abusivo/ɐ.bu.ˈzi.vu/abusive
cavador/ka.βa.ˈðoɾ/cavador/kɐ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/digger
cervina/θeɾ.ˈβi.na/cervina/sɨɾ.ˈvi.nɐ/deer-like
cervino/θeɾ.ˈβi.no/cervino/sɨɾ.ˈvi.nu/deer-like
lavador/la.βa.ˈðoɾ/lavador/lɐ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/washer
levedad/le.βe.ˈðað/levidade/lɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/lightness, levity
llevada/ʎe.ˈβa.ða/levada/lɨ.ˈva.dɐ/carried, taken (feminine)
llevado/ʎe.ˈβa.ðo/levado/lɨ.ˈva.du/carried, taken
nervoso/neɾ.ˈβo.so/nervoso/nɨɾ.ˈvo.zu/nervous
privada/pɾi.ˈβa.ða/privada/pɾi.ˈva.dɐ/private, deprived (feminine)
privado/pɾi.ˈβa.ðo/privado/pɾi.ˈva.du/private, deprived
salvada/sal.ˈβa.ða/salvada/saɫ.ˈva.dɐ/saved (feminine)
salvado/sal.ˈβa.ðo/salvado/saɫ.ˈva.du/saved
servida/seɾ.ˈβi.ða/servida/sɨɾ.ˈvi.dɐ/served (feminine)
servido/seɾ.ˈβi.ðo/servido/sɨɾ.ˈvi.du/served (masculine)
brevedad/bɾe.βe.ˈðað/brevidade/bɾɨ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/brevity
creativa/kɾe.a.ˈti.βa/criativa/kɾi.ɐ.ˈti.vɐ/creative (fem)
creativo/kɾe.a.ˈti.βo/criativo/kɾi.ɐ.ˈti.vu/creative
favoroso/fa.βo.ˈɾo.so/favoroso/fɐ.vu.ˈɾo.zu/favorable
gravedad/gɾa.βe.ˈðað/gravidade/gɾɐ.vi.ˈda.dɨ/gravity, seriousness
llevador/ʎe.βa.ˈðoɾ/levador/lɨ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/carrier
lluviosa/ʎuβ.ˈjo.sa/chuvosa/ʃu.ˈvo.zɐ/rainy (feminine)
lluvioso/ʎuβ.ˈjo.so/chuvoso/ʃu.ˈvo.zu/rainy
positiva/po.si.ˈti.βa/positiva/pu.zi.ˈti.vɐ/positive (fem)
positivo/po.si.ˈti.βo/positivo/pu.zi.ˈti.vu/positive
privador/pɾi.βa.ˈðoɾ/privador/pɾi.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/depriver
salvador/sal.βa.ˈðoɾ/salvador/saɫ.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/savior
cavernoso/ka.βeɾ.ˈno.so/cavernoso/kɐ.vɨɾ.ˈno.zu/cavernous
fervoroso/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.so/fervoroso/fɨɾ.vu.ˈɾo.zu/fervent, ardent
llamativo/ʎa.ma.ˈti.βo/chamativo/ʃɐ.mɐ.ˈti.vu/eye-catching, attention-grabbing
leve/ˈle.βe/leve/ˈlɛ.vɨ/light
avena/a.ˈβe.na/aveiav.ˈɐjɐ/oats
breve/ˈbɾe.βe/breve/ˈbɾɛ.vɨ/brief
huevo/ˈwe.βo/ovo/ˈo.vu/egg
joven/ˈxo.βen/jovem/ˈʒɔ.vɐ̃j/young person
nieve/ˈnje.βe/neve/ˈnɛ.vɨ/snow
nueva/ˈnwe.βa/nova/ˈnɔ.vɐ/new (feminine)
nueve/ˈnwe.βe/nove/ˈnɔ.vɨ/nine
nuevo/ˈnwe.βo/novo/ˈno.vu/new
oveja/ˈo.βe.xa/ovelha/ˈɔ.vɨ.ʎɐ/sheep
vivir/bi.ˈβiɾ/viver/vi.ˈveɾ/to live
cierva/ˈθjeɾ.βa/cerva/ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/doe
ciervo/ˈθjeɾ.βo/cervo/ˈseɾ.vu/deer
cuervo/ˈkweɾ.βo/corvo/ˈkoɾ.vu/raven, crow
sierva/ˈsjeɾ.βa/serva/ˈsɛɾ.vɐ/female servant
siervo/ˈsjeɾ.βo/servo/ˈsɛɾ.vu/servant
cavante/ka.ˈβan.te/cavante/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/digging
lavante/la.ˈβan.te/lavante/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/washing
levante/le.ˈβan.te/levante/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/east, the Levant
llavero/ʎa.ˈβe.ɾo/chaveiro/ʃɐ.ˈvej.ɾu/key ring, key holder
nervosa/neɾ.ˈβo.sa/nervosa/nɨɾ.ˈvɔ.zɐ/nervous
noventa/no.ˈβen.ta/noventa/nu.ˈvẽ.tɐ/ninety
silvana/sil.ˈβa.na/silvana/siɫ.ˈvɐ.nɐ/sylvan
silvano/sil.ˈβa.no/silvano/siɫ.ˈvɐ.nu/sylvan
favorosa/fa.βo.ˈɾo.sa/favorosa/fɐ.vu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/favorable (fem)
invierno/in.ˈβjeɾ.no/inverno/ĩ.ˈvɛɾ.nu/winter
moviente/mo.ˈβjen.te/movente/mu.ˈvẽ.tɨ/moving
privante/pɾi.ˈβan.te/privante/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/depriving
salvante/sal.ˈβan.te/salvante/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/saving
viviente/bi.ˈβjen.te/vivente/vi.ˈvẽ.tɨ/living, alive
cavernosa/ka.βeɾ.ˈno.sa/cavernosa/kɐ.vɨɾ.ˈnɔ.zɐ/cavernous
ferviente/feɾ.ˈβjen.te/fervente/fɨɾ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/fervent, ardent
fervorosa/feɾ.βo.ˈɾo.sa/fervorosa/fɨɾ.vu.ˈɾɔ.zɐ/fervent (fem)
noviembre/no.ˈβjem.bɾe/novembro/nu.ˈvẽ.bɾu/November
cavando/ka.ˈβan.do/cavando/kɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/digging (gerund)
lavando/la.ˈβan.do/lavando/lɐ.ˈvɐ̃.du/washing (gerund)
levando/le.ˈβan.do/levando/lɨ.ˈvɐ̃.du/lifting (gerund)
privando/pɾi.ˈβan.do/privando/pɾi.ˈvɐ̃.du/depriving (gerund)
salvando/sal.ˈβan.do/salvando/saɫ.ˈvɐ̃.du/saving (gerund)
deva/ˈde.βa/deva/ˈde.vɐ/deva, Hindu god
devi/ˈde.βi/devi/ˈde.vi/devi, Hindu goddess
jiva/ˈxi.βa/jiva/ˈʒi.vɐ/jiva
kvas/kβas/kvas/kvaʃ/kvas
kvas/kβas/kvass/kvaʃ/kvas
seva/ˈse.βa/seva/ˈse.vɐ/seva, selfless service
halva/ˈal.βa/halva/ˈaɫ.vɐ/halva
shiva/ˈʃi.βa/shiva/ˈʃi.vɐ/Shiva, Hindu deity
svaha/ˈsβa.a/svaha/ˈʒva.ɐ/svaha, ritual mantra ending
avatar/a.βa.ˈtaɾ/avatar/ɐ.vɐ.ˈtaɾ/avatar
advaita/ad.βaj.ˈta/advaita/ɐd.vɐj.ˈta/advaita, non-duality
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baclava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
baklava/ba.ˈkla.βa/baklava/bɐ.ˈkla.vɐ/baklava
samovar/sa.mo.ˈβaɾ/samovar/sɐ.mu.ˈvaɾ/samovar
caravana/ka.ɾa.ˈβa.na/caravana/kɐ.ɾɐ.ˈva.nɐ/caravan
diván/di.ˈβan/divã/di.ˈvɐ̃/divan, couch
/β/⟨b⟩ · not word initial · 37
outcome
Sagittal articulation of /β/
/β/
SpanishES IPAPortuguesePT IPAEnglish
aba/ˈa.βa/fava/ˈfa.vɐ/broad bean
alba/ˈal.βa/alva/ˈaɫ.vɐ/dawn
albo/ˈal.βo/alvo/ˈaɫ.vu/white (rare/poetic)
cebo/ˈθe.βo/cevo/ˈse.vu/bait
nube/ˈnu.βe/nuvem/ˈnu.vɐ̃j̃/cloud
deber/de.ˈβeɾ/dever/dɨ.ˈveɾ/to owe
haber/a.ˈβeɾ/haver/ɐ.ˈveɾ/to have
labor/la.ˈβoɾ/lavor/lɐ.ˈvoɾ/labor, work
libre/ˈli.βɾe/livre/ˈliv.ɾɨ/free
libro/ˈli.βɾo/livro/ˈliv.ɾu/book
árbol/ˈaɾ.βol/árvore/ˈaɾ.vu.ɾɨ/tree
librar/li.ˈβɾaɾ/livrar/liv.ˈɾaɾ/to free, save, deliver
probar/pɾo.ˈβaɾ/provar/pɾu.ˈvaɾ/to test, prove, try
caballa/ka.ˈβa.ʎa/cavala/kɐ.ˈva.lɐ/mackerel (semantic shift)
caballo/ka.ˈβa.ʎo/cavalo/kɐ.ˈva.lu/horse
palabra/pa.ˈla.βɾa/palavra/pɐ.ˈlav.ɾɐ/word
probada/pɾo.ˈβa.ða/provada/pɾu.ˈva.dɐ/proven, tested
probado/pɾo.ˈβa.ðo/provado/pɾu.ˈva.du/proven, tested
librador/li.βɾa.ˈðoɾ/livrador/liv.ɾɐ.ˈdoɾ/deliverer
probador/pɾo.βa.ˈðoɾ/provador/pɾu.vɐ.ˈdoɾ/tester, fitting room
carbón/kaɾ.ˈβon/carvão/kɐɾ.ˈvɐ̃w/coal
hierba/ˈjeɾ.βa/erva/ˈɛɾ.vɐ/grass
febrero/fe.ˈβɾe.ɾo/fevereiro/fɨ.vɨ.ˈɾej.ɾu/February
taberna/ta.ˈβeɾ.na/taverna/tɐ.ˈvɛɾ.nɐ/tavern
bebiente/be.ˈβjen.te/bevente/bɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/drinking
debiente/de.ˈβjen.te/devente/dɨ.ˈvẽ.tɨ/owing
escribir/es.kɾi.ˈβiɾ/escrever/ɨʃ.kɾɨ.ˈveɾ/to write
probante/pɾo.ˈβan.te/provante/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.tɨ/proving
caballero/ka.βa.ˈʎe.ɾo/cavaleiro/kɐ.vɐ.ˈlej.ɾu/knight, gentleman
probando/pɾo.ˈβan.do/provando/pɾu.ˈvɐ̃.du/proving, trying (gerund)
aljaba/al.ˈxa.βa/aljava/aɫ.ˈʒa.vɐ/quiver
jabalí/xa.βa.ˈli/javali/ʒɐ.vɐ.ˈli/wild boar
sabana/sa.ˈβa.na/savana/sɐ.ˈva.nɐ/sabana
albahaca/al.βa.ˈa.ka/alfavaca/aɫ.fɐ.ˈva.kɐ/basil
albayalde/al.βa.ˈjal.de/alvaiade/aɫv.ˈɐja.dɨ/white lead pigment (archaic)
albéitar/al.ˈβej.taɾ/alveitar/aɫ.ˈvej.tɐɾ/veterinarian (archaic
alcoba/al.ˈko.βa/alcova/aɫ.ˈkɔ.vɐ/alcove, bedroom
Every table here shows the full corpus behind a sound correspondence — the print book shows a curated handful. Forms are generated from the book’s Latin→Romance model; the CCA column is the reconstructed common ancestor.